• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2010.05a
• /
• pp.1686-1690
• /
• 2010

우리나라 면적의 약 67%에 이르는 660만ha의 산림 중 침엽수림은 혼효림을 포함하여 약 74%를 차지해 활엽수림보다 넓게 분포하고 있다. 이와 같이 넓은 산림은 가뭄, 홍수와 같은 수문현상과 관련이 있으며 강우에 따른 유출에의 기여하는 바가 클 뿐만 아니라 강우, 증발산, 침투 유출에 이르는 다양한 수문현상이 복합적으로 나타난다. 특히, 최근 임목밀도의 증가가 오히려 증발산량의 증가, 옆면에 의한 강우 차단량의 증가 등을 발생시켜 가뭄과 홍수 또는 산사태의 원인이 될 수 있으며, 수자원 함양을 저해하는 요소로 작용하고 있다는 우려의 목소리가 나오고 있다. 따라서 산림지역의 증발산과 관련 있는 토양수분의 지속적인 모니터링과 감쇄특성 및 토양수분 환경에 대한 연구는 중요한 요소 연구가 될 수 있다. 봄에서 여름으로 진행되는 시기에는 강우발생에 비해 수목의 생육이 활발하여 증발산에 따른 토양수분 변화 및 감소가 급격하게 일어나며, 여름에는 토양수분의 감소도 뚜렷한 반면, 강우사상도 많이 발생하여 이에 따른 변화폭이 크게 나타난다. 또한, 가을에서 겨울로 진행되는 시기에는 수목의 생육의 둔화와 기온 하강으로 인하여 토양수분 감쇄현상 및 변화가 적게 나타나 토양수분의 변화양상이 계절마다 다르게 나타난다. 이에 토양수분의 감쇄현상을 파악하면 곧 산림지역에서의 증발산량 및 토양수분 소비특성을 파악할 수 있기 때문에, 산림에서 실제 토양수분 모니터링과 이를 통한 시간별, 깊이별 토양수분 변화 및 감쇄현상을 파악하는 것은 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 침엽수 산림에서의 토층별 월별 토양수분의 감쇄특성을 분석하기 위하여 침엽수림에서 토양수분 장기 모니터링 시스템을 구축하여 시간별, 토층별 토양수분 모니터링을 실시하고, 이를 바탕으로 침엽수림에서의 토양수분 감쇄현상을 분석하였다. 또한 토양수분 데이터 및 기상자료를 활용하여 월별, 기간별 토양수분 감쇄곡선을 산정하고 감쇄상수를 비교하였으며, 감쇄특성에 대하여 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.99 no.4
• /
• pp.590-596
• /
• 2010

To investigate and to compare the structure of Picea jezoensis forests at Chunwangbong area in the Jirisan National Park, 33 plots(400) were set up by a random sampling method. Dead individuals of Picea jezoensis trees were 15.6%, these were observed mainly in the upper-layer trees. A few seedlings of Picea jezoensis were found in this investigation area. This result indicates that Picea jezoensis might be gradually decreased in the future. Picea jezoensis stands were classified into two major groups by cluster analysis. There were strong positive correlations between Syringa reticulata and Acer pseudosieboldianum, Tripterygium regelii, Quercus serrata; Betula ermani and Lonicera maackii; Euonymus macropterus and Acer ukurunduense; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Tripterygium regelii, and relatively weak negative correlations were showed between Picea jezoensis and Abies koreana; Betula ermani and Acer ukurunduense; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Tripterygium regelii. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups ranged from 1.0000 to 1.3010.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 1997

Three types of virus disease symptoms were observed in azuki bean plants: yellow mosaic; mosaic; severe mosaic with dwarf. The symptoms developed in the indicator plant inoculated with a virus- infected leaf of azuki bean showed similar host range with those of AMV, CMV and AzMV. In antiserum response, yellow mosaic symptom formed sediments with AMV antiserum, mosaic type with CMV antiserum, respectively, From the electron microscope observation, eclliptic particle (18~58$\times$18nm), isometric particle (30nm), and filamentous(730$\times$12nm) combined with inclusion body were observed in yellow mosaic, mosaic, and severe mosaic with leaf curling symptoms, respectively, The results demonstrate that yellow mosaic, mosaic, and severe mosaic with dwarf are caused by AMV, CMV and AzMV.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 1990

