• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.33
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• pp.31-62
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• 2019

The purpose of this article is to study on the Daesoon Cosmology of the Correlative Relation between Mugeuk and Taegeuk. Daesoon cosmology is a cosmology based on the juxtaposition between the Gucheon Sangje and the world. In this article, I would like to say that this theory in Daesoon Thought was developed in three stages: the phase of the Mugeuk Transcendence of Gucheon Sangje, the stage of the Taegeuk Immanence, and the phase of the Grand Opening of the Later World between Mugeuk and Taegeuk as a correlative gentle reign. First of all, the phase of the Mugeuk Transcendence of Gucheon Sangje has been revealed as a yin-yang relationship. The stage of the Taegeuk Immanence represents the togetherness of harmony and co-prosperity between yin and yang, and the phase of the Grand Opening of the Later World between Mukeuk and Taegeuk refers to the unshakable accomplishment of its character and energy. It will be said that this is due to the practical mechanism in the correct balance of yin-yang making a four stage cycle of birth, growth, harvest, and storage. In addition, the Daesoon stage of the settlement of yin and yang is revealed as a change in the growth of all things and the formation of the inner circle. The mental growth reveals the characteristics of everything in the world, each trying to shine at the height of their own respective life as they grow up energetically. The dominant culture of cerebral communion renders a soft and elegant mood and combines yin and yang to elevate the heavenly and earthly period through transcendental change into sympathetic understanding. The stage of the Grand Opening of the Later World between Mugeuk and Taegeuk is one of the earliest days of the lunar month and also the inner circle of Taegeuk. It is in line with Ken Wilbur's integrated model as a step to the true degrees to develop into a world with brightened degrees. It is a beautiful and peaceful scene where celestial maidens play music, the firewood burns, and the scholars command thunder and lightning playfully. Human beings achieve a state of happiness as a free beings who lives as gods upon the earth. This is the world of theGrand Opening of the Later World between Mugeuk and Taegeuk. Daesoon Thought was succeeded by Dojeon in 1958, when Dojeon emerged as the successor in the lineage of religious orthodoxy and was assigned the task of handling Dao in its entirety. In addition, Daesoon is a circle and represents freedom and commonly shared happiness among the populous. Cosmology in the Daesoon Thought will enable us to understand deep dimensions and the identity of members as individuals within an inner circle of correlation between transcendence and immanence. This present study tries to analyze the public effects philologically and also the mutual correlation by utilizing the truthfulness of literature and rational interpretation. The outlook for the future in Daesoon Thought also leads to the one-way communication of Daesoon as a circle.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2001

This study was conducted to clarify of relationship with major physiological characters and RAPD patterns of garlic(Allium sativum L.) germplasm collected from the worldwide using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis. Eighty-four garlic accessions were classified into ten varietal groups by physiological characters with the single linkage clustering based on Q correlations. The majority was early maturing varieties collected from East-Asia, late maturing varieties were Europe. RAPD marker, $WE61_{1,630}$ was amplified with late maturing varieties and high correlation have shown, though three accessions weren't amplified. Clove undifferentiation and secondary growth had mainly occur accessions collected from Europe, but hadn't shown perfect linkage to RAPD. RAPD marker, $WF70_{1,400}$ appeared in bolting garlic and $WF64_{1,400}$ appeared only in fertile garlic. Unknown garlic amplified in $WF64_{1,400}$ might be fertile garlic, because of their collection site were from Central-Asia.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1991

Two cell types, tip cells and hyphal cells, were found at the front of Cuscuta australis endophyte growing into the stem parenchyma of the host plant, Trifolium repens. Each tip cell developed into an elongate, filamentous hypha. The cells of both types possessed a dense cytoplasm including abundant organelles and enlarged nuclei with the deeply lobed envelope. The unevenly thick walls were observed in certain tip cells. The wall penetrated through the middle lamellae of the host cells and engulfed the debris of broken host cells. Some front cells had the plasmalemma-wall invaginations, which increased the surface area and would facilitate material uptake from the host No plasmodesmata between the host and parasite cells were found; instead, an apoplastic continuity was established by fused cell walls at the interface of the two partners. The apoplast was thought to be the main route for water and nutrients transport.nsport.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.333-339
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• 2013

