• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.8C
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• pp.651-660
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• 2010

In this paper, we implement an efficient histogram-based prefiltering to compensate the illumination mismatches in regions between neighboring views. In multi-view video, such illumination disharmony can primarily occur on account of different camera location and orientation and an imperfect camera calibration. This discrepancy can cause the performance decrease of multi-view video coding(MVC) algorithm. A histogram matching algorithm can be exploited to make up for these differences in a prefiltering step. Once all camera frames of a multi-view sequence are adjusted to a predefined reference through the histogram matching, the coding efficiency of MVC is improved. However general frames of multi-view video sequence are composed of several regions with different color composition and their histogram distribution which are mutually independent of each other. In addition, the location and depth of these objects from sequeuces captured from different cameras can be different with different frames. Thus we propose a new algorithm which classify a image into several subpartitions by its depth information first and then histogram matching is performed for each region individually. Experimental results show that the compression ratio for the proposed algorithm is improved comparing with the conventional image-based algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1997

Ferroelectric $Pb_5Ge_{3-x}Ti_xO_{11}$(x=0, 0.015, 0.021, 0.03) single crystals were obtained from the melt by the Czochralski method. Grown crystals were pale brownish yellow and fully transparent. The dielectric relaxation of the $Pb_5Ge_{3-x}Ti_xO_{11}$ single crystals has been studied in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 10 MHz between $20^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$. From the results of the these measurements. the temperature of the permittivity maximum was shifted to low temperature with increasing Ti content and the permittivity maximum decreased with increasing Ti content. The frequency dependent dielectric response of $Pb_5Ge_{3-x}Ti_xO_{11}$ single crystals exhibits a Debye type relaxation, with a distribution of relaxation times. Dielectric behavior is characteristic of carrier-dominated response.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.407-415
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• 2009

The change of the nitrogen-related centers and the color change of electron beam irradiated type Ia natural diamonds were studied. The irradiation of diamond with high-energy electron beam creates lattice defects which are neutral single vacancy $V^0$. It increased with increasing electron dose density. The B aggregation seems to produce vacancies more easily than the A aggregation, because diamonds with more B aggregation have more platelets, which are sufficient breakable size by electron beam. Greenish blue color of irradiated diamond is changed to darker with increasing electron dose density. GR1 centers with a zero-phonon line at 741 nm and phonon sidebands make transmit visible light at 530 nm and it moves to 500 nm with higher intensity of GR1 centers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.215-221
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• 2020

Navigation lights used in supersonic aircraft are used to identify the direction and location of the aircraft. The color of the navigation lights and location of installation are defined by aviation law as red for the left wing, green for the right wing, and white for the tail. Navigation lights operate in BRT and DIM modes. BRT is the brightest mode, and DIM is an output with dimmed brightness. Navigation lights serve to prevent aircraft collisions and are very important for stability and location identification. One phenomenon is that the inlet and tail navigation lights flicker abnormally. In this study, fault tree analysis was performed in two stages. The first step was derived from three causal factors, the second step developed five improvements, and the optimal improvement plan was drawn. The navigation lights confirmed that the initial input power was unstable as the main cause of abnormal flickering. As an improved method, the circuit was adjusted to stabilize the initial power, and it was confirmed that flickering did not occur as a result of the tests under the same conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2012

