• Title/Summary/Keyword: 생물농약

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Current state of nationally secured or researched beneficial microorganisms for developing environment-friendly agriculture practice and exploration of alternative indication for sustaining freshness (친환경 농업을 위한 농업 분야 유용미생물 확보·연구 현황 및 이에 따른 농산물 선도관리 방안 탐색)

  • Park, Jong Myong;Park, Jong-Han;You, Young-Hyun
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.1-22
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    • 2016
  • In this study, the securing state of nationally indicated beneficial microbial resources was evaluated in an aspect of bio-diversity using their taxonomical information. Depending on the analysis result with the Margalef's richness or the Mehinick's index which are representative bio-diversity analytical indices, species diversity values was revealed as 8.537, 3.546 within bacterial resources, 3.349, 2.167 within fungal resources. Several developed or researched beneficial strains and spoilage microbes showed relative taxonomical relationship with comparation of their biological information. As a result, we propose the necessity or countermeasure method for preventing the microbial spoilage with the overhauling consideration of advanced research on agricultural microbiology covering crop endophyte beneficial/spoilage microorganisms.

Management of the Development of Insecticide Resistance by Sensible Use of Insecticide, Operational Methods (실행방식 측면에서 살충제의 신중한 사용에 의한 저항성 발달의 관리)

  • Chung, Bu-Keun;Park, Chung-Gyoo
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.123-158
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    • 2009
  • An attempt was made to stimulate future research by providing exemplary information, which would integrate published knowledge to solve specific pest problem caused by resistance. This review was directed to find a way for delaying resistance development with consideration of chemical(s) nature, of mixture, rotation, or mosaics, and of insecticide(s) compatible with the biological agents in integrated pest management (IPM). The application frequency, related to the resistance development, was influenced by insecticide activity from potentiation, residual period, and the vulnerability to resistance development of chemical, with secondary pest. Chemical affected feeding, locomotion, flight, mating, and predator avoidance. Insecticides with negative cross-resistance by the difference of target sites and mode of action would be adapted to mixture, rotation and mosaic. Mixtures for delaying resistance depend on each component killing very high percentage of the insects, considering allele dominance, cross-resistance, and immigration and fitness disadvantage. Potential disadvantages associated with mixtures include disruption of biological control, resistance in secondary pests, selecting very resistant population, and extending cross-resistance range. The rotation would use insecticides in high and low doses, or with different metabolic mechanisms. Mosaic apply insecticides to the different sectors of a grid for highly mobile insects, spray unrelated insecticides to sedentary aphids in different areas, or mix plots of insecticide-treated and untreated rows. On the evolution of pest resistance, selectivity and resistance of parasitoids and predator decreased the number of generations in which pesticide treatment is required and they could be complementary to refuges from pesticides To enhance the viability of parasitoids, the terms on the insecticides selectivity and factors affecting to the selectivity in field were examined. For establishment of resistant parasitoid, migration, survivorship, refuge, alternative pesticides were considered. To use parasitoids under the pressure of pesticides, resistant or tolerant parasitoids were tested, collected, and/or selected. A parasitoid parasitized more successfully in the susceptible host than the resistant. Factors affecting to selective toxicity of predator are mixing mineral oil, application method, insecticide contaminated prey, trait of individual insecticide, sub-lethal doses, and the developmental stage of predators. To improve the predator/prey ratio in field, application time, method, and formulation of pesticide, reducing dose rate, using mulches and weeds, multicropping and managing of surroundings are suggested. Plant resistance, predator activity, selective insect growth regulator, and alternative prey positively contributed to the increase of the ratio. Using selective insecticides or insecticide resistant predator controlled its phytophagous prey mites, kept them below an economic level, increased yield, and reduced the spray number and fruits damaged.

Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limit(PHRL) of Insecticide Chlorfenapyr and Fungicide Fenarimol during Cultivation of Chwinamul(Aster scaber) (취나물의 재배기간 중 살충제 Chlorfenapyr와 살균제 Fenarimol의 생산단계 농약잔류허용기준의 설정)

  • Lim, Jong-Sung;Hong, Ji-Hyung;Lee, Cho-Rong;Han, Kook-Tak;Lee, Yu-Ri;Lee, Kyu-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 2011
  • BACKGROUND: This study was performed to investigate pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL) in Chwinamul, to estimate biological half-life for residue of each pesticide. Chwinamul was sprayed with pesticides of standard and double application rate. Chlorfenapyr and fenarimol were sprayed once on Chwinamul at 10 days before harvest, and it was sampled 7 times and analysed the residual change of two pesticides. METHODS AND RESULTS: Chwinamul sample was extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane, and pesticide residues were determined with GCECD. Method quantitation limit (MQL) of chlorfenapyr was 0.10 mg/kg and that of fenarimol was 0.02 mg/kg. Recoveries of chlorfenapyr at two fortification levels of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg were 94.2±94.2±1.70 and 99.0±1.61, respectively. Recoveries of fenarimol at two fortification levels of 0.2 and 1.0 mg/kg were 92.1±2.14 and 83.1±1.98, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): The biological half-lives of chlorfenapyr were about 3.5 days at standard application rate, and 3.4 days at double application rate. The biological half-lives of fenarimol were about 6.0 days at standard application rate, and 5.9 days at double application rate. The PHRLs of chlorfenapyr were recommended as 13.02 and 6.25 mg/kg for 10 and 5 days before harvest, respectively. And the PHRLs of fenarimol were recommended as 2.80 and 1.67 mg/kg for 10 and 5 days before harvest, respectively.