In this study we investigated the relationship between characteristics of vegetative growth of three species of Viola (V. rossii, V. japonica, and V. dissecta var. chaerophylloides) and light in order to explain how these three species could live together under a closed space in a forest. This studywas carried out at five sites in Mudeung-san (Mt.) on 1994, 1995, and 2000 and additional investigations were performed on 2007 and 2010 at the same sites. In order to find the relationship, three main investigations were conducted: counting number of individuals for each investigated year, measuring dry mass and counting developed leaves per plant, and finding presenting patterns of each species with reference to incidence of light. As a result, we found that three species could share the closed space in a forest because of their different adaptive strategies like V. rossii as Kstrategist, V. japonica as r-strategist, and V. dissecta var. chaerophylloides as an intermediator between two species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.226-230
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• 1986

Two near-isogenic lines with dark and pale green leaves, derived from the F$\_$7/ generation of wxl26 cross were compared on photosynthetic capacity, growth parameters, grain yield and yield-related characters. Dark green-leaved lines contained much greater content of chlorophyll a and b than pale green-leaved ones, but chlorophyll a to b ratio showed no difference between them. The photosynthetic nte per unit leaf area was higher in dark green-leaved lines than in pale green-leaved ones in the flag leaves at heading stage, but that per unit chlorophyll content showed reversed result. The crop growth rate from transplanting to heading was consistantly higher in the dark green-leaved lines, resulting from their greater net assimilation rate. Dark green-leaved lines produced greater number of panicles and spikelets per hill, out yielding pale green-leaved lines, but ripened grain ratio and 1000-grain weight showed no differences between those lines.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.539-544
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• 2023

The subject of this study is the Maae Buddha statue in granodiorite of the Mesozoic Cretaceous period, which is concerned about stability as a standing stone cultural property located in ◯◯-dong, Gyeongsangbuk-do. For stability analysis, three-dimensional face mapping, geological properties of joints, three-dimensional scanning, ultrasonic velocity, polarization microscopy, electron microscopy analysis and XRD analysis were performed. In addition, the safety factor of the Maaebul was calculated by analyzing the damage status investigation, stereographic projection analysis, rock classification, and limit equilibrium analysis. The types and scales of damage and possible collapse by section depend on the degree of weathering of the rock and the orientation and characteristics of the joints, but wedge-failure and toppling-failure are expected to be small-scale. The safety factor of Maaebul in dry and wet conditions is less than 1.2, so stability is concerned. The types of damage were mainly observed, such as exfoliation, cracking, granular decomposition, and vegetation growth. The Maaebul rock is granodiorite, and the surface discoloration materials are K, Fe, and Mg. The 4 sets of joints are developed, J1 is tensile joint and the others are shear joint. The uniaxial compressive strength estimated by ultrasonic exploration is 514kgf/cm2, which corresponds to most soft rocks and some weathered rocks. Rock classification(RMR) is estimated to be grade 5, very poor rock mass. These technique along with the existing methods of safety diagnosis of cultural properties are expected to be a reasonable tool for objective interpretation and stability review of stone cultural properties.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.385-395
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• 2010

This study aimed to identify weathering factors and to assess the conservation environment through microclimatic analysis of Hyeonpung Seokbinggo (ice-storing stone warehouse). The stone blocks inside Seokbinggo suffered crack, displacement, break-out, exfoliation, efflorescence, brown and black discoloration, and biological colonization. Biological colonization represented the maximum deterioration rate(24%) among those weathering forms. The indoor microclimate showed parallel patterns with outdoor one, but the indoor temperature and relative humidity ranged far narrower than outdoor and remained steady. The environmental characteristics resulted from blocking-out of outdoor heat by the closed entrance and surrounding microtopography. This prevented water condensation and freezing effects, so that it reduced physical deterioration of rock, and maximized ice-storing effect for long time. However, contrary to positive effect, extremely high relative humidity over 99% accelerated biological colonization inside the Seokbinggo.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2021

