• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1983

${\beta}$-Glucuronidase from bull seminal plasma was partially purified by $(NH_4)_2SO_4$fractionation, two successive DEAE-cellulose columns, isoelectric focusing (pH 4 to 6) and Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Only one form of ${\beta}$-glucuronidase was obtained by isoelectric focusing at pH 5.13. Highly purified ${\beta}$-glucuronidase had specific activity of 34 units/mg protein and showed one major and some minor contaminants by disc gelk electrophoresis. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 5.2 and at $48^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was completely inhibited by 1,4 saccharo-${\alpha}$-lactone (5 mM). Albumin and 0.15 M NaCl increased the ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity. Km of ${\beta}$-glucuronidase using phenolphthalein mono-${\beta}$-glucuronic acid as substrate was 2.9 mM and Vmax was $0.8{\mu}$mole/min. The enzyme appeared to be a glycoprotein by its binding to concanvalin·A. Rabbit and human sperm-acrosomal extracts and seminal plasma showed high ${\beta}$-glucuronidase activity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2007

A thymoma commonly occurs in the superior mediastinum or the upper part of the anterior mediastinum but can be located in other places in rare cases. Cystic degeneration in a thymoma is a relatively common but focal event. In rare cases, the process proceeds to the extent that most if not all of the lesion becomes cystic. We report a case of a patient with a paracardial cystic thymoma in the lower aspect of the anterior mediastinum. A 49-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a mass discovered incidentally on a chest X-ray. She showed no symptoms or signs. Contrast-enhanced chest CT scan revealed a $5{\times}5cm$ sized, well-marginated, right paracardial cystic mass with a curvilinear and oval enhancing solid portion. A Surgical resection was performed. The mass was discontinuous with normal thymic tissue. Microscopy revealed a type B1 thymoma with prominent foci of medullary differentiation according to the WHO classification. There was no capsular or local invasion. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged in good health.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-188
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• 2003

Frequencies of each size class, annual change of tuber state and above ground/belowground rate in sect. Pes-gallinaceua group of Corydalis (Fumariaceae) were studied to clarify spring ephemeral´s growth characteristics from 1999 to 2000 in Namhansansung area. Shoot grew from the tuber corresponding with soil thawing in the early growth season, and the deeper tuber was located in soil, the later shoot germinated. Shoot appeared in middle March and died early in May, and the period of total growth season was 45 days. Frequencies were 40% (in total dry weight) or 53% (in tuber´ dry weight) in the smallest size class, and 93% (in total dry weight) or 96% (in tuber´ dry weight) below medium size, therefore, almost all of plants were small. Specific gravity of tuber (SGT) gradually decreased from late growth season to the time that leaf unfolded in next year. At this time, the value of SGT was 0.14. Thereafter, SGT increased to 0.42 at withering time of aboveground part. During growth season, the SGT of flowering plants was lower than that of non-flowering plants. And SGT difference between flowering plants and non-flowering plants was significant at 1% level. In the late growth season, SGT decreased along the increase of tuber volume. The tuber volume roughly increased along the leaf area but there was no a conspicuous trend. Shoot/tuber rate had nothing to do with tuber volume. SGT decreased and leaf area increased along the tuber dry weight, and tendencies of increase or decrease were conspicuous. Therefore, the smaller the plants were, the larger organic matter accumulated in tuber during a growth season. Shoot/tuber rates were various along each plant.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2010

This study was conducted to overcome the deliciousness by sex reversal in hemp plants. When female plants grown under long day length condition were transferred to short day length condition in 3th and 6th leaf stage, a few male flowers were formed and the gap of flowering days between sex reversed male and normal female flowers were around 10 days and 3 days, respectively. Although the flowering amounts were small, this short gaps of flowering days were enough for artificial pollination. When female plants grown under long day length condition were transferred to short day length condition just after treatment of silver nitrate in the vegetative stage, a great amount of male flower was formed and the gap of flowering days between sex reversed male and normal female flowers were only 1 to 3 days. The increased sex reversed male flowers and induced short gap of flowering days were adequate for natural wind pollination. When female seeds were cultivated, seed yield was 141 kg/10a, while it was 96 kg/10a when normal seeds cultivated.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.253-267
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• 1998

