• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.277-285
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the influential relationship between the type of dental treatment and the dental fear of teens in a bid to seek ways of relieving adolescents of dental anxiety and fear. The subjects were teenaged students in South Gyeongsang Province. After a survey was conducted for eight days from December 2 to 9, 2009, the answer sheets from 420 students were analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: When a correlation analysis was employed to look for connections between dental treatment experiences and dental fear, the components of dental treatment experiences had a significant correlation to those of dental fear. As a result of making a regression analysis, overall dental fear was under the significant influence of prosthodontic treatment experiences, and avoidance of dentistry was significantly affected by conservative treatment experiences. Oral and maxillofacial treatment experiences had a significant impact on physiologic response, and dental stimulus was significantly affected by prosthodontic treatment experiences. Therefore dental institutions should direct their efforts into the development of manuals geared toward different types of treatment and different patients in order for adolescents to receive dental treatment without any anxiety or fear, to get a regular dental checkup, to receive more preventive treatment, to promote their oral health and ultimately to lead a healthy life.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.53
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• pp.131-163
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• 2017

We were already thrown into the modern by the Japanese before reflecting the relevance of modernization and acceptance, and the value of the modern was postponed. The late period of Chosun, people sank into a state of torpor and traditional culture and ideology has caused people to have a negative perception of modern times.Modern times, however, are defined in the relative concept of tradition and modernity in the history of modern times. In order to understand the modern era and its origin, it is necessary to look squarely at the face of modernity. Failure of modern times is a failure of traditional succession.So, if we analyze the causes of the failure of the traditional heritage, why can't we see some of the reasons why we perceive it as a failure? In this thesis, it seeks to understand the diverse views of the traditional elites of the journal and the newspaper, which are published in the traditional education of the journal, and are looking at a variety of views. Moreover, we should seek to explore the traditional elements of the new tradition by discussing the aspects of the educational problems caused by the cause of the accidental break and the educational problems caused by its results.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.605-634
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate families' responses and attitudes and the experiences of Korean LGBT individuals after revealing their sexual identity and sexual orientation and to determine how families' attitudes affected the mental health of these individuals. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were performed with 12 male and female LGBT participants, ranging from 19-30 years of age, who resided in Seoul and metropolitan areas, and reported coming out to or being outed by their families. One-to-one interviews were carried out using semi-structured questions, and the data from the interviews were analyzed using consensual qualitative research (CQR). Most of the families had very negative responses and attitudes to the participants coming out and exhibited rejection or avoidant attitudes; only a few of the families responded with receptive attitudes. As a result, the LGBT participants reacted with friction and coping behaviors, such as persuasion, participation in professional counseling, abandonment or avoidance, and running away from home. Most of the effects of the families' attitudes on the participants were negative psychological effects, such as anger, sadness, a sense of alienation, depression, anxiety, fear, trauma, helplessness, lowered self-esteem, alcohol dependence, and suicidal ideation and attempt, while receptive attitudes provided a sense of stability. For all participants, they reported that they were more likely to be hurt by their families' negative attitudes than by social attitudes. This study is significant because it provides framework for specifying families' attitudes and LGBT individuals' experiences after coming out in Korean society. It also outlines LGBT individuals' coping behaviors, psychological difficulties, and the process of coming out and provides suggestions for individuals to overcome. The results are expected to help counselors create practical strategies to better understand LGBT individuals and the psychological difficulties they may experience and provide proper interventions while counseling both the individual and the family.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.32
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• pp.17-29
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to investigate the dosimetric impact of mixed energy partial arc technique on prostate cancer VMAT. Materials and Methods: This study involved prostate only patients planned with 70Gy in 30 fractions to the planning target volume (PTV). Femoral heads, Bladder and Rectum were considered as oragan at risk (OARs). For this study, mixed energy partial arcs (MEPA) were generated with gantry angle set to 180°~230°, 310°~50° for 6MV arc and 130°~50°, 310°~230° for 15MV arc. Each arc set the avoidance sector which is gantry angle 230°~310°, 50°~130° at first arc and 50°~310° at second arc. After that, two plans were summed and were analyzed the dosimetry parameter of each structure such as Maximum dose, Mean dose, D2%, Homogeneity index (HI) and Conformity Index (CI) for PTV and Maximum dose, Mean dose, V70Gy, V50Gy, V30Gy, and V20Gy for OARs and Monitor Unit (MU) with 6MV 1 ARC, 6MV, 10MV, 15MV 2 ARC plan. Results: In MEPA, the maximum dose, mean dose and D2% were lower than 6MV 1 ARC plan(p<0.0005). However, the average difference of maximum dose was 0.24%, 0.39%, 0.60% (p<0.450, 0.321, 0.139) higher than 6MV, 10MV, 15MV 2 ARC plan, respectively and D2% was 0.42%, 0.49%, 0.59% (p<0.073, 0.087, 0.033) higher than compared plans. The average difference of mean dose was 0.09% lower than 10MV 2 ARC plan, but it is 0.27%, 0.12% (p<0.184, 0.521) higher than 6MV 2 ARC, 15MV 2 ARC plan, respectively. HI was 0.064±0.006 which is the lowest value (p<0.005, 0.357, 0.273, 0.801) among the all plans. For CI, there was no significant differences which were 1.12±0.038 in MEPA, 1.12±0.036, 1.11±0.024, 1.11±0.030, 1.12±0.027 in 6MV 1 ARC, 6MV, 10MV, 15MV 2 ARC, respectively. MEPA produced significantly lower rectum dose. Especially, V70Gy, V50Gy, V30Gy, V20Gy were 3.40, 16.79, 37.86, 48.09 that were lower than other plans. For bladder dose, V30Gy, V20Gy were lower than other plans. However, the mean dose of both femoral head were 9.69±2.93, 9.88±2.5 which were 2.8Gy~3.28Gy higher than other plans. The mean MU of MEPA were 19.53% lower than 6MV 1 ARC, 5.7% lower than 10MV 2 ARC respectively. Conclusion: This study for prostate radiotherapy demonstrated that a choice of MEPA VMAT has the potential to minimize doses to OARs and improve homogeneity to PTV at the expense of a moderate increase in maximum and mean dose to the femoral heads.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.142-150