This paper is dealt with railway slope stability for slope reinforcement using a geosynthetic concrete composite mat(GCCM). Recently, according to a change in weather caused by global warming, train operation has been restricted by the loss of backfill slope at the roadbed, which is consists of gravel, due to typhoons and heavy rainfall. In addition, the amount of damage is getting more significant than the cost of restoration, and the safety of workers is worried. In order to improve this limitation, a slope stability analysis was applied with a rapid hardening composite mat so that it can quickly secure a construction surface with increased workability and work stability and reduce maintenance costs by preventing re-loss in case of heavy rain and fundamentally blocking vegetation. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the increase in safety factor was confirmed when the rapid harding composite mat was applied.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 1994

The contents of major elements were determined in current-year and previous-year needles and fine roots of pitch pine (Pinus yzgida) at 33 sites in Seoul and its vicinity. Contrary to Ca and Al in needles, N, P, Mg and K contents in current-year needles were higher than those in previous-year needles. The N, P, K and Al contents in current-year needles in Seoul were not significantly different from those in rural areas. In contrast, Ca and Mg contents in needles in Seoul were significantly lower than those in suburbs and rural areas. The N /Ca and N /Mg ratios in needles in urban Seoul were higher than those in rural areas. Mg contents in fine roots in soil of 0-5 cm depth increased along with distance from the center of Seoul, while Al contents in fine root in soil of 5-10 cm depth decreased along with distance from the center of Seoul. Al contents in fine roots in soil layer in Seoul and suburbs were higher than those in rural areas. Al contents in fine roots in litter layer were 1 /3 - 1 /2 times lower than those in soil layer for all areas. A1 content in fine roots in deep soil was higher than that in top soil. Therefore growth decline of pitch pine in Seoul and suburbs was thought to be caused by Ca and Mg deficiency in plant tissues and Al toxicity to fine roots. Abnormal vertical distribution of fine roots of pitch pine in Seoul and its vicinity were interpreted as the result of growth reduction of fine roots by Al toxicity in deep layer of acid soil.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.96-102
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• 1985

A study on the competition-ecological classification of the 10 prominent paddy weed species around bulrush (Scirpus juneoides) to simplify the weed problem concept for the rice production. A serial assessments on the competition ability in space and dry matter production(nutrient depletion) of respective weed species and paddy rice, and the data were used to compute the phenotypic similarity by Single Link Clustering method. Both growth response of weed species in mono- and under the paddy rice standing was very similar (r = 0.969), but the reduction rate as affected by paddy rice standing was negatively correlated with the ability in space-competition(r=-0.513). Dendrogram of 10 weed species based on the phenotypic similarity computed in 4 characters in mono- and under the paddy rice standing was also similar, as Echinochloa c., Ludwigia p., Cyperus s., and Scirpus m. in I-group, Eleocharis k., Scirpus j, in II-group, and Juncus e., Potamogeton d. in III-group, respectively. Also, that of paddy rice to 10 weed species showed Fimbristylis m., Scirpus j., Eleocharis k., Scirpus m., Juncus e. in I-group, and Ludwigia p., Potamogeton d., Monochoria v. in II-group, respectively. The integrated dendrogram by the above two data indicate the I-group with Fimbristylis m., Scirpus j., Eleocharis k. and Juncus e., as higher growth response with relatively lower competition ability to paddy rice, II-group with Cyperus s., Echinochloa c., Potamogeton d., and Ludwigia p., as higher both in growth and competition, and the last, III-group with Monochoria v., and Scirpus m., as lower growth but higher competition, respectively.