'Maek(麥)' which means a barley at present is used as a general name of the kinds of 'Maek(麥)' including barley, what, rye, and so on. However 'Maek(麥)' had meant a wheat when the letter of 'Maek(麥)' had been created at the beginning. And gradually 'Maek(麥)' has been used as a word for the both meaning of a wheat and barley, and now a days become a word only for the meaning of a barley. Therefore 'Mo-Maek' should be translated into 'a wheat and barley', although it is translated into only a barley. In Korea, according to 'Nong-ga-wol-ryung(農家月令)' of Ko, Sang-un(高尙顔) in 1619, the vernalization had been utilized practically 300 years earlier than the Western countries. It is based on a concept of the oriental medicine that a 'Maek(麥)' of the spring seedtime, which keeps the only warmth('Won-yeol-ji-ki(溫熱之氣) (陽氣)' during the growth period in spring-summer time, has less vigorous than a 'Maek(麥)' of the autumn seedtime, which keeps the cold, hot, warmth equally 'Yeol-won-yang-han-ji-ki(溫熱凉寒之氣) (陽氣+陰氣)' during the growth period in the four seasons. If a autumn seedtime barley but which is actually not sowed on time in autumn season is sowed in the spring after the treatment of cold condition (陰氣 autumn-winter condition) artificially, it would be avoided from the abnormal phenomenon that a barley could not come to fruition in case of non-treated seed. Thus as a result of this the agricultural productivity has been able to be improved. An barley is recommended as a food for Um-chung-ji-ki(陰淸之氣) to be served as Bo-myung-ji-ju(保命之主) to be Soyangin. And a wheat which is used as an ingredient of bread because of its expanding feature is a suitable food for Ho-san-ji-ki(呼散之氣) to be served as Bo-myung-ji-ju(保命之主)to the Taeumin.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.449-470
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• 1984

The cercaria of Bacciger herengulae which is parasitized on the gonad of Solen strictus was investigated in order to reveal its entire life history. The area covered for the study was in the vicinity sea of Naechodo, the estuary of the Kum river in the western coast of Korea during the period of 1980-1983. Morphology and development as well as infection rates of sporocyst and cercaria within Solen strictus were examined. For accomplishing the objectives of this study, an artificial infection experiment and some investigations on the second intermediate host, the final host and the growing stages were also studied in both laboratory and natural habitat of Solen strictus. According to the study, it was revealed that the first intermediate hosts were Meretrix lusoria, Solen strictus, Tapes japonica and Laternula limicola, the second intermediate host was Palaemon (Exopalaemon) carinicauda and the final hosts were Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi. A mature sporocyst which was found in the gonad of Solen strictus was $4.0-4.3{\times}0.2-0.21\;mm$ insize, and the cercaia with 27 pairs of setae, each seta consisting of 6 tufts, was $270{\times}147{\mu}m$ in body size and $550{\times}52{\mu}m$ in tail size. Oral sucker($52{\times}42{\mu}m$), pharynx, vental sucker and two testese were obviously seen within the cercaria. The excretory vesicles of cercaria were in V-shape and the flame cell were formula was expressed as 2[(3+3)+(3+3)]=24. The infection of cercaria in the first intermediate host, Solen strictus, was found throughout the year regardlless of the water temperature, and its mean infection rate was $9.67\%$ during the study period. The infection rate fluctuated with temperature, the highest being $28.0\%\;at\;28.0^{\circ}C$ water temperature in July and the lowest $2.4\%\;at\;19.5^{\circ}C$ in October, and it increased in proportion to the shell length on the host. But cercaria was not detected at below 4.0 cm in size of the host. Mature cercariae were found 6 months from May to October when water temperature was above $19.5^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, when water temperature was below $19.5^{\circ}C$, only immature cercariae and sporocysts were found. The cercariae were active for 35 hours and survived for 71 hours at $20^{\circ}C$, and 29 and 34 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ respectively, whereas the cercariae were inactive at less than $20^{\circ}C$ in water temperature. Cercaria, from Solen strictus, approached shrimp of 1-3 cm in body length as its second host. Then, it began to intrude in to the muscle of shrimp after 2-3 hours. The infected cercaria formed cyst after 7-8 hours, and became mature metacercaria. $420{\times}310{\mu}m$ in size, 15 days afer infection. The infection rate of metaceria to shrimp in the laboratory was highest, at $25^{\circ}C$ being $61\%$ and at $20^{\circ}C\;17%$. The infection rate of metacearia in shrimp was highest in the first abdominal segment, followed by cephalothorax, the second, and fifth abdominal segments, and in that order. Also, the infection rate of metacercaria in wild shrimp was high $9.6-11.1\%$ at $26.5^{\circ}C$ in June, and low $1.56-2.5\%$ at $28-29.5^{\circ}C$ from July to August. The infected shrimp with metacercaria was experimentally fed to Konosirus punctatus in the laboratory in order to know its final host. The metacercaria developed into the adult worm, $440-520{\times}310-360{\mu}m$ in size, within the intestine of Konosirus punctatus 20 days after infection. The adult worm was oval shape and $20-24{\times}11-20{\mu}m$ in size. The infection rate of adult worm to Konosirus punctatus and Harengula zunasi ranged 87.3 to $100\%$, the mean being $95.2\%$, regardless of the body length of their hosts. The infection rate was $100\%$ in June and July, but it decreased in September and October. The size and body structure of the trematode observed during the present study were well agreed with those ievestigated by Yamaguti(1938), thus, it may be concluded that the adult worm it identified as Bacciger harengulae.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.13-47
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• 1975