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the attitude of Korean HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-positive men toward death. Methods: A Q-methodology was performed with 20 HIV-positive male individuals. Participants were asked to select and answer questions among a set of 40 Q-statements using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using the PC QUANL program. Results: Participants' attitudes toward death were categorized into four types. Type I was characterized by respect for life, type II by reality orientation, type III by pain evasion and type IV religious beliefs. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an assessment tool and an intervention program for HIV-positive individuals.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1992

A method analizing contact pressure between plate and elastic half space is presented by using F.E.M. With the method, the pressure intensities at surface nodes of half space cae be directly calculated by using flexibility matrix of half space. The method is originally presented by Y.K. Cheung et al.(3) Insted of Y.K. Cheung's method, which use a conception of equi-contact pressure area around each surface nodes of half space in the noded rectanqular element area. We use the equi-contact pressure area around the Gaussian integration points of half space surface in the noded isoparametric element area. Numarical examples are presented and compared with other's studies.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.141-167
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라보다 앞서 실시하고 있는 일본의 산업 클러스터 계획 프로젝트의 거시적인 현황과 가장 성공적이라고 하는 TAMA클러스터의 사례를 분석하여 향후 우리나라 클러스터 정책 시행에 필요한 시사점을 얻는데 있다. 특히 TAMA클러스터의 성공은 이를 직접 관리하고 있는 민간차원의 중개조직인 TAMA산업활성화협회의 운영전략을 집중적으로 분석하여 봄으로써 도입 가능성에 대한 진단과 정책적 제안을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 일본의 19개 지역별 산업 클러스터 계획의 공통점은 어느 것도 도도부현의 영역을 초월한 광역적인 클러스터를 형성하고 있다. 광역단위의 집적은 상대적으로 클러스터 계획에 대한 중요성과 실행주체를 망각하기 쉬워 실패할 가능성이 비교적 높을 수 있다 이러한 점을 극복하기 위한 대안으로 산학연의 3주체 간 연계를 주로 담당하는 민간중심의 중개조직을 두어 운영하고 있다. 둘째, 클러스터 정책기간은 시작에서 자립까지 20년을 상정하고, 제1기 5년간은 산업 클러스터 네트워크 구축기, 제2기 5년은 산업 클러스터 성장기 그리고 마지막 제3기 10년은 산업 클러스터의 자율적 발전기로서 책정되어 수행하는 것이 바람직하다고 보고 있다. 셋째, 개별적인 산업 클러스터의 비전, 목표, 중장기 전략의 올바른 수립이 필요한데 백화점식이 아닌 대상산업 및 대상 주체에 대한 선택과 집중의 전략성이 엿보인다. 넷째, 정책 대상의 범위는 연구개발에서 판매에 이르기까지 전 비즈니스 프로세스를 대상으로 하고 있으며 클러스터 관련 정책수행 주체들의 정책조율, 중복 투자의 회피 그리고 효과적인 정책을 시행하기 위하여 수평적인 연락망과 협의체를 구성하고 있다. 다섯째, TAMA협회는 전통적인 동종 산업중심의 협회 기능과는 달리 제품개발형 중소$\cdot$중견기업을 대상으로 신기술개발과 신사업 전개를 위한 전략적 지원을 하고 있다. 비교적 개별적인 기술개발 능력은 물론 독자적인 마케팅 능력을 갖고 있어 일반적인 보호 대상자로서의 중소기업과는 차원이 다르며 기존의 하청관계라는 수직적 의존적인 존재가 아니라 세계적으로 니치 시장에서 경쟁력을 가지고 있는 대기업과 대등한 입장의 우량기업이라는 것이 특징이다. 여섯째, 지금까지는 기업을 지원하는 각 기관들이 각각 독자적으로 운영하여 경영자원의 분산과 이용으로 수혜자인 중견$\cdot$중소기업의 입장은 물론 지방자치단체 및 중앙정부의 차원에서 분석하여 볼 경우 경영자원의 Critical Mass를 확보하기 어려웠다. TAMA협회는 네트워크 조직으로서 주로 소프트적인 지원을 통하여 원활하게 수행하고 있음. 정보와 네트워크만을 가지고 조직간 관계를 중개하는 가벼운 네트워크 조직으로서 운영하는 방법은 한국의 경우에도 적용이 가능하며 매우 유용하다고 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1979

