• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of dietary supplements of probiotics, illite, active carbon and hardwood vinegar on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid composition in finishing pigs. One hundred fifty pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$; $32.3{\pm}1.3 kg$ average initial body weight) were used in a 100 day experiment. Pigs were randomly placed into five experimental feeding groups (control, 0.2% probiotics, 1.0% illite, 1.0% active carbon and 1.0% hardwood vinegar) and were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg live weight. There was a slight, but insignificant increase in average daily body weight gain and feed intake among all treatment groups. Feed conversion was reduced when probiotics were added (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the carcass rate and back fat thickness among the all treatment groups including controls. However, the frequency rate of grade A increased in the groups fed 1.0% active carbon and hard- wood vinegar compared to controls. Stearic acid content was lower in the groups fed probiotics illite active carbon and hardwood vinegar (p<0.05). Oleic acid contents were higher only in the groups fed 1.0% active carbon and hardwood vinegar (p<0.05).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2007

We investigated the effects of dietary supplements such as probiotics, illite, active carbon and hardwood vinegar on growth performance and meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. One hundred fifty pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$; $32.3{\pm}1.3 kg$ average initial body weight) were used for a 100 day experiment. Pigs were randomly placed into one of five experimented diet groups (control, 0.2% probiotics, 1.0% illite, 1.0% active carbon, and 1.0% hardwood vinegar) and were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg live weight. The addition of 1.0% active carbon and hardwood vinegar caused a decrease in free water while, WHC (water holding capacity) was higher compared with controls. Drip loss in hog flesh was decreased by feeding probiotics, illite, active carbon and hardwood vinegar. Cooking loss was decreased when hogs were fed hardwood vinegar. Lightness ($L^*$) and redness ($a^*$) were no difference between the all treatment groups, yellowness ($b^*$) was higher when feeding active carbon and hardwood vinegar by 1.0%. When hogs were fed hardwood vinegar, drip loss was decreased, and meat color was higher in sensory evaluation of fresh meat. In cooked hog meat, meat color and juiciness were higher in hogs fed hardwood vinegar. These results showed that supplementing hog diets with 1.0% hardwood vinegar may noticeably improve the meat quality of finishing hogs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.790-794
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• 2004

Bifidobacterium spp. exhibits the highest number of counts among species of microflora in breast-feeding infant intestines and has been used as probiotics. From infant groups with different diets, 42 Bifidobacterial strains were isolated by selective plate, Gram-staining, and morphology using method of Mitsuoka, among which seven isolates were identified as Bifidobacterium spp. by F6PPK test, MIDI, and PCR. B. bifidum PBH-30, selected for development of probiotics, showed high resistance against low pH and oxgall treatment, and inhibition against pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. B. bifidum PBH-30 could be applicable to dairy products as probiotic strains due to its excellent growth in raw milk.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.90-98
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• 2018

Eggshell (ES) is a by-product of table eggs with high content of calcium carbonate which can be used as a calcium source in feed. In this study, we have first illuminated the potential application of ES as a novel carrier for probiotics. The carriers used in the study include a SBM (Soybean meal), ESL (Eggshell powder with large particles), ESF (Eggshell powder with fine particles), and the complex carriers (SBM+ESL, SBM+ESF). The structure of carriers absorbed by L. plantarum was confirmed by SEM image. Among these carriers, the complex carrier SBM+ESF showed the highest viability of L. plantarum with pH 7~8 during four weeks storage at room temperature. The SBM+ESF was further tested as a carrier for various probiotic strains at $4^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. All the probiotic strains showed high viability at $4^{\circ}C$ storage. However, a significant reduction of Lactobacillus cells was observed at $30^{\circ}C$ storage. B. lichenifomis maintained high viability whereas B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and S. cerevisiae showed the reduction of $2{\log}_{10}$ (CFU/g). These results suggest that if the ESF as a calcium source in feed was mixed with SBM, it can be used as an effective complex carrier for improving the viability of some probiotics including B. licheniformis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.164-168
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• 2005

복합생균제를 급여하지 않은 대조구, 복합생균제 KBC1144 0.1% 급여구(T1), YC2000 0.1% + KBC1144 0.1% 급여구(T2)로 실험한 결과 일반성분에서 수분과 조회분은 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 조단백질은 T2 처리구가 가장 높았고, 조지방은 T2 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, pH는 대조구가 처리구들에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 보수력은 대조구가 가장 높고, T1 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 콜레스테롤 함량은 처리 간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나 두 가지 미생물제재를 활용한 T2 처리구가 가장 낮은 경향이었다. T2 처리구가 육색의 적색도는 높고, 지방색의 명도는 높고 황색도는 낮았다. 조직감은 T1 처리구가 높고, T2 처리구가 낮았으며 가열육의 관능검사에서 다즙성은 처리구들이 대조구보다 높았다. 필수지방산인 리놀산과 아라키돈산은 T1 처리구가 다른 두 구에 비하여 높게 나타났고, 불포화지방산, 필수지방산 및 필수지방산/불포화지방산 비율은 T1 처리구가 가장 높고 T2 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타났으며 아미노산 함량은 T2 처리구가 다른 두 구에 비하여 높았다. 종합적으로 두 복합미생물제재를 혼합 사용한 T2 처리구가 무항생제 돈육 생산을 가능하게 하였으며, 육질 특성면에서도 가장 좋은 결과였다.

• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.70
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

충청북도가 AI청정지역을 유지한 비결은 한발 앞선 적극적인 방역행정 추진이 가장 큰 원인으로 작용했다. 200년과 2002년 구제역, 2003년 AI 발생을 극복한 경험으로 실용적인 방역시스템 훈련을 강화하는 한편, 2004년 이후 청정지역을 달성할 수 있었던 것은 꾸준하게 친환경축산물 생산기반 구축을 위해 무항생제 면역증강 물질 및 가공장 지원(90억원)과 친환경축산 시설장비 지원(111억원), 생균제 및 가축분뇨자원화 사업(200억원) 지원과 양축농가와 행저이관이 함께 유기적인 협조체제를 유지하면서 사전 방역활동을 한 결과다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2007

Lactobacillus fermentum YL-3 was encapsulated to increase acid tolerance and its total viability. After micro-encapsulation of L. fermentum YL-3 cells with sodium alginate and soybean oil, the morphology of the microcapsule was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after staining with pyronin Y and fluorescein isothiocyanate. The sizes of the microcapsules were 120-126 ${\mu}m$, 444-486 ${\mu}m$ and 401-463 ${\mu}m$ when manufactured at pH 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The microcapsule could hold live cells of L. fermentum YL-3 up to $1.2{\times}10^{7}$, $8.1{\times}10^{7}$ and $1.1{\times}10^{8}$ CFU/mL at pH 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The acid tolerance and preservative ability of L. fermentum YL-3 in microcapsule and macrocapsule at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ were tested. L. fermentum YL-3 cells were evenly located in the alginate capsule matrix structure and the firmness of microcapsule was highest at pH 2. Micro-encapsulation showed the most effective acid tolerance at pH 2.0 and preservation of viability at $4^{\circ}C$. However, at $25^{\circ}C$, the macrocapsules showed more effective cell protection than the microcapsules. The application range for microcapsules could be wider than for macrocapsules in the food industry.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.529-536
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• 2003

A total of 72 finishing pigs(L${\times}$Y${\times}$D; 80kg of initial body weight) were employed for 5 weeks to investigate the effects of feeding mushroom substrate waste(MSW) treated with pleurotus ostreatus and probiotics on productivity, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility and emissions of harmful gases and malodor in manure. Treatments were Control(C: basal diet), T1(3% MSW) and T2(3% MSW+ 0.1% probiotics). Average daily gain(ADG) was lower(p<0.05) in pigs fed a T1 diet than those fed a C diet, however, there was no difference in ADG of pigs fed diets between C and T2. Similar trends were found in feed/gain(F/G) among treatments, though feed intake was not different. No differences were found in back fat thickness among treatments, but carcass dressing percentage was significantly(p<0.05) improved in pigs fed a T2 diet compared to C or T1 diets. Nutrient digestibilities including dry matter, crude protein, energy and crude fiber were lower(p<0.05) in T1 than C or T2. $NH_3$ and $H_2S$ gas emissions were reduced(p<0.05) or not produced in pig manure from T2 as compared to C or T1. In conclusion, the present result shows that feeding MSW with probiotics is desirable for finishing pigs in terms of productivity, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility. It also appears that the emission of harmful gases and malodor in manure can be reduced by the inclusion of probiotics in the diet.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.406-410
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• 2003

For selection of lactic acid bacteria for probiotics, we have examined isolated strains from Korean Dongchimi to assess the acid, bile, and pancreatic tolerance and the growth inhibition on the pathogens. Especially, a kind of isolated strains, FF-3 showed the highest resistancy to both of HCl and bile salt, as well as the highest inhibitory activities against Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Further the bacteriocin of FF-3 showed relatively wide range of inhibition spectrum against gram positive and some gram negative bacterias. By using 16s rDNA sequencing method, FF-3 of the selected lactic acid bacteria were found to be identified as genus Lactobacillus.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.409-410
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• 2014

사료첨가제는 배합사료에 첨가되어 소화력 향상, 병원균 저감, 지방 대사 개선, 항산화 효과, 독성 물질 제거 등의 효과를 나타내며, 종류에는 보존제, 아미노산제, 비타민제, 생균제, 효소제 등이 있다. 국내외 시장성장률을 보면 각각 5.1%, 3.5%를 나타내며, 국내시장은 해외시장의 약 2%를 차지한다. 사료첨가제는 소득 수준과, 육류 소비량, 애완 동물 수요 증가에 영향을 받는 산업이며, 해외 주요 업체들은 합병과 통합을 통해 관련 사업을 수직/수평 계열화하고 있다. 기술적인 흐름을 살펴보면, 천연 추출물에 의한 제품 개발, 저가 제품, 복합 기능성 맞춤형 첨가제 등의 니즈에 따라 관련 제품의 기술 개발이 활발히 이루어지고 있다.