Among the many species of bamboo, it is well known that the dwarf-type is widely distributed in the tropical regions, and the slender type in temperated zone. In the temperated zone the trees have extensively differentiated into one hundred species in 50 genera. In many oriental countries, the bamboo wood is being used as a material for construction and for the manufacture of technical instruments. The bamboo shoot is also regarded as a good and delicious edible resource. Moreover, recent medical investigation verifies that the sap of certain species of the bamboo is an antibiotic effect against cancer. Fortunately, it is very easy to propagate the bamboo trees by using cutting from southeastern Asian countries. This important resource can further be used as a significant source of pulp, which is becoming increasingly important. The classification system of this significant resource has not been completely established to date, even though its importance has been emphasized. Initiated by Canlevon Linne in the 18th century, a classification method concerning the morphological characteristics of flowers was the first step in developing a classification. But it was not an easy task to accomplish, because this type of classification system is based on the sexual organs in bamboo trees. Because the bamboo has a long life cycle of 60-120 years and classification according to this method was very difficult as the materials for the classification are not abundant and some species have changed, even though many references related to the morphological classification of bamboo trees are available nowadays. So, the certification of bamboo trees according to the morphological classification system is not reasonable for us. Consequently, the classification system of bamboo trees on the basis of endomorphological characteristics was initiated by Chinese-born Liese. And classification method based on the morphological characteristics of the vascular bundle was developed by Grosser. These classification methods are fundamentally related to Holltum's classification method, which stressed the morphology of the ovary. The author investigated to re-establish a new classification method based on the vascular sheath. Twenty-six species in 11 genera which originated from Formosa where used in the study. The results obtained from the investigation were somewhat coordinated with those of Crosser. Many difficulties were found in distinguishing the species of Bambusa and Dendrocalamus. These two species were critically differentiated under the new classification system, which is based on the existence of a separated vascular bundle sheath in the bamboo. According to these results, it is recommended that Babusa divided into two groups by placing it into either subspecies or the lower categories. This recommendation is supported by the observation that the evolutional pattern of the bamboo thunk which is from outward to inward. It is also supported by the viewpoint that the fundamental hypothesis in evolution is from simple to complex. There remained many problems to be solved through more critical examination by comparing the results to those of the classification based on the sexual organs method. The author observed the figure of the cross-sectional area of vascular trunk of bamboo tree and compared the results with those of Grosser and Liese, i.e. A, $B_1$, $B_2$, C, and D groups in classification. Group A and $B_2$ were in accordance with the results of those scholars, while group D showed many differences, Grosser and Liese divided bamboo into "g" type and "h" type according to the vascular bundle type; and they included Dendrocalamus and Bambusa in Group D without considering the type of vascular bundle sheath. However, the results obtained by the author showed that Dendrocalamus and Bambusa are differentiated from each other. By considering another group, "i" identified according to the existence of separated vascular bundle sheath. Bambusa showed to have a separated vascular bundle sheath while Dendrocalamus does not have a separated vascular bundle sheath. Moreover, Bambusa showed peculiar characteristics in the figure of vascular development, i.e., one with an inward vascular bundle sheath and the other with a bivascular bundle sheath (inward and outward). In conclusion, the bamboo species used in this experiment were classified in group D, without any separated vascular bundle sheath, and in group E, with a vascular bundle sheath. Group E was divided into two groups, i.e., and group $E_1$, with bivascular sheath, and group $E_2$, with only an inward vascular sheath. Therefore, the Bambusa in group D as described by Grosser and Liese was included in group E. Dendrocalamus seemed to be the middle group between group $E_l$ and group $E_2$ under this classification system which is summarized as follows: Phyllostachys-type: Group A - Phyllostachys, Chymonobambus, Arundinaria, Pseudosasa, Pleioblastus, Yashania Pome-type: Group $B_2$ - Schizostachyum, Melocanna Hemp-type: Group D - Dendrocalamu Bambu-type: Group $E_1$ - Bambusa ghi.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.9-27
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• 1994