The present study was attempted to find out the effects of different fertilizer levels on the process and pattern of blast epidemic of Milyang 23 which is a variety belong to Tongil-line of rice and very susceptible to new races of the blast fungus. The results obtained from the study are as follows. In general, the plant become more susceptible to blast with increase of fertilizers applied and there is a close relationship between the incidence of blast and levels of fertilizer. Such a relationship appears more clearly in case of the incidence of leaf blast while it is not so clear in case of the incidence of node blast and neck blast. In spite of low level of fertilizer, both of node and neck blast occur considerably and the difference compared with that of high level of fertilizer is not so great. Therefore, the disease escaping in the node or the neck of panicle by regulation of fertilizer level may be impossible. And also forecasting of the neck blast by estimate of the incidence of leaf blast is very difficult because of discontinuity of the incidence of blast on the leaf and the node.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.113
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• pp.15-31
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• 2005

최근 미국의 법원은 담합을 입증하려는 시도를 주로 경제적 증거에 입각하여 분석하는 추세를 보여 왔다. 하지만 담합의 존재를 입증하는데 있어서 경제분석의 역할에도 많은 이견이 날카롭게 표출되었다. 담합의 존재에 관한 경제적 증거를 분석하는 데에 있어 유일한 합리적 근거는 최신과점이론(Modern oligopoly theory)이다. 그런데 증인으로 나선 많은 경제학자들과 법원이 최신과점이론에 자신들의 분석을 뚜렷이 기초하지 않았기 때문에, 판례법의 현 상태가 불만족스럽다고 주장하는 것이 본 논문의 핵심적 내용이다. 셔먼법 제1조는 ''계약, 결합, 공모(contract, combination, or conspiracy)에 의해 초래되는 거래(즉 경쟁)의 불합리한 제한을 규제''하는데, 이러한 계약 결합, 공모의''용어들은 합의라는 하나의 개념으로 통합하여 이해''할 수 있다. 제 1조는 다수의 당사자가 ''단일한 목적, 공통된 의도와 의견의 일치, 혹은 의사의 합치(Meeting of minds)'', 즉 ''공통된 계획에 대한 의식적 참가(consious commitment to a common scheme)''를 합의한 모든 협약을 규제한다. 셔먼법 제 1조 위반을 입증하기 위해서는 일치된 행동이 합의 하에서 일어났음을 입증해야 한다. 미국 법원은 합의를 추론할 수 있는 증거력 있는 정황증거(admissible circumstantial evidence)의 원칙을 확립하였다. 독점가격에 가까운 수준의 과점가격 설정은 ''조정되었다(coordinated)''라고 칭해지는데, 이는 ''구두 합의''와 ''암묵적 합의''의 두 가지 형태로 나뉜다. 한편, 일회게임 과점 모형과 반복게임 모형은 과점이론의 핵심을 이룬다. 과점에 대한 Chamberlin의 견해는 본래 게임과 Stigler의 모형은 그와 같은 생각의 오류를 가르쳤다. 그러나 판례법은, Petroleum products antitrust litigation사건과 reserve supply사건에서 볼 수 있듯이 종종 그러한 교훈을 망각했다. 최신과정이론과 판례를 종합해 보면, 합의의 존재에 관해 경제학자가 이끌어내는 추론과 법원이 이끌어내는 추론을 포괄하는 다음의 네 가지 일반적 원칙이 도출된다. 1. 합의가 추론되기 위해서는 상호의존성을 넘는 무언가가 먼저 제시되어야 한다. 2. 합의의 존재는 일회게임 과점 모형에서의 비협조적 내쉬균형과 일치하는 행동으로부터는 추론될 수 없다. 3. 합의의 존재는, 비록 무한반복 과점게임에서의 비협조적 내쉬균형(혹은 Chamberlin-Fellner식의 과점)과 일치하더라도, 일회게임 과점 모형에서의 비협조적 내쉬균형과 일치하지 않는 행동으로부터 추론될 수 있다. 4. 증거는 구두합의의 존재를 뒷받침해야만 한다. 이러한 원칙에서 얻을 수 있는 가장 중요한 교훈은, 합의가 존재하지 않을 경우 과점상황으로부터는 독점가격이 예상될 수 없다는 사실을 법원이 인식하는 것만으로도 합의의 추론에서 범하기 쉬운 가장 큰 오류를 회피할 수 있다는 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1983

In the Steering and Sailing Rules of International Regulations for Preventing Collicions at Sea, 1972, any relative distance between two vessels necessary for taking action to avoid collision in head-on situation is not referred. In this paper, the author analyzed the ship's collision avoiding actions from a viewpoint of ship motions and worked out mathematical formulas to calculate the relative distances necessary for collision avoiding actions. Figuring out the values of maneuvering indices through experiments of actual ships, the author applied these values to the calculationg formulas and calculated the minimum safe relative distances. On the assumption that two vessels same in size and condition are approaching each other in head-on situation, the minimum safe relative distance was calculated as 5.0 times, sufficient safe relative one as 10.0 times their own length.