• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2007

Biosorption is considered to be a promising alternative to replace the present methods for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater. In this study, sewage sludge was used as a biosorbent which could be one of the cheapest and most abundant biomaterials. The objective of this work is to develop a surface-modified biosorbent with enhanced sorption capacity and binding affinity. The FT-IR and potentiometric titration studies revealed that carboxyl, phosphateand amine groups played a role in binding of dye molecules. The binding sites for reactive dye Reactive Red 4 (RR 4) were identified to be amino groups present in the biomass. In this work, based on the biosorption mechanism, the performance of biosorbentcould be enhanced by the removal of inhibitory carboxyl groups from the biomass for practical application of the biosorbents. As a result, the maximum capacity of biomass was increased up to 130% and 210% of the increment of sorption capacity at pH 2 and 4, respectively. Therefore, chemically modified sewage sludge can be used as an effective and low-cost biosorbent for the removal of dyes from industrial discharges.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.427-434
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• 2009

Indigenous bacterium which shows a tolerance to high metal toxicity was isolated from soil concomitantly contaminated with oil and heavy metals. The characteristics of the bacterium for Pb and Cd biosorption was investigated under the various experimental conditions such as bacterial growth phase, the initial metal concentration, the input biomass amount, temperature and pH. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm modeling was described to know the capacity and intensity of biosorption. The low initial concentration of heavy metals and high biomass has a maximum heavy metal removal efficiency, but biosorption capacity of Pb and Cd has different values. Biosorption efficiency was highest in the end of the microbial growth stage and under pH 5~9 condition, but was less affected by temperature variation of 25~$35^{\circ}C$. The maximum biosorption capacity for Pb and Cd was 62.11 and 192.31 mg/g, respectively and each $R^2$ was calculated as 0.71 and 0.98 by applying Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. Biosorption for Cd was considered as monomolecular adsorption to single layer on the surface of cells, whereas biosorption for Pb was considered as accumulation process into the cell by the microbial metabolism and precipitation reaction with anion of bacteria.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.116-118
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• 2005

강화된 배출수 허용 농도를 만족시키기고 염색폐수의 적정 처리를 위하여 두 가지 생물학적 처리방법을 거친 처리수에 입상활성탄을 적용하여 흡착의 적용성과 흡착의 강도, 경제적인 실용가능성을 알아보기 위해 Batch 실험을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 활성탄을 흡착공정에 적용하기 전에 수행되는 흡착능력을 평가하는 등온흡착실험을 수행한 결과 대상폐수 I ,II과 활성탄의 흡착능력은 Langmuir isotherm을 적용하여 표현하는 것이 가장 적합하다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.252-256
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• 2005

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by brown sea weeds (Hizikia fusiformis, Laminaria, and Undaria pinnatifida) was 80-96% for lead, cadmium, chromium and copper ions. Fifty percent of the adsorption was completed in 4 min. The uptake of lead and cadmium ions followed Langmuir adsorption. In the adsorption experiments using single and multi metal ions 80-95% of metal ions were removed, and the removal efficiency was the best for lead ion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.5 s.174
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• pp.579-585
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• 2005

Cheap and environmental sound biosorbent was made for the adsorption of arsenate using an waste activated sludge. The biosorbents were methylated in 9hours and 24 hours respectively for the better adsorption of arsenate. The amount adsorbed of arsenate(V) increased with increasing methylation time. The specific arsenate adsorption was 0.06mmol As(V)/g biomass when the biosorbent was methylated in 24 hours. The methylated biosorbents were also studied with pH 5, 7 and 9. The pH of the solution affect the amount of adsorption of arsenate of the biosorbent even though it was methylated. The specific arsenate adsorption of the biosorbent at pH 5 was best and it was three times greater than the amount of arsenate adsorbed at pH 9.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 1998

It was investigated the biosorption performances of copper by the immobilized biomass of nonliving marine brown alge h. fusiformis by each of the Ca-alginate method(Ca-ALG), Ba-alginate method(Ba-ALG), polyethylene glycol method(PEG), and carrageenan method (CARR). The copper removal performance increased but the copper uptake decreased as the biomass amount was increased. However, the copper uptake by the immobilized biomass increased with increasing initial copper concentration. The copper uptake by the immobilized biomass of the immobilization method decreased in the following sequence; Ca-ALG>Ba-ALG>PEG>CARR among the immoblization emthods. The copper uptake by the immobilized biomass followed the Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.48-54
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• 2009

Resent research on heavy metal biosorption has been focused on its mechanisms and principles. For effective metal removal/recoverythe process design has to be optimized for every type of application. That is most efficiently carried out based on computer simulations by means of mathematical models of the process. Therefore, the study on sorption equilibrium isotherm is important and the methodology wassummarized here involving both one metal and multi-metal systems.

• Proceedings of the KSEEG Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.34-36
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.16-21
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• 2011

Immobilization of biosorbent is very important for application to real wastewater treatment process because biosorbent itself does not have enough tough structure. Therefore, resent research on heavy metal biosorption using biomass has been focused on its efficient immobilization method. To improve the mechanical strength of freely biosorbent, many immobilization methods have been suggested for applications to the biosorbent such as microorganisms or polysaccharides. In this study, various immobilization methods such as adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, encapsulation, and crosslinking will be introduced.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.336-340
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• 1993

Zoogloea ramigera 115, well known type of bacteria to produce slime in sewage plants, was selected for biopolymer production. The extracted biopolymer showed high uptake capacity of metals such as cadmium and zinc. Especially the fermentor broth itself showed high adsorption of metal and could be used a biosorbent without an additional separation process. Biopolymer was immobilized into beads of calcium alginate and used in a packed bed reactor for the purpose of valued metals recovery. The biopolymer showed high removal efficiencies of 80% or greater for Cu, Cd, Mn and Zn, and high stability in sorption-desorption-resorption experiments. The immobilized biopolymer systems were found to be comparable to other metal removal systems such as ion exchange resins and to be of potential industrial application value.