Soybean [Glycin max (L.)] cv. Jangbaekkong was inoculated with 5 cultivated- and 5 uncultivated upland soils, in Yeongnam area, as soil inoculum and NifTAL peat inoculum as standard for soil inoculum potentials by Bradyrhizobium japonicum. 120 Bradyrhizobium japonicum isolates out of the soil populations were scored of three colony morphologies, designed "Dry", "Wet", and "Dry/Wet", and symbiotic effectiveness between "Dry" and "Wet" was compared. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Indigenous populations of B. japonicum were above $10^4cells/g$. soil at the cultivated upland soils but were a few at the uncultivated upland soils except a colluvivum, orchard previously, in Yeongnam area. 2. Inoculum potentials of the cultivated upland soils were higher than the NifTAL inoculum and generally, nodule mass compensated nodule number for symbiotic effectiveness of soil populations. 3. Colony morphologies of soil populations showed the different proportions of "Dry" and "Wet" so that "Dry" types were dominant at the cultivated upland soils while "Wet" types at the uncultivated upland soils. 4. "Dry" colony morphology significantly exhibited higher symbiotic effectiveness than "Wet" types in nodule fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and shoot dry weight/nodule fresh weight. Therefore, as long as soil inoculum potentials, the growth of soybean at the cultivated upland soils could presumedly be affected by soil populations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum of "Dry" colony morphology.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.348-357
• /
• 2015

The main purpose of this study is to understand the potential geographic distribution of P. koraiensis, which is known to be one of major economic tree species, based on the RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenarios and current geographic distribution from National Forest Inventory(NFI) data using ecological niche modeling. P. koraiensis abundance data extracted from NFI were utilized to estimate current geographic distribution. Also, GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production) model, one of the ecological niche models, was applied to estimate potential geographic distribution and to project future changes. Environmental explanatory variables showing Area Under Curve (AUC) value bigger than 0.6 were selected and constructed into the final model by running the model for each of the 27 variables. The results of the model validation which was performed based on confusion matrix statistics, showed quite high suitability. Currently P. koraiensis is distributed widely from 300m to 1,200m in altitude and from south to north as a result of national greening project in 1970s although major populations are found in elevated and northern area. The results of this study were successful in showing the current distribution of P. koraiensis and projecting their future changes. Future model for P. koraiensis suggest large areas predicted under current climate conditions may be contracted by 2090s showing dramatic habitat loss. Considering the increasing status of atmospheric $CO_2$ and air temperature in Korea, P. koraiensis seems to experience the significant decrease of potential distribution range in the future. The final model in this study may be used to identify climate change impacts on distribution of P. koraiensis in Korea, and a deeper understanding of its correlation may be helpful when planning afforestation strategies.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.717-724
• /
• 2011

The objectives of this study were to analyze environment in the forest and growth characteristics for investigating the characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in a Pinus thunbergii forest at the coast. As a result of analyzing inhibitory factors of Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in a Pinus thunbergii forest at the coast, it is considered that the salt level included in a sea wind is supposed to be the primary factor of the slow growth for Robinia pseudoacacia since brown leaves, wilting and early leaf fall have appeared in the 0m spot from the artificial dune which has the high salt level. However, the soil properties and light environment hardly have a effect on the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia because there is no difference among planting places. Also, the growth ring of the horizontal root in 2year individuals 0.1~0.2m away from the dune have been formed for 1 year only as a consequence of analyzing growth rings of Robinia pseudoacacia growing on the coast. It can be infered that the nourishment of the horizontal root from individuals growing on the coast have been provided for the first 1 year only. It is estimated that, in case of the nearby areas on the coast, it is not enough to provided nourishment to the horizontal root due to obstructing the growth of new individuals by a sea wind, so the growth of the horizontal root would be hampered. Therefore, it is considered that impedient Robinia pseudoacacia distribution in a Pinus thunbergii forest at the coast is caused by making no growth of new horizontal roots and newborn individuals.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.565-577
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors influencing the decline and the patterns of changes in Abies nephrolepis populations on Mt. Seorak. We installed permanent quadrats in the areas of the Gwittagicheongbong (peak), Gwanmoneungseon (ridge), and the Seorak Falls and have monitored the community structure, population dynamics, radial growth, and vitality in the quadrats since 2009. Excluding the Seorak Falls, the three research sites showed a three-layer structure in which the low-tree layer forms the canopy. Major tree species were Khingan fir, Korean arborvitae, Mongolian oak, Erman's birch, and Korean maple. The significance of Khingan fir in Seorak Falls decreased from 45.3% in 2009 to 36.8% in 2018. The number of shoots ($DBH{\geq}5cm$) was highest at 1,800 individuals/ha and 1,700 individuals/ha at the Gwittagicheongbong 2 and the Gwanmoneungseon, respectively. The mortality rates over the past 10 years were very high, at 38.3% and 35.3%, respectively, in the Gwittagicheongbong 1 and Seorak Falls. The most stable inverse J-shaped distribution in the Gwittagicheongbong 1 area was shown in the size-frequency distribution of the Khingan fir populations. The average annual ring growth of the Khingan fir was 0.96 ~ 1.73 mm/year, and the ring growth tended to decrease in the areas of Gwittagicheongbong 1, Gwanmoneungseon, and Seorak Falls, where the vitality was low. If the monitoring process continues, it will be possible to obtain basic data for the conservation and management of subalpine vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.424-436
• /
• 2007