Characterization of Biopesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis) Produced in Korea (국내에서 생산된 Bacillus thuringiensis 살충제의 특성)

  • Kil, Mi-Ra;Kim, Da-A;Choi, Su-Yeon;Paek, Seung-Kyoung;Kim, Jin-Su;Jin, Da-Yong;Hwang, In-Chon;Yu, Yong-Man
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 2007
  • Characteristics of the 5 biopesticides that included Bacillus thuringiensis and on the domestic markets were investigated. These products were contained different strains of B. thuringiensis, for examples; product A and E was B. thuringiensis subsp aizawai; product B was B. thuringiensis; product C was B. thuringiensis Berline var. kurstaki; product D was B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki. Number of active spores were counted because they could influence the bio-activity against target pests. Only product C are contained the fixed quantity as its label, however, product D and E were a tenth part, and product A and B were a hundredth part of their descriptions. The pHs of product A and B were measured 3.67 and 3.73, and C, D and E were 5, respectively. Typical bypyramidal crystals produced from B. thuringiensis was found in only product C under a phase contrast microscope. For the uniform formulation of products that conformed whether B. thuringiensis were equally spreaded on the crops, B. thuringiensis in the C, D and E were equally grown on the nutrient agar medium As a results, product A were more different from product C than any other products. When product A and C were bioassayed against different larval stages of diamondback moth, their mortalities with spraying application were showed 100% after 48 hours.

Biodegradation of Recalcitrant Chlorinated Aromatic Compounds via Microbial Dechlorination (미생물의 탈염소화 작용에 의한 난분해성 염화방향족 오염물질의 분해)

  • 채종찬;김치경
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.129-138
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    • 1999
  • Chlorinated aromatic compounds are one of the largest groups of environmental pollutants as a result of world-wide distribution by using them as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, solvents, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, plasticizers, and intermediates for chemical synthesis. Because of their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation, the compounds contaminated ubiquitously in the biosphere has attracted public concerns in terms of serious influences to wild lives and a human being, such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and disturbance in endocrine systems. The biological recalcitrance of the compounds is caused by the number, type, and position of the chlorine substituents as well as by their aromatic structures. In general, the carbon-halogen bonds increase the recalcitrance by increasing electronegativity of the substituent, so that the dechlorination of the compounds is focused as an important mechanism for biodegradation of chlorinated aromatics, along with the cleavage of aromatic rings. The removal of the chlorine substituents has been known as a key step for degradation of chlorinated aromatic compounds under aerobic condition. This can occur as an initial step via oxygenolytic, reductive, and hydrolytic mechanisms. The studies on the biochemistry and genetics about microbial dechlorination give us the potential informations for microbial degradation of xenobiotics contaminated in natural microcosms. Such investigations might provide biotechnological approaches to solve the environmental contamination, such as designing effective bioremediation systems using genetically engineered microorganisms.

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Cultural Characteristics and Mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefacien subsp. plantarum CC110 for Biological Control of Cucumber Downy Mildew (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CC110균주의 오이 노균병 발생 억제기작 및 배양적 특성)

  • Lee, Sang Yeob;Weon, Hang Yeon;Kim, Jeong Jun;Han, Ji Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.428-434
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    • 2013
  • An isolate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum CC110 was selected as an effective antagonist for biological control of cucumber downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Temperature range for growth of CC110 isolate was 7.555.0C, and its optimal temperature at 36.6C. pH range for growth of CC110 isolate was 4.5~9.5, and its optimal pH at 7.0. In this study, the most effective sources of carbon and nitrogen for growth of CC110 isolate were fructose and yeast extract, respectively. The volatile of CC110 isolate was found to be effective to control downy mildew on cucumber showing no diseased area whereas that of control was 13.2% using the I plate bioassay. The culture broth and cells of isolate CC110 cultured in TSB media for 48 hours at 28C inhibited occurrence of cucumber downy mildew. The cells and culture broth were transformed into sporangia of P. cubensis by in observation under light microscope and scanning electron microscope.

