• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생활하수 처리

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A Study on the filtering bed of porous sintering-product and hydrophytes for sewage treatment (오·폐수처리를 위한 수생식물 다공성 소결체여상의 기초연구)

  • Kim, Ju-Hyung;Yun, Chan;Oh, Joon-Seong
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to find the optimum condition of the high removal efficiency of water pollutant as sewage treatment technology using a filtering bed charged with porous sintering-pellet which was planted with hydrophytes. Experiment was carried out by changing concentration of water pollutants(COD, T-N, T-P), kind of hydrophyte, kinds of filtering material and size, and HRT. The result of removal efficiency was obtained as following: COD removal 73.8~87.1% for input concentration range of 50~450mg/L, T-N removal 61.3~77.3% for input concentration range of 7~124mg/L, T-P removal 89.5~99.1% for input concentration ranger of 3~27mg/L. In a comparative experiment of three kinds of hydrophyte(Iris pseudoacorus, Phragmites communis $T_{RIN}$., Oenanthe javanica Dc.), the best removal efficiency of COD and T-N was gained with Iris pse-udoacorus, and Phragmites communis $T_{RIN}$ showed better result than two hydrophytes for the removal efficiency of T-P. In a comparative experiment of four kinds of filtering-materials, the removal efficiencies were in the order of porous sintering-pellet, gravel, nonused-tire and nonused-concrete. It was found that for the porous sintering-pellet, the smaller its diameter, the better its result. In the filtering bed in which was charged with porous sintering-pellets of 5mm diameter and planted with Iris pseudoacorus, the removal efficiency of COD, T-N and T-P were over 80%, 70% and 90% under the concentration of COD 250mg/L, T-N 70mg/L and T-P 15mg/L for 24hrs treatment. Thus, we concluded that a filtering bed charged with porous sintering-pellet and planted with hydrophytes will be suitable for treatment of sewage water as a pro-natural treatment technology.

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Application of Dissolved Air Flotation Technique to Improve Reservoir Water Quality (가압부상 공법을 이용한 호소수질개선 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon;Sei, Young-Ho;Ahn, Tae-Woong;Choi, I-Song;Oh, Jong-Min
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.491-493
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    • 2012
  • 우리나라는 농업용수, 생활용수 등의 목적으로 여러 개의 호소 등을 설치하여 운영 중에 있다. 하지만 몇몇 호소들은 인구증가 및 산업발달로 인하여 매년 오염도가 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 특히 부영양화 현상으로 인하여 남조류가 과다번식 할 경우 호소 수질 및 수생태계에 악영향은 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 호소의 부영양화 현상을 제어하기 위한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 부영양화 현상을 발생시킬 수 있는 여러 제한인자 중 인(P)에 대한 관심이 많아지고 있는 실정이다. 부상분리의 일종인 DAF는 침전공정의 대안으로서 25년 전부터 유럽과 미국을 중심으로 정수 및 하수처리 공정에서 이용되어 왔다. 가압부상공법에서 발생되는 기포의 크기는 $50{\sim}100{\mu}m$ 정도로 부상물질인 스컴이 파괴될 가능성이 낮고 기포의 크기가 작아 공기의 용해효율이 높으며 대전작용, 물리적 흡착효과 등의 특징을 가진다고 알려져 있다. 또한 공기와 물 뿐만 아니라 Al 성분의 응집제인 PAC를 이용하여 버블을 발생시킬 경우 인의 제거 효율이 크다고 알려져 있다. 가압부상공법의 경우 응집 침전 공정과는 달리 발생되는 처리과정에서 발생되는 부산물을 외부로 유출 시킬 수 있기 때문에 호소 수질정화에 이용될 수 있다고 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 저수지의 형태와 유사한 반응조를 설계하여 DAF를 주입하는 실내실험을 진행하였으며, 이를 통해 호소수질 정화를 위한 DAF의 타당성에 대해 평가하기 위해 이루어졌다.

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Alternate Prey: A Mechanism for Elimination of Bacterial Species by Protozoa (원생동물(原生動物)에 의한 세균류(細菌類)의 소거(消去)에 관(關)한 기작(機作))

