• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.15 no.1 s.26
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• pp.7-16
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• 1976

In order to increase utility efficiency of red wood ants, Formica rufa truncicola var. yessonesis Forel as a resource of natural enemy of pine caterpillar, Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler, by finding out ecological and environmental factors in the habitat of red wood ants, the nest distribution and its density in habitat, plant distribution and density, stand-density of red pine, nest building and fixing plants, relative humidity of surface soil, physical and chemical natures of soil, and breeding rate were examined. The obtained results are summarized as follows: 1. The nest of red wood ants was densely distributed, in the lower-and middle top of mountain but no nest was found in the top. 2. The economical distribution of nest of habitat was estimated as $2.85/m^2$ and the lowest density as $1.93/m^2$ and these estimation lead us to confirm that pine caterpillar could be controlled. 3. The ecological characteristics of habitat seemed to be represented as higher stand-density of red pine of 10-20 years of age with large areas of eroded land under trees. The major grasses prevailing in this area were Andropogon brevifolius. Arundinella hirta, Miscanthus purpurasens, Eulia speciosa, Themeda japonica, Cymbopogon goeringii, and Eccoilpus cotulifer 4. Red wood ants seemed to build the nest by using red pine, Arundinella hirta, Miscanthus purpurascens, Themeda japonica or Cymbopogon goeringii as a fixing plant. 5. The limited point of humidity percent in habitat of red wood ants was estimated as $76\%$ during the acting period of May to September and as $72\%$ during pre-period of hibernation of October to November. 6. Soil analysis in habitating region showed higher concentration of organic matters and lower concentration of calcium and magnesium, and habitat was largely composed of silt and fine sand rather than coarse sand. 7. When the separated colony was transplanted to non-habitating red pine forest that seemed to have the similiar conditions as those of habitat, propagation and establishment of nest was possible.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.287-299
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• 2015

If the Nakdong River estuary is to be sustainable, land use management practices need to consider bird habitat requirements, especially given that the area serves as an important migratory bird sanctuary. In this study, bird habitats found in the Nakdong River estuary were classified into 11 different types including Phragmites australiss, mud flat, farmland, open surface in freshwater, sand bar, riparian forest, Scirpus planiculmis, waterway, construction, grasslands, and open surface in sea or brackish water. Taking into consideration the regional characteristics, habitat properties, and landscape indices, a total of 12 study sites were analyzed. Mud flat, construction, farmland, and P. australis account for 80% of the total land area. The high area ratio of construction and farmland to other types of habitat revealed a high amount of historical human activity and intervention in the area. Both patch numbers as well as patch density were high in West Nakdong River, Samrak Waterfront, Maekdo River, and Daejeo Floodgate, with these areas showing the greatest fragmentation as well. Total numbers of species and individuals had a positive correlation with the area and the number of habitat types. Findings suggest that protecting the habitat area, especially in S. planiculmis, is the most important factor for bird habitat management and that future development could result in habitat loss, having a profoundly adverse impact on bird populations. Therefore, it is important that the total area should be carefully protected by land use regulations in order to ensure that the Nakdong River estuary maintains its functional integrity as a migratory bird sanctuary.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 2015

In 2014, surveys were conducted in Korea to study the geographical distribution, host plants, and potential habitats of Pochazia shantungensis. The occurrence of P. shantungensis was confirmed in 43 cities and counties nationwide, and identified for the first time in Gyeongsangbuk-do. P. shantungensis has a wide range of diverse host plants comprising 113 species in 53 families, including crops, fruits, and forest trees. Since the hemipteran was first reported in Korea, 138 species from 62 families have been identified as P. shantungensis host plants. This insect feeds on the following major host plants: Malus pumila, Aralia elata, Styrax japonicus, Salix gracilistyla, Broussonetia kazinoki, Albizia julibrissin, Ailanthus altissima, Castanea crenata, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Cornus officinalis. Potential habitat was analyzed in the present study using the Maxent model with 12 variables (8 climate, 1 land cover, 1 forest type, 1 ecological zoning, and 1 distance). The model ROC AUC was 0.884, indicating a high accuracy. In the present study, precipitation of warmest quater, mean temperature of warmest quarter, forest type, and land cover were the most significant factors affecting P. shantungensis distribution, and habitat.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.95-105
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• 2004

