• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.402-407
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the habitat characteristics of a reservoir in Gyeongju City, Gyeongbuk, in which a large group of Mauremys reevesii (endangered species Class II and natural monument No. 453 in Korea) was discovered. We examined the biotic and abiotic factors that directly and indirectly threaten the survival of M. reevesii within the habitat. The reservoir where M. reevesii was discovered was built for agriculture and surrounded by submerged trees, dam, forests, reeds, and farmland (paddy field). All of the M. reevesii were found only in the submerged trees on the north side of the reservoir. We found 28 M. reevesii (8 juveniles) and 21 M. reevesii (16 juveniles) from field surveys on May 10th and August 9th, 2018, respectively. A number of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), which threaten the survival of M. reevesii, were also found in and around the reservoir. Moreover, there were signs of excavation of cultural asset, chemical fertilizer, and household garbage, all of which are considered to be major threats to the survival of M. reevesii, all over the reservoir. Newborn turtles in this year were not observed. However, we estimated that natural breeding had sufficiently occurred since we observed many young turtles in the reservoir. Furthermore, the presence of young T. s. elegans individuals can be a persistent problem for M. reevesii as they are competing species. In conclusion, in-situ conservation method should be considered for protecting the endangered turtle and their habitat.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.490-502
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• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the current status of fish fauna and characteristics of the fish community according to the habitat of Woraksan National Park, Korea. The spatially balanced sampling selected 20 stations from major streams of Woraksan National Park, and three surveys were conducted in each season. The physical environments of the habitat were mostly mountain streams (Aa), with large stones and gravels scattered over the stream. The average altitude of the habitat was 304.4 m, and the average depth of water was 40.3 cm, being less than 1 m in most cases, and the river water level was distributed from 3rd to 5th streams. The principal component analysis of the physical environmental factors by habitat showed that the substrate properties differed according to the altitude. The survey identified a total of 2,183 individuals in 16 species belonging to 7 families. The dominant species was Zacco koreanus(86.2%), and the subdominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus(3.8%). Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, classified as the endangered wildlife II, was the first endangered legally protected species found in this survey. Analysis of the rank abundance curve model in the fish community showed the Zipf model at 9 out of 20 points, the Lognormal model in 3 points, and the Preemption model in 4 points. The remaining 4 habitats showed only one species and were not analyzed. The canonical correspondence analysis of 20 stations and fish species was performed to understand the characteristics of the fish community according to environmental factors. The fish communities were divided according to differences in habitat environment by the altitude.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.150-161
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• 2005

Soraksan National Park and Odaesan National Park, that are 20.7 km apart, should play an important role as habitats and corridors for wildlife because they are located in the center of Baekdudaegan. However, landscape features such as small area, fragmentation, and geographic isolation seem to impede the proper ecological functions of these two national parks. Using GIS technique, we examined the pattern of fragmentation in these two national parks and adjacent regions (Sokcho-si, Goseong-gun, Inje-gun, Yangyang-gun, and Hongcheon-gun) encompassing a total of $4573.5km^2$ in area. We then selected the patches suitable for an endangered carnivorous species, leopard cat, based on habitat conditions, and identified the network and stepping stone among patches to enable leopard cats to migrate. Diverse roads and artificial facilities in the study area generated a total of 24,701 patches: 39 patches among these were selected as potential habitats upon considering the habitat condition such as vegetation types and minimum area for leopard cat. Three patches nearby Gyebangsan and Bangtaesan were identified as a potential network center to relieve the effects of fragmentation and isolation of the two national parks. Our results also showed that patches containing Jombongsan and Bangtaesan would act as a source patch from there leopard cats can disperse to both national parks. It is an urgent task to identify the pattern of fragmentation and the connectivity between patches in national parks and adjacent areas for wildlife conservation because almost all national parks confront land- scape problems similar to the two national parks examined in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1874-1878
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 물고기 서식처의 수리조건을 조사하기 위한 현장조사와 대상지에서의 미시서식처의 분포를 파악하기위한 수치계산을 실시하였다. 현장조사는 미호천과 금강이 합류되는 지점으로부터 약 24km 상류에 위치한 동경127도26분-북위36도41분 충북 청원군 오창면의 미호천 일부구간을 대상으로 수리학적 특성 조사, 지형측량 및 서식처별 대표어종 조사를 수행하였으며, 수치실험은 하천에서의 흐름거동을 2차원적으로 해석하는데 많이 사용되고 있는 상용프로그램인 SMS (Surface - Water Modeling System)의 RMA2 모형에 현장조사로부터 얻은 결과들을 입력함으로서 진행하였다. 그 결과 유속과 수심에 따른 서식처 구분이 가능하였으며, 현지특성을 재현한 수치모형 결과는 대상하천에서의 서식지 분포를 정량적으로 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2007

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in small rodents characteristics of populations between forest and forest road area in deciduous forest, Jincheon, Chungbuk province, Korea. Value of understory coverage and number of small trees (<10 cm DBH) were higher and value of canopy coverage was lower in forest road area than in forest area. Size of home range of Apodemus peninsulae was larger and number of captured individuals was less in forest area. Also, mean body weight and number of captured individuals of A. agrarius were higher in forest road area. There were differences in captured number of individuals in each distance from the center of planned road route or forest road in both areas. Forest road would be influenced on individuals, species composition, and habitat using pattern of small rodents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1435-1443
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• 2012