3종 복합소재인 양모와 나일론, 레이온의 염색공정은 먼저 알칼리 욕에서 반응성염료로 레이온을 염색한 후, 산성욕에서 산성염료로 양모와 나일론을 염색하는 것이 일반적이다. 그런데 양모, 나일론, 레이온은 알칼리에 민감하므로 면 염색 시 적용되는 강알칼리인 수산화나트륨을 사용하면 섬유의 취화로 인하여 강도와 촉감저하 등의 문제가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 알칼리 중 탄산나트륨과 중탄산나트륨을 사용하여 염료를 투입하지 않고 염색공정을 거친 후 백도와 인장강도를 측정하여 황변 및 강도 변화 여부를 알아보았다. 레이온 70%, 양모 19%, 나일론 11%의 혼용율을 가지는 전처리 된 편물(130$g/m^2$, 32 inch, 18 gauge)에 탄산나트륨(시약 1급) 20g/l과 중탄산나트륨(시약 1급) 20g/l 각각을 투입하고 반응성염색공정($60^{\circ}C$, 60 min)으로 처리한 경우와 반응성 염색 후 산성염색공정($98^{\circ}C$, 60 min)으로 처리한 경우로 나누어 측색을 통해 백도와 L, a, b값을 측정하고 KS K 0521에 따라 인장강도 시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 탄산나트륨 투입시 백도 값이 중탄산나트륨에 비해 10% 정도 낮아지고 L, a, b값도 상대적으로 yellow 방향으로 이동해 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 황변이 일어남을 의미하며 육안으로 확인하였다. 또한 인장강도 측정결과를 통해 소다회 처리 시 중조에 비해 30% 정도의 강도 저하가 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 반응성염색 후 산성염색을 거치게 되면 황변과 강도 저하 현상이 회복되는 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 천연/나일론 편물을 반응성염색 시 알칼리로 탄산나트륨을 사용하면 염색공정 상에서 중탄산나트륨에 비해 황변이 일어나 염료 고유의 색상 발현에 영향을 줄 수 있고 강도 또한 30% 정도 저하되지만, 후에 산성염색 공정을 거치면 산 조건과 욕중 효과를 통해 일부 개선됨을 확인하였다. 이와 별도로 이번에는 시판되는 반응성염료 5종과 산성염료 3종을 조합하여 탄산나트륨과 중탄산나트륨 투입에 따른 염색실험을 실시하고 측색(DataColor SF600 광원D65, Strength)을 통해 염착량을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 중탄산나트륨으로 염색하면 탄산나트륨에 비해 모두 염착량이 저하되었으며, 염료의 구조적 차이와 컬러별로도 그 차이는 다양하였다. 그 중 저온에너지형 반응성염료는 탄산나트륨 투입에 비해 47~60% 정도로 가장 양호하였으며, 일부 반응성염료는 20%까지 떨어지는 값을 나타내었다. 이것은 탄산나트륨보다 중탄산나트륨의 알칼리 정도가 낮으므로 반응성염료의 염착이 적은 것으로 생각되며, 저에너지형 반응성염료의 경우에는 낮은 온도나 알칼리 조건에서도 상대적으로 높은 고착률을 나타내므로 적절한 반응성염료의 선택을 통해 그 차이를 극복할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과를 통해 탄산나트륨과 중탄산트륨의 알칼리 정도가 강도와 염착량에 미치는 영향의 차이를 고려하여 최적의 현장 처방을 선정해야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.102-109
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• 2014

A particle system is used for modeling the physical phenomenon. There are many traditional ways for simulation modeling which can be well suited for application including the landscapes of branches, clouds, waves, fog, rain, snow and fireworks in the three-dimensional space. In this paper, we present a new fireworks modeling technique for modeling 3D firework based on Firework Particle Tracking (FPT) using the particle system. Our method can track and recognize the launched and exploded particle of fireworks, and extracts relatively accurate 3D positions of the particles using 3D depth values. It can realize 3D simulation by using tracking information such as position, speed, color and life time of the firework particle. We exploit Region of Interest (ROI) for fast particle extraction and the prevention of false particle extraction caused by noise. Moreover, Kalman filter is used to enhance the robustness in launch step. We propose a new fireworks particle tracking method for the efficient tracking of particles by considering maximum moving range and moving direction of particles, and shall show that the 3D speeds of particles can be obtained by finding the rotation angles of fireworks. Also, we carry out the performance evaluation of particle tracking: tracking speed and accuracy for tracking, classification, rotation angle respectively with respect to four types of fireworks: sphere, circle, chrysanthemum and heart.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 2004

This paper proposed the content-based retrieval system as a method for performing image retrieval through the effective feature extraction of the object of significant meaning based on the characteristics of man's visual system. To allow the object region of interest to be primarily detected, the region, being comparatively large size, greatly different from the background color and located in the middle of the image, was judged as the major object with a meaning. To get the original features of the image, the cumulative sum of tile declination difference vector the segment of the object contour had and the signature of the bipartite object were extracted and used in the form of being applied to the rotation of the object and the change of the size after partition of the total length of the object contour of the image into the normalized segment. Starting with this form feature, it was possible to make a retrieval robust to any change in translation, rotation and scaling by combining information on the texture sample, color and eccentricity and measuring the degree of similarity. It responded less sensitively to the phenomenon of distortion of the object feature due to the partial change or damage of the region. Also, the method of imposing a different weight of similarity on the image feature based on the relationship of complexity between measured objects using the fractal dimension by the Boxing-Counting Dimension minimized the wrong retrieval and showed more efficient retrieval rate.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.58-66
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• 2012