In this paper, it was discussed situations and necessities of conservation management strategy for the woody plants resources in Jeju Island. Out of 320 taxa of the woody plants distributed in Jeju, there were 62 families, 136 genus, 279 species, 28 varieties and 13 forma. Conifers, gymnosperms, were 3 families, 5 genus and 7 species as holding 2.2% of total woody plants. Broad leaves, angiosperms, were 59 families, 131 genus, 272 species, 28 varieties and 13 forma that were 313 taxa. Evergreens were 84 taxa consisting of 31 families, 45 genus, 72 species, 7 varieties and 5 forma that make up 26.8% out of total angiosperms. Deciduous were 229 taxa(73.2%) consisting of 42 families, 93 genus, 200 species, 21 varieties and 8 forma that were 122 trees(38.1%), 177 shrubs(55.1%) and 21 vine plants(6.8%). Life form spectra by dormancy, disseminule, radicoid and growth form were analysed. Thirty eight taxa including 17 families, 21 genus, 14 species and 16 varieties out of 320 taxa growing Jeju were endemic to Korea and 22 taxa of them were endemic to Jeju. The specific plant species among the woody plants in Jeju were 10 taxa in V grade, 24 taxa in IV grade and 53 taxa in III grade. These are correspondence to those of nations as 12% of V grade, 7.6% of IV grade and 17.2% of III grade.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.836-841
• /
• 2012

Distributions and growth of submerged plants with water level were investigated in a flood control reservoir around Dongbok Lake. In adddition, the total amount of biomass and uptakes of plants per unit area ($m^2$) in the flood control reservoir were investigated. The total vegetation area was $156,871m^2$ in the Dongbok flood control reservoir ($209,160m^2$) before flooding. By July 11, the Dongbok flood control reservoir was flooded during rainy season except for upper area. Dominant plants were CRXDM (Carex dimorpholepis Steud), ECHCF (Echinochloa crusgalli), POLHY (Polygonum hydropiper L) and BROTE (Bromus tectorum L) which occupied 75% of the flood control reservoir. The total amounts of organic matter uptakes per unit area ($m^2$) with distribution rates by CRXDM, ECHCF, POLHY and BROTE under different submerged plants were 65.5, 6.8, 7.0 and 13.0%, respectively. The total amount of nitrogen uptakes per unit area ($m^2$) with distribution rates at different submerged plants were in the order of CRXDM ($1.30g\;m^{-2}$) > POLHY ($0.34g\;m^{-2}$) > BROTE ($0.30g\;m^{-2}$) > ECHCF ($0.25g\;m^{-2}$). The total amounts of phosphorus uptakes per unit area ($m^2$) with distribution rates at different submerged plants were great in the order of CRXDM (51.8%) > BROTE (17.7%) > POLHY (10.3%) > ECHCF (9.6%). Thus, the results of this study suggest that O.M, T-N and T-P by submerged plants in Dongbok Lake were strongly influenced at water quality in flood control reservoir.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.41-51
• /
• 1991

This study was conducted to determine the effect of 20 years long term fertilizations on the physical and chemical properties of paddy soil and the growth, yield, yield components and grain development of rice. Non-fertilized, PK, NK, NP, NPK, NPK + compost, NPK+straw and NPK+lime have been applied since 1968 after surface paddy soil was removed. NPK+compost and NPK+straw applications increased the content of organic matter, available P and CEC, and lime increased soil acidity and SiO$_2$ content. While chemical contents in non-fertilized treatment were low as compared with other treatments. Soil porosity was higher in NPK+straw (51.4%) and NPK+lime(53.1%) than in NPK application (49.8%). Soil hardness was highest in the NPK application and was lowest in the NPK + lime. Continuous application of straw with NPK markedly increased the content of aggregate with over 1mm(19.6%) as compared with NPK application (7.1%). Plant height, tiller number, root number, leaf area index and total dry weight were higher in the applications of compost, straw and lime with NPK than in any other treatments. Brown rice yield in non-fertilized, PK and NP applications was decreased 45, 55, 15 and 5% of that in NPK application, respectively, while application of compost, straw and lime with NPK increased the yield by 11, 14 and 4%, respectively, during 20 years. The number of differentiated rachis branchs in the application of compost, straw and lime was 17 to 21 and that in the other application was 13 to 15, whereas the degenerated rachis branchs was low in the application of compost, straw and lime with NPK. The applications having higher level of perfect rice grain such as non-fertilized, NPK+compost, NPK+straw and NPK+lime had high grain weight and had low level of white core rice, white belly rice. The white core and belly rice was highest in the NP application and notched belly rice kernel was markedly increased in NK and NP applications. The period of grain filling was 30 DAH at NP and NPK applications, 35 DAH at NK and NPK+lime, 40DAH at NPK+compost and NPK+ straw, and 45DAH at non-fertilized, respectively.