우리나라의 비무장지대는 북위 38도를 중심으로 동서로 띠 모양을 이루고 있으며 총 면적이 $907.3km^2$에 이른다. 비무장지대외곽에는 민통선이 비무장지대의 남쪽 5-20km 아래에 위치하고 있으며 이곳에는 15개의 시, 군, 98개 읍, 면이 있다. 또한 동해에서 서해로 이르는 내륙의 접경지역은 약 248km에 이르며 이곳에는 2,800여종의 동식물과 146종의 희귀 동식물이 다양하게 분포하는 우수한 생태계를 이루고 있다. 하지만 이 지역은 남북교류 및 협력의 강화로 인해 향후 남북교류와 통일을 위한 전략지역으로 활용되기 위한 방안이 논의되고 있다. 그 결과 남북접경지원법(2000)이 제정되었고 각종 개발사업의 시행이 이 지역의 우수한 생태계를 훼손하려하고 있다. 철원의 비무장지대를 비롯한 습지지역은 세계적인 희귀 철새이며 우리나라의 멸종위기종인 두루미의 서식지공간으로 활용되고 있다. 철원지방의 두루미서식지 보전을 위해 벼농사 추수 후 농경지를 그대로 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 우리나라 비무장지대의 보전을 위해 유네스코의 접경지원보전방안의 도입이 필요하다. 보전계획을 수립한 후, 보전지역 확보를 위한 자금이 조성되어야 하며, 지역주민의 참여를 유도하는 생태관광의 도입이 필요하고, DMZ를 교육 및 연구의 중심지역으로 발전시키는 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 국제사회의 주목을 받고 있는 자연생태계우수지역의 유지, 발전을 위해 정부, 학계는 같이 노력하여야 한다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2016

Narrow-mouth frog (Kaloula borealis) is the only amphibian species of genus Kaloula living in South Korea. They are designated and managed as endangered class II wildlife by the Ministry of Environment, Korea. Therefore, there is a desperate need of a habitat restoration study to prevent the extinction of narrow-mouth frog. This study is primarily for the purpose of presenting the direction and practical applications to restore damaged narrow-mouth frog habitats or to suggest alternative habitat options. The habitat suitability index (HSI) of narrow-mouth frog was applied to the research area in Mokpo City of Jeollanam-do Province, in order to present a new narrow-mouth frog habitat. We analyzed the research area based on historical contexts, ecological environment, ecology, and habitat requirements. The research area was divided into the core, buffer, and transition zones according to UNESCO MAB (Man and Biosphere) to establish local land-use plans. As for the foundation of the plan, we divided the habitat composition of the core, where narrow-mouth frog live in, into wetland (spawning area), grassland (shelter and feeding grounds), and forestland (feeding ground). We had a comparative analysis of habitat suitability in pre and post planning of narrow-mouth frog habitat restoration. For the validation study of habitat restoration plans, the future research should be on the composition of test-bed, continuous monitoring, and scientific habitat maintenance.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.727-743
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• 2004

This paper aims to explore the geographic characteristics of ecotour resources in Gumho-river basin and to study the educational application of ecotour resources. To grasp the characteristics of ecotour resources in Gurnho-basin, this research carried out a literature review about Gumho-river basin and arranged ecotour resources by different types. Ecotour resources are divided into geomorphic and geologic resources, plant communities, wildlife habitats, cultural and historical resources, regional events with eco-resources. The case studies of New Zealand present good examples of how to successfully use the ecotour goals as a educational applications to Korea. The ecotourism in Korea has not still achieved the real benefits which meet environmental conservation, regional economic advantages and educational effects. Thus, the ecotour programmes should be include entrance limitations, strict opening time schedules, natural trails, museums for study, boards for study, well trained information officers and guides organized by residents. In addition, the local residents prepare of winter programmes for sustainable economic advantages.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.536-540
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• 2010