  • Mallory, Larry M.;Yuk, Chang-Soo;Liang, Li-Nuo;Alexander, Martin
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.358-367
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    • 1983
  • Antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae died readily after their addition to raw sewage, but they grew in sterilized sewage. The decline was not a result of antibiotic stresses, and because the bacteria were able to survive in large numbers for at least 15 days in solutions containing no organic nutrients, it was not a result of competition. Toxin production, bacteriophages, and Bdellovibrio did not cause the disappearance of the two bacterial species. A decline was also evident if the sewage was first passed through a $3-{\mu}m$ filter or treated with cycloheximide or cycloheximide plus nystatin, but protozoa developed under these conditions. Little or no decline occurred if the sewage was filtered and treated with the eucaryotic inhibitors before adding S. typhimurium or K. pneumoniae, and protozoa were not detected. S. typhimurium increased in abundance if cycloheximide, streptomycin, and erythromycin or large amounts of glucose were added to sewage. Tetrahymena thermophilus did not significantly reduce the population of S. typhimurium in buffer when the density of the bacterium was about $10^4/ml$. However, when more than $10^8$ Enterobacter agglomerans cells per ml were added to the buffer, T. thermophilus reduced the abundance of E. agglomerans and S. typhimurium to $10^6$ and 10/ml, respectively. The density of S. typhimurium was further decreased by a second increment of E. agglomerans cells. The disappearance of S. typhimurium and K. pneumoniae from sewage thus is the result of predation by protozoa. It is proposed that predators will eliminate a prey species from a natural environment when an alternate prey is present at concentrations above the threshold number for active feeing by the predator and when the rate of growth of the prey is less than the rate of predation.

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Effect of Advanced Wastewater Treatment by Variations Operating Conditions of 4-stage Intermittently Aerated Activated Sludge process (4단 간헐포기 공정의 운전조건이 고도처리에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Yong-Bum;Lee, Jeong-Gyu;Han, Dong-Joon;Kwon, Jae-Hyouk
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.970-976
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    • 2013
  • An evaluation of the organic matter removal efficiency showed high removal efficiencies of 91.1~96.3% and 91.4~97.5% for TCODcr and TBOD5, respectively, for 9hr or longer of HRT. However, the removal efficiencies decreased to 86.9~90.5% and 88.0~90.9%, respectively for 6hr of HRT. $NH_3$-N showed a high removal efficiency of 95% or higher for 9hr or longer of HRT. The total nitrogen removal efficiency was 67.6~76.7% for 9~12hr of HRT, and it decreased to 50% for 6hr of HRT, which seems to be due to the insufficient carbon source required for denitrification. The T-P removal efficiency was 32% on average. To comply with the legal standards, a chemical phosphorus removal process is needed after the reactor.

Evaluation of Ozone Resistance and Anti-Corrosion Performance of Water Treatment Concrete according to Types of Metal Spray Coating (수처리시설용 콘크리트의 금속용사 피막 종류에 따른 내오존성 및 전기화학적 방식 성능 평가)

  • Park, Jin-Ho;Choi, Hyun-Jun;Lee, Han-Seung;Kim, Sang-yeol;Jang, Hyun-O
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2019
  • As the pollution of water resources deteriorates due to industrialization and urbanization, it is difficult to supply clean water through a water treatment method using chlorine. Therefore, the introduction of advanced water treatment facilities using ozone is on the increase. However, epoxy which is used as waterproofing and anticorrosives and stainless steel used in conventional waterproofing and anti-corrosive methods have deteriorated because of the strong oxidizing power of ozone, causing problems such as leaking. Moreover, it even causes the durability degradation of a concrete. Therefore, in this study, metal spraying system was used as the means of constructing a metal panel with excellent ozone resistance and chemical resistance which is an easier method than an existing construction method. Ozone resistance was evaluated in accordance with the type of metal sprayed coatings to develop a finishing method which can prevent the concrete structure of water treatment facilities from deterioration. Furthermore, electrochemical stability in actual sewage treatment plant environment was evaluated. Experimental results showed that Ti has superior ozone resistance after spraying and the electrochemical stability in the sewage treatment plant environment showed that Ti has the highest polarization resistance of $403.83k{\cdot}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, which ensures high levels of durability.

A Study on the Sewerage Facility Management Technique based on GIS (GIS를 이용한 하수도 시설물 관리 방법에 관한 연구)

  • 최재화;박희주;이홍술
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 1993
  • It is very important entity that a map of urban facility is in civic life and development of city. But now, there are many needs of computerization which was used for management of urban facility map because inefficiency was produced due to management of urban facility map by hand. This paper, it was showed that a processing of establishing database in computer by applying GIS. The used sample area in studying in Ansan city in Kyunggi province and a sewer pipe which was in there adapted to establish database in computer. A map of administration district, which is 1:38,000, a map of complex urban planning of city, which is 1:3,000, and the facility map were used for the input of spatial data and the address, the year when sewer pipe was burried, and the quality of pipe, the pipe diameter, and the length of pipe were used as attribute data. Relational structure was used for establishment of database then, searching, analyzing, and processing were possible. Additionary, the result of this studying can be used for replacement of a old sewer pipe, a material quantity which is related with repairement of sewer pipe, and calculation of time, cost by application program framed by Fortran.