This study is to analyze of senile disease status and the social problem according to increased old ages, and then to find distributions of old man's diseases and health status efficiency of oriental-occidental contemporary health examination. And it is the first oriental-occidental contemporary health examination of old man performed by JeonJu Woosuk University Oriental Medicine Hospital and Woosuk-Clinic in nation. Methods The objects in this research are 641's old man of KimJe Gun's over 60's years performed medical examination at JeonJu Woosuk University Oriental- Mmedicine-Hospital and Woosuk-Clinic by oriental-occidental medical contemporary exam., from 1994, 24th June till 1994. 13th July. The 1st occident medical examination methods were consisted of chest x-ray check. blood and urine exam., measurement of blood pressure, visual power and audiometry. The Oriental medical examination methods were consisted of four diagnostics (望,聞,問,切), present illness. chief complaint, past history, families history, social history by question and SA Sang constitution test index. The results and conclusions The results and conclusions are the next: 1. In order of distribution. the athletic disease (75.8%),the digestive disease(43.4%), the circulatory disease(41.5%), the respiratory disease(22.3%), EENT disease(8.1%), the endocrinopathy(5.6%), and the genito-urinary disease(5.3%) are the results of the object about 641's old man, by the oriental-occidental medicine's contemporay exam. 2. Distribution of disease distiction are lumbago. gastritis and peptic ulcer. knee joint pain. heart disease. hypertension. chronic bronchitis. asthma. anemia. DM. Tbc. visual disturbance. CVA. etc in order. 3. Disease distribution according to age is almost high incident in 60-75years. Disease incidence is decreased except E.E.N.T disease in over 76years. 4. The relationships of disease and family history are: the 25.0% of CVA pts. has family history and the 11.6% of hypertension pts has family history. so they showed high relative family history. In addition the 5.6% of TBC pts. and the 2.6% of DM pts. have family history. 5. The relationships of disease and drinking are: Drinking proportion is the 36.4% in respiratory disease pts. the 34.7% in hypertension pts. the 33.3% in heart disease pts.. the 28.4% in digestive disease pts.. but because of no surveying drinking amount we can't know the absolut relationships of disease and drinking. 6. The relationships of Disease and smoking are: Smoking proportion is the 44.1% in respiratory disease pts.. the 38.0% in Heart disease pts.. the 29.8% in Hypertension pts.. but because of no surveying of smoking amount. we can't know the absolut relationships of disease and smoking. 7. Distribution of Sasang constitution is : Tae-eum-in 44.8%. So-yang-in 30.7%. So-eum-in 24.6%. Tae-yang-in 0.0%. And disease distribution of Sasang constitution distinction is ; Tae-eum-in has high incidence of circulation disease(50.0%) and respiratory disease(23.1%).So-yang-in has high incidence of athletics disease(77.7%) and EENT disease(12.2%), So-eum-in has high incidence of digestive disease(65.8%). 8. Distribution of abnormal result in occidental medical examination and oriental-occidental contemporal exam result is considerably different. This is the reason of needing oriental medicine exam, for characteristics of Senile. I think that the oriental-occidental contemporary examination in old man is much more effecient than only occident medical examination. This oriental-occidental contemporary examination has many defects because it is the first practice. To participate in the public health program efficiently. I think that we must improve lots of problems and present the model of the oriental-occidental contemporary examination and the project of oriental medicine's for public health.