본 연구는 충청북도 내 각 지자체에서 조성한 자연형 하천에 대하여 자연형 하천의 기능을 올바르게 이해하고, 친자연공법을 적용하여 "내고장 하천살리기" 사업을 제대로 시행하고 있는지를 조사하고 평가한 것이다. 주민들이 경제적으로 여유를 가지게 되면서 마음의 안정과 심미적 가치를 주거지의 인접거리에 있으면서 생태학적으로 가장 역동적인 생물서식지이며 추이대인 하천변에서 찾게 되면서 각 지자체에서는 경쟁적으로 많은 공사비를 투입하여 자연형 하천을 조성하였다. 자연형 하천을 조성하기 위해서는 하천이 가지고 있는 다양한 역할을 이해하고, 하천에 대한 올바른 진단과 대안제시를 통해야 함에도 불구하고 세심한 검토가 부족한 상태에서 예산과 건설장비를 투입하고, 조성된 하천을 방치한다면 생명체들이 살아 숨 쉬는 하천으로 되살아나기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 내고장 하천을 자연형 하천으로 살리기 위한 기준을 다음과 같이 설정하고 충청북도 내 각 지자체에서 조성한 자연형하천을 평가하여 자연형하천 조성에 대한 업무의 눈높이를 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 것이다. 1) 내 고장 하천 고유의 특성을 산출하고 이에 따른 자연형 하천공법의 추진 2) 하천의 생태복원을 위하여 모니터링을 실시하고, 서식처 보존사업의 추진 3) 주민, 행정부서 간에 하천살리기 실천활동과 거버넌스 행정구현의 추진.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.12-25
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• 2004

Integration system of conservation ecology, ecosystem management and land planing in landscape scale is major principle strategy for national management system of environmental resource and biodiversity. Current conservation strategy is concerned with not only population and habitat level but also ecosystem and landscape level. In especially, ecological networking to link core areas or major habitat patches is most eminent and emerging issue in European Union (EU) and North America. Moreover, the promotion of national ecological network system in EU is focused on national cooperation to construct ecological corridor for key habitat that distributed in many countries. Integrating landscape ecology into conservation ecology and restoration have important role to stimulate the network system in regional and national level. In this review paper, comprehensive and necessary considerations arisen from the view of landscape ecology were discussed for the present situations of wildlife conservation and management in Korea compared with other countries. Especially, the conservation strategy and policy of biodiversity were addressed in broad sense including habitat protection, legal approaches, and ecological network programs. Finally, a national ecological network system was suggested for environmental policy in Korea in global consideration after the Korean Unification.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2000

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of bird community in Han River area from Oct. 1997 to Jul. 1998. Total 107 bird species were recorded in Han River area. Bird mainly distributed around Kangdong Bridge, Paldang Dam, Yangsuri, Haengju Bridge, Sungsan Bridge, and Bam island. The area between Dongiak Bridge and Youngdong Bridge showed the lowest the density of birds. The dominant birds of Han River area were the dabbling ducks, which were Anas platyrhynchos and A. poecilorhyncha. Diving ducks were distributed in the Dongiak Bridge, Youngdong Bridge, and estuary area. Grebes, Gulls, Herons, and Coots were also dominant bird species. Cormorants, Swans, Sandpipers, and Plovers were minor birds in Han River area. Maintenance and management of various micro-habitats are needed for habitation of bird community in Han River area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.184-184
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• 2011

하천과 같은 생태계와 생물 서식지 들은 생물학적 요소와 무생물학적 요소간의 다양한 상호작용을 포함하는 복잡한 관계를 맺고 있다. CASiMiR 모델은 선정된 특정종의 서식지 적합도를 결정하기 위해 하천시스템의 수리학적 및 지형학적 특성을 사용하는 모듈형식의 조합으로 모의를 실시하는 프로그램으로 입력되는 자료로는 수심, 유량 등의 수리학적 자료와 하저구성물의 크기 토지피복의 종류 등의 지형학적 자료 등이 필요하다. 또한 어류의 서식지 적합도 지수를 제공하기 위해 선호도 함수를 사용하거나 Fuzzy 모형을 사용한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 CASiMiR-Fish 모형을 이용해 피라미 종의 Fuzzy 함수로 수통 수위표 지점 상하류 3km 구간에 대한 어류 서식지 모의를 실시하였다.