The changes of plant communities at Angol valley and Baetgol valley in Geoje-do were studied. Both ${\alpha}$-diversity and ${\gamma}$-diversity decreased with the sizes and degrees of habitat fragmentations. The mean number of winner species decreased with habitat fragmentation. All Quercus species, including Quercus acutissima, significantly declined in importance, while the many introduced species, including Trifolium pretense, all increased in importance. As the proportional change in adult survival rate increased, the absolute value of the bias in the elasticity prediction also increased from 2003 to 2011 at undisturbed forests. However, the bias was low for decreases in disturbed populations. Moran's I values showed overall decreases for habitat fragmentation and for the periods of habitat conversion. Eventually, plant communities, due to urbanization in Goeje-do, might have led to decreased chances of common species when the environment was disturbed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.116-119
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• 1997

광산지 및 쓰레기매립지의 오염토양을 정화하는데 식물의 이용가능성을 평가하기 위하여 강원도, 경상북도 지역에 분포하는 17곳의 폐광산과 강원도에 분포하는 농촌형 일반 쓰레기매립지 6곳을 대상으로 광산지와 매립지의 토양 특성을 조사하고, 서식 식물종의 오염 물질 제거 능력과 개척종으로서의 가능성을 평가하였다. 광산지 토양의 경우 산성화가 진행된 곳이 많았고, 중금속함유량도 전국 토양의 평균함유량보다 훨씬 높게 나타났으나, 매립지의 경우 약알카리성 토양이 많았고, 광산지와 달리 중금속 오염의 우려는 없었다. 오염토양에 서식하는 쑥을 포함한 14종의 식물체중에서 오염토양정화기술에 이용 가능한 유용식물로 Aremisia princeps(쑥), Micanthus sinensis(억새), Oenanthera odorata(달맞이 꽃)등이 중금속의 흡수력과 지상부로의 이행력이 큰 식물종으로 나타나 phytoremediation에 있어서 개척종으로 이용가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2018

Agricultural landscapes in Korea comprise a large cultivation area of rice paddies, other crops, and forests which surround the cropland and the farmers' residential village. The forests in this agricultural landscape play important roles as ecological corridors and refuges for plants and animals in this agroecosystem. The present study investigated the spatial and temporal diversity patterns among these components of the agroecosystem to provide baseline data that describes how fauna change in the studies system. Insect sampling was conducted at four sites in two regions, Chungcheong (Ockcheon and Geumsan) and Jeonnam (Younggwang and Haenam), from March to August of 2014, using an UV light trap for moths and five pitfall traps for beetles. Beetles comprised 225 species and 2,457 individuals in 35 families, while moths consisted of 141 species and 403 individuals in 17 families. Beetles showed higher diversity in Chungcheong than Jeonnam, while moths showed no difference in diversity between regions. Forests showed the highest number of species and individuals, followed by orchards and rice paddies. The food preference of beetles showed that forests contained a higher proportion of herbivores, while orchards and rice paddies had a higher proportion of carnivores. Temporal changes in moths in the two regions were synchronous, while those of beetles were nonsynchronous. Moths increased from spring to summer across all habitats, especially in rice paddies during summer. Beetles also increased from spring to summer in orchards and rice paddies, although the beetles in the forests increased in the middle of summer. A detailed and long-term study is needed to reveal the causes of different diversity patterns of taxa among the different habitats within the agroecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

Cymbidium kanran Makino is being threatened in its own habitats due illegal collecting and habitat changes by vegetation growth along historical landuse change. In this study, we established habitat restoration model for conservation of C. kanran based on ecological diagnosis. Through exploration to Jeju Island in 2014 and 2015, we identified 27 unknown habitats of C. kanran and in there, abiotic variables and vegetation structure and composition were quantified. Altitudinal distribution of C. kanran was between 200 m~700 m a.s.l. and compared to distribution in 2004, Area of Occupation (AOO) decreased at 82%. Specific habitat affinity was not observed by evenly found in mountain slope and valley and summergreen and evergreen broadleaved forests, but likely more abundant in valley habitats with higher soil and ambient moisture. Total of 96 individual of C. kanran was observed with an average density of $942.6individuals\;ha^{-1}$. The plants showed relatively short leaf length (average=$10.7cm{\pm}1.1cm$) and small number of pseudo bulbs ($1.2{\pm}0.2$). Flowering and fruiting individuals were not observed in field. C. kanran was classified into endangered plant species as CR (Critically Endangered) category by IUCN criteria. Phenotypic plasticity of C. kanran was likely support to sustain in more shaded habitat environment and recent habatat changes to closed canopy and low light availability may exhibit negatively effects to C. kanran's life history. Restoring C. kanran habitat should create open environment as grassland and low woody species density.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.328-334
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• 2016

This study identified the habitat use pattern and migration distance of spot-billed ducks during winter that occur for breed and wintering. The study was carried out using GPS-mobile phone based Telemetry (WT-300) to provide the research results as basic data for protection and management of the habitats of water birds in Korea. The tracking devices (WT-300) were attached to a total of twenty spot-billed ducks collected from the rivers and reservoirs in Gyeonggi-do Anseongcheon, Chungcheongnam-do Seocheongun, Jeollabuk-do Mangyunggang, Dongjingang, and Jeollanam-do Haenamgun. It was found that spot-billed ducks used rivers most frequently as their habitats (47.3%), followed by rice fields, ocean, inland wetlands, and tidal flats. While spot-billed ducks used rice fields at night time and ocean, inland wetlands, and tidal flatss at day time, they used rivers regardless of time. Change rate of habitat use pattern was highest between 6:00am and 8:00am and between 16:00pm and 18:00pm. The average daily migration distance was $0.75{\pm}0.27km$/2hours and accumulated migration distance was 8.95km. Spot-billed ducks covered the longest migration distance between 6:00am and 8:00am and between 16:00pm and 18:00pm; the distance they moved during the periods from 6:00am to 8:00am and from 16:00pm to 18:00pm was 2km but during the rest of the time, it was less than 1km for equivalent durations. The time when spot-billed ducks covered the longest migration distance also corresponds to the time when they showed the greatest change rate of habitat use pattern.