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Introduction to Image Processing Technology for Precise Positioning of Underground Buried Lifelines (영상정보 기반 지하매설관 정밀 위치조사 기술 소개)

  • Ryu, Byunghyun;Cheon, Jangwoo;Lee, Chulhee;Lee, Impyeong;Lee, Jangguen;Kang, Jaemo
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.22 no.12
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    • pp.51-57
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    • 2021
  • Underground lifelines such as water supply/sewer pipe, power cable and gas pipe are indispensable facilities to the life of urban society. These lifelines have been constructed long time ago and buried positioning information is not precisely recorded. Moreover, they have been concentrated on the narrow area and are complicatedly entangled in 3-dimension. In the fourth industrial revolution, a 3-dimensional visualization for underground lifelines is strongly required, and a database (D/B) with precise positioning information should be preceded. In this study, image processing technology for precise positioning of underground buried lifelines is introduced, which is able to build the database more accurately, efficiently and practically.

The test-bed construction and water purification assessment of the eco-convergence type aerated string contacted oxidation system (생태융합형 접촉산화수로 Test-Bed 구축 및 정화효율 평가)

  • Choi, Sunhwa;Lee, Seung-Heon;Jang, Kyusang;Kim, Heungseop
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.592-592
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    • 2016
  • 국내에는 17,500여개의 농업용 저수지가 전국적으로 분포하고 있다. 국내 농업용 저수지는 대부분이 소규모이며, 연중 수량 변동이 심하고, 유역배율이 작아 태생적으로 수질오염에 취약한 구조로 되어 있다. 특히 농업용 저수지는 도시 근교나 농촌지역에 많이 위치하고 있어 유역 내 축산 농가나 미처리 생활하수에서 유래된 유기물 및 영양염류 유입에 의한 수질오염도가 높다. 저수지에 고농도로 유입되는 유기물, TN, TP를 처리하기 위하여 농어촌연구원과 수생태복원(주)에서는 공동으로 친환경 수처리시설인 생태융합형 접촉산화시스템을 개발하였다. 생태융합 접촉산화수로는 상부 식생과 수로 내의 섬유상 끈상 미생물 접촉재를 이용하여 오염수가 수로를 흐르면서 침전, 여과, 흡착, 산화, 흡수 등 물리학적, 화학적, 생물학적 원리를 이용하여 고농도의 유기물과 질소, 인을 제거하는 물리적, 생물학적 공정을 융복합 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 경기도 시흥시에 소재하고 있는 M 저수지에 현장 Test-bed를 구축하여 수질정화효율을 평가하였다. M 저수지는 유효저수지량이 약 23만톤에 해당하는 소규모 저수지로, 1941년도 준공된 아주 노후화된 저수지로 평균 수심이 2m 이하이고 연중 수질오염도가 높은 저수지이다. 매화저수지 수변에 설치된 생태융합형 접촉산화수로의 전체규모는 길이 8.6m, 폭 2m, 수심 2m에 해당하며, 끈상 미생물 메디아조 3개($2{\times}2{\times}6m^3$), 침전조 1개($2{\times}2{\times}2m^3$)로 구성되어 있다. 기타 부대 장치로는 끈상 메디아조에 산소공급을 위한 Air-mist(마이크로 버블 발생장치), 자동운전계기판, 유입펌프 등이 있다. 생태융합형 접촉산화수로의 처리 공정은 유입수${\rightarrow}$에어미스트${\rightarrow}$고속복합응집장치${\rightarrow}$융복합 산화조(3조)${\rightarrow}$침전조${\rightarrow}$방류로 구성되어 있다. 테스트 베드는 2015년 8월 말경에 구축 완료하였으며, 끈상 미생물 메디아조의 수질정화효율을 평가하기 위하여 9월부터 11월까지 총 7회 걸쳐 유입수와 유출수를 각각 조사하였다. 현장 측정항목인 수온, pH, EC, DO 등은 유입수 및 유출수간 큰 차이가 없었고, COD, SS, Chl-a, TP 등은 수처리시스템 초기 가동시에는 메디아에 미생물 부착율 저조로 유입수 및 유출수 수질농도에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 운영시간의 경과와 함께 메디아의 미생물 충진율이 높아짐에 따라 처리효율이 최대 SS 69.6%, Chl-a 89.3%, TP 89%까지 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. 생태융합 접촉산화수로는 부지 집약적인 컴팩트한 수처리 시설로서 현재 널리 이용되고 있는 인공습지를 대체할 수 있는 경제적인 시설로 판단된다.