Characteristics and Virulence Assay of Entomopathogenic Fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the Microbial Control of Spodoptera exigua (파밤나방의 생물적 방제를 위한 곤충병원성 곰팡이 Metarhizium anisopliae의 특성 및 병원성 검정)

  • Han, Ji Hee;Kim, Hyeonggyeong;Leem, Hun Tae;Kim, Jeong Jun;Lee, SangYeob
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.454-459
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    • 2013
  • Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua is difficult to control using chemical insecticides because of the fast development of insecticide resistance. For eco-friendly beet armyworm managements, various control agents are required. Entomopathogenic fungus is one of the promise control agents as an alternative to chemical control agent. We isolated entomopathogenic fungi from soil samples of Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do by insect-bait method using Tenebio molitor and conducted bioassay to larva of beet armyworm. The result of bioassay, a selected strain FT83 showed 100% mortality against third instar larva of S. exigua. On the basis of morphological characteristics and analysis of 18srRNA sequence for ITS, the strain FT83 was identified as a Metarhizium anisopliae. The mortality of beet armyworm showed 81.6±9.3 at 1×106 conidia/ml, 100% at 1×107 conidia/ml and 100% at 1×108 conidia/ml respectively. Therefore, we recommend to proper control efficacy against S. exigua in which more than 1×107 conidia/ml suspension of M. anisopliae FT83.

Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of Imidazolidinetrionylsaccharin Derivatives (Imidazolidinetrionylsaccharin 유도체의 합성 및 활성평가)

  • Jung, Dai-Il;Kim, Yun-Young;Kim, Young-Hwan;Lee, Do-Hun;Lee, Gi-Hye;Shin, Yeo-Ju;Kim, Yun-Hye;Byun, Suk-In;Han, Jung-Tae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.54-58
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    • 2003
  • 1-Methyl-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ6-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones 5a, 1-ethy1-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-lλ6/-benzo[d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones 5b 1-phenyl-3-(1,1,3-trioxo-1,3-dihydro-1λ6-benzo [d]isothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidine-2,4,5-triones 5c were obtained by means of 4 reaction steps involved the reaction of 1-methyl-urea and oxalyl chloride. Biological tests(Plant Response Screening Result, Insect Primary Screening Result and Fungicide Primary Screening Result) of synthesized sacccarin derivatives were executed.

Dissipation Pattern of a Fungicide Mandipropamid in Korean Cabbage at Different Harvest Times under Greenhouse Conditions (시설재배 엇갈이배추 중 살균제 Mandipropamid의 수확시기별 잔류 특성)

  • Choung, Myoung-Gun;Ahn, Kyung-Geun;Kim, Gi-Ppeum;Hwang, Young-Sun;Kwon, Chan-Hyeok;Kang, In-Kyu;Lee, Young Deuk
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.644-654
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    • 2016
  • Supervised residue trials for mandipropamid in Korean cabbage(Brassica campestris L.) were conducted to establish its pre-harvest residue limit (PHRL), a criterion to ensure the safety of the terminal pesticide residue during cabbage production. Tissues of Korean cabbage were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after mandipropamid application and subjected to residue analysis. The analytical method was validated by recoveries ranging from 88.2-92.2% at two levels (0.4 and 2.0mgkg1), and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.04mgkg1. Mandipropamid residues in Korean cabbage gradually decreased over time. The dissipation rate of the residue would be affected by intrinsic degradation of the compound along with dilution resulting from the fast growth of Korean cabbage. The decay pattern was well fitted by simple first-order kinetics. Biological half-lives of mandipropamid in Korean cabbage ranged from 3.9-4.0 days in two field conditions. Calculated by the regression curve of mandipropamid dissipation, the PHRLs of mandipropamid in Korean cabbage were recommended as 11.07-12.19 and 5.766.05mgkg1 for 10 and 5 days prior to harvest, respectively.

Fates of Cyfluthrin and Trichlorfon in Water and Their Impacts on Aquatic Organisms Following Aerial Application Over the Forest (삼림환경에 항공살포된 Cyfluthrin과 Trichlorfon의 물에서의 동태와 수서생물에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Sung-Kyu;Kim, Yong-Hwa;Kim, Tae-Wook;Roh, Jung-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.17-29
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    • 1989
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the behavior in the water and the impact on aquatic organisms following aerial application of two insecticides in the forest, cyfluthrin and trichlorfon, to control the alder leaf beetle. As active ingredients, 25g of cyfluthrin and 536g of trichlorfon per ha were diluted seperately into 30L of tap water, and applied with a helicopter to the study areas. A model stream study was also conducted in a stream located adjacent to the study area in order to confirm the impact of insecticides on aquatic invertebrates. Cyfluthrin residues in water were 0.62μg/L (1st. application) and 78μg/L (2nd application) immediately after spraying. and decreased, to a non-detectable level after one day, while trichlorfon residue increased to 30.7μg/L one day after spraying and fluctuated for 22th day depending on precipitation after spraying. Cyfluthrin application rapidly increased the number of some drifting aquatic invertebrates during 24-hour period immediately after spraying, but had no effects on the other aquatic organisms such as fish and zooplankton. The largest increase in the number of drifting organisms following application of cyfluthrin was shown by Ephemeroptera, and followed by Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. However, trichlorfon little affected the number of drifting aquatic invertebrates and zooplankton population.

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