• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 2016

Temperature increase and precipitation changes caused by change alter aquatic environments including water quantity and quality that eventually affects the habitat of aquatic organisms. Such changes in habitat lead to changes in habitat suitability of the organisms, which eventually determines species distribution. Therefore, conventional habitat suitability models were investigated to evaluate habitat suitability changes of freshwater fish cause by change. Habitat suitability models can be divided into habitat-hydraulic (PHABSIM, CCHE2D, CASiMiR, RHABSIM, RHYHABSIM, and River2D) and habitat-physiologic (CLIMEX) models. Habitat-hydraulic models use hydraulic variables (velocity, depth, substrate) to assess habitat suitability, but lack the ability to evaluate the effect of water quality, including temperature. On the contrary, CLIMEX evaluates the physiological response against climatic variables, but lacks the ability to interpret the effects of physical habitat (hydraulic variables). A new concept of ecological habitat suitability modeling (EHSM) is proposed to overcome such limitations by combining the habitat-hydraulic model (PHABSIM) and the habitat-physiologic model (CLIMEX), which is able to evaluate the effect of more environmental variables than each conventional model. This model is expected to predict fish habitat suitability according to climate change more accurately.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2021

Countries around the world, including the Republic of Korea, are participating in efforts to preserve biodiversity. Concerning species, in particular, studies that aim to find potential habitats and establish conservation plans by conducting habitat suitability analysis for specific species are actively ongoing. However, few studies on mid- to long-term changes in suitable habitat areas are based on accumulated information. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the time-series changes in the habitat suitable area and examine the otters' changing pattern (Lutra lutra) designated as Level 1 endangered wildlife in Gangwon-do. The time-series change analysis used the data on otter species' presence points from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th national natural environment surveys conducted for about 20 years. Moreover, it utilized the land cover map consistent with the survey period to create environmental variables to reflect each survey period's habitat environment. The suitable habitat area analysis used the MaxEnt model that can run based only on the species presence information, and it has been proven to be reliable by previous studies. The study derived the habitat suitability map for otters in each survey period, and it showed a tendency that habitats were distributed around rivers. Comparing the response curves of the environmental variables derived from the modeling identified the characteristics of the habitat favored by otters. The examination of habitats' change by survey period showed that the habitats based on the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey had the widest distribution. The habitats of the 3rd and 4th surveys showed a tendency of decrease in area. Moreover, the study aggregated the analysis results of the three survey periods and analyzed and categorized the habitat's changing pattern. The type of change proposed different conservation plans, such as field surveys, monitoring, protected area establishment, and restoration plan. This study is significant because it produced a comprehensive analysis map that showed the time-series changes of the location and area of the otter habitat and proposed a conservation plan that is necessary according to the type of habitat change by region. We believe that the method proposed in this study and its results can be used as reference data for establishing a habitat conservation and management plan in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Global warming has a major impact on the Earth's precipitation and temperature fluctuations, and significantly affects the habitats and biodiversity of many species. Although the number of alien plants newly introduced in South Korea has recently increased due to the increasing frequency of international exchanges and climate change, studies on how climate change affects the distribution of these alien plants are lacking. This study predicts changes in the distribution of suitable habitats according to RCPs climate change scenarios using the current distribution of the invasive alien plant Conyza sumatrensis and bioclimatic variables. C. sumatrensis has a limited distribution in the southern part of South Korea. Isothermality (bio03), the max temperature of the warmest month (bio05), and the mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio09) were found to influence the distribution of C. sumatrensis. In the future, the suitable habitat for C. sumatrensis is projected to increase under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate change scenarios. Changes in the distribution of alien plants can have a significant impact on the survival of native plants and cause ecosystem disturbance. Therefore, studies on changing distribution of invasive species according to climate change scenarios can provide useful information required to plan conservation strategies and restoration plans for various ecosystems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1996.09a
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• pp.61-76
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• 1996

본 연구는 하천유역의 중금속을 제거하는데 식물을 활용하기 위해 1994년 7월부터 10월까지 전라북도에 위치한 전주천과 그 주변하천에서 7개 지점을 선정하여 토양층과 물의 Pb, Cu, Zn 및 Fe 등의 함량을 조사하였고 그 주변에 자생하는 고마리, 마름 및 노랑어리연꽃의 중금속 농축량과 부위별 중금속 농축량을 조사하였다. 그리고 재료식물내의 중금속 농축량과 서식지 토양의 중금속 함량과의 관계를 밝히기 위해 재료식물내의 중금속 함유량과 토양의 중금속 함량간의 상관계수를 조사하였다. 실험실 조건하에서 재료식물의 중금속 흡수경향을 조사하기 위해 재료식물 중 고마리를 선정하여 Pb, Cu 및 Zn 등을 여러 농도로 처리한 용액에 고마리의 뿌리부분을 침수하여 재배한 후 그농축량을 측정하였고, 그 결과를 7개 채집지에서 자생한 고마리의 중금속 농축량의 측정치와 비교 분석하였다. 7개 채집지에서 자생한 고마리의 부위별 중금속 농축량은 Pb와 Zn의 경우 줄기<잎<뿌리의 순서로 증가하였고 Cu와 Fe는 잎<줄기<뿌리의 순서로 증가하였으며, 중금별 농축량은 Pb$\leq$Zn의 순서로 증가하였다. 고마리의 배양 실험 결과, 서식지에서 조사된 결과인 잎과 줄기에서 Pb

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-67
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• 2021