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Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics of Major Streams in the Daejeon Area (대전지역 도심하천의 수리화학적 및 동위원소적 특성)

  • Jeong, Chan-Ho;Moon, Byung-Jin
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.315-333
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    • 2009
  • In this study, the hydrochemical and the isotopic characteristics of major streams in the Daejeon area were investigated during rainy and dry seasons. The stream water shows the electrical conductivity of the range of $37{\sim}527{\mu}s$/cm, and pH $6.21{\sim}9.83$. The chemical composition of stream waters can be grouped as three types: the upper streams of Ca(Mg)-$HCO_3$ type, Ca(Mg)-$SO_4(Cl)$ type of middle streams flowing through urban area, and Na(Ca)-$HCO_3$(Cl, $SO_4$) type of the down streams. Based on in-situ investigation, the high pH of stream waters flowing through urban area is likely to be caused by the inflow of a synthetic detergent discharging from the apartment complex. The electrical conductivity of stream waters at a dry season is higher than those of at a rainy season. We suggest that the hydro-chemical composition of stream waters in the Daejeon area was affected by the discharging water from the sewage treatment facilities and anthropogenic contaminants as well as the interaction with soil and rocks. ${\delta}D$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of the stream waters show the relationship of ${\delta}D=6.45{\delta}^{18}O-7.4$, which is plotted at a lower area than global meteoric water line(GMWL) of Craig(1961). It is likely that this isotopic range results from the evaporation effect of stram waters and the change of an air mass. The isotope value shows an increasing trend from upper stream to lower stream, that reflects the isotopic altitude effect. The relationship between ${\delta}^{13}C$ and $EpCO_2$ indicates that the carbon as bicarbonate in stream water is mainly originated from $CO_2$ in the air and organic materials. The increasing trend of ${\delta}^{13}C$ value from upper stream waters to lower stream waters can be attributed to the following reasons: (1) an increasing dissolution of $CO_2$ gas from a contaminated air in downtown area of the Daejeon, and (2) the increment of an inorganic carbon of groundwater inflowed into stream by base flow. Based on the relationship between ${\delta}^{34}S$ and $SO_4$ of stream waters, the stream waters can be divided into four groups. $SO_4$ content increases as a following order: upper and middle Gab stream${\delta}^{34}S$ value decreases as above order. ${\delta}^{34}S$ value indicates that sulfur of stream waters is mainly originated from atmosphere, and is additionally supplied by pyrite source according to the increase of sulfate content. The sulfur isotope analysis of a synthetic detergent and sewage water as a potential source of the sulfur in stream waters is furtherly needed.

Analysis of digital monitoring of TOC using a spectrometer in river (하천에서의 분광측정기를 이용한 TOC 디지털 모니터링 분석 연구)

  • Soo Bin Yoon;Chang Hyun Lee;Ho Soo Lee;Ye Lim Park;Young Do Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.195-195
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    • 2023
  • 유기물오염은 호수와 하천에서 가장 흔히 나타나는 오염의 형태이다. 개발도상국에서는 하수처리시설이나 생활용수처리시설에서 유기물이 처리되지 않아 수중의 유기물함량이 증가하여 피해가 나타난다. 물환경보전법에 따라 유기물질을 측정하는 지표에는 BOD, COD, TOC가 있다. 그 중 BOD, COD 측정은 절차가 복잡하고 오래 걸리며, 생물분해가 불가능하거나 유독물질이 존재하는 유기물질인 경우에는 낮은 결과 또는 측정이 불가능하다. 이러한 이유로 환경부에서는 TOC중심관리로 전환되고 있다. 대부분의 수질항목 측정의 경우 현장시료를 채취하여 실험실에서 분석하는 수분석을 이용한다. 하지만 수분석의 경우 인력이 많이 투입되고 분석수가 한정적이며, 정교한 과학 장치를 갖춘 전문 실험실을 필요로 한다. 반면에 TOC는 짧은 시간 내에 측정이 가능하고, 안정적인 산화로 유기물질 총량을 정확하게 측정이 가능하다. 또한 위해성 물질을 발생시키지 않는 친환경적 방법이라 환경오염 감시에 많이 활용된다. 본 연구에서 분광측정기 중 하나인 S-CAN을 통해 하천의 TOC분석을 진행하였다. 대상지는 안동에 위치한 하천실험센터와 금호강 진천천으로 S-CAN측정과 채취한 시료의 수분석 결과를 비교하였다. 이를 통해 TOC측정 및 기기에 대한 정확도분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 S-CAN을 활용한 TOC중심의 수질모니터링하여 수질의 특성을 탐구하고, TOC기초연구를 통한 유기물오염도 지표로서 해석할 수 있다. 수분석 자료를 활용한 정확도 비교를 통해 하천 TOC센서 측정 적용에 대한 기초자료 제공과 측정기기의 현장적용성을 판단 할 수 있다. TOC측정 및 분석을 통해 유기물질량을 실시간으로 정확하게 측정하게 되면 수질관리 효율성이 높아지고, 하천에 유입되는 유기물질량과 농도를 정확하게 파악하여 실효성 있는 정책 수립 및 효율적인 수질관리를 할 수 있다.

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