Hornbeams (Carpinus spp.), which are widely distributed in South Korea, are recognized as one of the most abundant species at climax stage in the temperate forests. Although the distribution and vegetation structure of the C. laxiflora community have been reported, little ecological information of C. tschonoskii is available. Little effort was made to examine the distribution shift of these species under the future climate conditions. This study was conducted to predict potential shifts in the distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii in 2050s and 2090s under the two sets of climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The MaxEnt model was used to predict the spatial distribution of two species using the occurrence data derived from the 6th National Forest Inventory data as well as climate and topography data. It was found that the main factors for the distribution of C. laxiflora were elevation, temperature seasonality, and mean annual precipitation. The distribution of C. tschonoskii, was influenced by temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, and mean diurnal rang. It was projected that the total habitat area of the C. laxiflora could increase by 1.05% and 1.11% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. It was also predicted that the distributional area of C. tschonoskii could expand under the future climate conditions. These results highlighted that the climate change would have considerable impact on the spatial distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii. These also suggested that ecological information derived from climate change impact assessment study can be used to develop proper forest management practices in response to climate change.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.941-951
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• 2012

The changes of forest habitats and maeulsoops(village forests) in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea are examined using landscape indices and morphological pattern analysis, and their landscape-ecological implications on conserving biological diversity are presented. We used FRAGSTATS and GUIDOS software, as well as land cover maps(of 1989 and 2006) to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of habitat composition and configuration in surrounding landscapes of 34 representative maeulsoops and Jinan-gun. The results showed decreases in the amount of core habitats and corridors and habitat connectivity at a regional scale since 1989. In addition, multi-scale habitat analysis at a focal scale revealed that the structural and functional connectivity between forest habitats surrounding maeulsoops of the year 2006 was lower than that of the year 1989. In order to reduce forest fragmentation and to enhance the connectivity among habitats, it is necessary to provide the additional habitat corridors as well as preserving existing corridors and surrounding landscapes of maeulsoops. We also suggest that a combination of landscape indices and morphological spatial pattern analysis can provide an effective tool to assess the habitat functions and configuration in a rapidly changing landscape.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.867-877
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• 2011

A study was conducted to find the habitat change and the insects and flora that live in the abandoned paddy field in Daun-dong Jung-gu, Ulsan, to provide basic information for the conservation and restoration of Nannophya pygmaea Ramber from June 2008 to July 2011. In case of the insects, 53 species in 32 families of 10 orders were identified, with Odonata, Hemiptera and Coleoptera being the three dominants (18.9% in total). For flora, 60 species in 30 families of 23 orders were identified, with Cyperaceae and Gramineae being the dominants(13.3% and 11.7%, respectively). The influx of woody plants in the surveyed area led to the rapid progress of succession and the carnification of the habitats for aquatic plants. Besides, the number of phytophagous insects and mountainous insects were increasing. Consequently, the habitat of Nannophya pygmaea Ramber has been relocated to the place, whose water depth remains unchanged at 2.5~9.5cm and water space is opened. Therefore, it is required to conduct long-term monitoring and appropriate management based on the ecological characteristic of the habitats to continuously conserve and maintain the habitats of Nannophya pygmaea Ramber.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.894-905
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• 2010

A habitat evaluation method was used to estimate the optimum suitability of the study area for the target algae. Habitat evaluation was carried out using an habitat evaluation procedure (HEP) so that the optimum suitability was quantitatively estimated for carrying out marine afforestation in the study area. According to the results of the suitability analysis, the variation of light and wave conditions according to depth showed the factors with the largest impact to involve the spatial distribution of suitable locations within the area. The total suitable area selected was calculated to be 18ha. The quality of the target algae (Ecklonia cava Kjellman) habitat was analyzed using an habitat suitability index (HSI) model of the HEP, which showed 0.55-0.907 (the maximum value being 1.0). This indicated that artificial reefs for afforestation should be installed to zonation type because the suitable area selected (The HSI value was 0.55~0.907) was distributed within the same depth line.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2015

We surveyed butterfly community in a rural area of the southwestern part of Korea to investigate the changes of species composition and their abundances between 2001~2002 and 2014. The butterfly survey was conducted at the same site using a line transect method. There was a significant decrease of the numbers of species and individuals between 2001~2002 and 2014. We categorized each species based on six ecological traits: habitat type, habitat breadth, food plant type, food plant breadth, number of generation per year and overwintering stage. The comparison of number of species using these ecological traits showed no difference during the 10-yr time intervals. However, the comparison of number of individuals for the ecological traits showed the significant differences except for one trait, overwintering stage. We could suspect that the decrease of butterflies in the study area was resulted from the habitat change. To investigate the causal factors and the changes of butterfly fauna, we need a long-term monitoring of the local butterfly community.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.68-74
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• 2014

Scientific study has investigated the body condition differences by habitat characteristics in larvae Korea salamander (Hynobius leechii) from March to April in 2012. To examine the sensitivity of external environment (predation risk), we divided two groups according to habitat characteristic; 1) Permanent pond and 2) Temporary pond. Howere, each larva was measured by head width at the level of the eye (HWE), largest head width (LHW) and snout-vent length, and we calculated the ratio of the head size by dividing HWE/LHW. As a result, larvae were larger in permanent pond group, had a faster growth rate than in temporary pond group. When exposed to the predator, larvae in permanent pond were smaller HWE/LHW than larvae in permanent pond. Therefore, these results indicate larvae in temporary pond more sensitive to the external environment.