Currently many devices reproduce electronic images in the various ways. However, the color that is reproduced in any device is different from the original color due to the differences in the gamut between devices. A recent trend in gamut mapping algorithms is the use of spatial information to compute the color transformation of pixels from the input to the output gamut. However, these techniques share the problem of preserving details, and avoiding halos, and hue shift. In this paper, spatial gamut mapping for preserving the details of the input image is proposed. Our approach improves visibility of detail that is not effectively represented with conventional spatial gamut mapping. In proposed method, initially, we gamut map the input image using gamut clipping and obtain a detail layer for both the input and the gamut mapped images. Next, we calculate the difference between the two detail layers, obtaining the details of the out of gamut region. Finally, we add the details of out of gamut region to the gamut mapped image. Since the resulting image has out of gamut colors, we obtain resulting image of proposed method by using a gamut clipping method. Consequently, the printed output image was more consistent with the corresponding monitor image.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2020

In excavated bronze artifacts, corrosion products of various shapes and colors are observed due to multiple corrosion factors coexisting in the burial environment, and these corrosion products can constitute important data not only in terms of long-term corrosion-related information, but also in connection with preservation of artifacts. As such, scientific analysis is being carried out on the corrosion layer and corrosion products of bronze artifacts, and the corrosion mechanism and the characteristics of corrosion products elucidated, which is essential for interpreting the exposed burial environment and its association with corrosion factors inside the burial environment. In this study, after classifying excavated bronze artifacts according to alloy ratio and fabrication technique, comprehensive analysis of the surface of corrosion artifacts, corrosion layer, and corrosion products was carried out to investigate the corrosion mechanism, formation process of the corrosion layer, and characteristics of corrosion products. The study designated two groups according to alloy ratio and fabrication technique. In Group 1, which involved a Cu-Sn-Pb alloy and had no heat treatment, the surface was rough and external corrosion layers were formed on a part, or both sides, of the inside and the outside, and the surface was observed as being green or blue. α+δ phase selection corrosion was found in the metal and some were found to be concentrated in an empty space with a purity of 95 percent or more after α+δ phase corrosion. The Cu-Sn alloy and heat-treated Group 2 formed a smooth surface with no external corrosion layer, and a dark yellow surface was observed. In addition, no external corrosion layer was observed, unlike Group 1, and α corrosion was found inside the metal. In conclusion, it can be seen that the bronze artifacts excavated from the same site differ in various aspects, including the formation of the corrosion layer, the shape and color of the corrosion products, and the metal ion migration path, depending on the alloy ratio and fabrication technique. They also exhibited different corrosion characteristics in the same material, which means that different forms of corrosion can occur depending on the exposure environment in the burial setting. Therefore, even bronze artifacts excavated from the same site will have different corrosion characteristics depending on alloy ratio, fabrication technique, and exposure environment. The study shows one aspect of corrosion characteristics in specific areas and objects; further study of corrosion mechanisms in accordance with burial conditions will be required through analysis of the corrosive layer and corrosive product characteristics of bronze artifacts from various regions.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the nature of Objective Psyche based on island related case materials. Theoretical background starts with psychological meaning of islands, a kind affective symbol rather than cognitive image, and creation myths as the story of man's awareness of the world; Chaos as archaic identity (unconscious), islands as emergence of the ego from unconscious. In alchemical symbolism, island related to coagulatio, the operation which turns something into earth, the realm of ego. In addition, related parts of Hindu creation myths, Korean giant woman creator Sulmoonde-halmang, and legends of "Relocation of Island/Mountain" will be presented to integrate with case materials. Case A : Starts with a dream of killing a huge dragon and dead body became an island. The dragon in the water was seen as Spirit of Mercurius, the autonomous spirit, connecting of the ego with the Self. The act of killing related to Primeval being which needs to be killed to be transformed. Myths of Eskimo, The Eagle's Gift, the giant woman creator in Korea, and Marduk, the Babylonian hero will be integrated. Case B : Prior to introduce six island images in sand trays, a dream of a giant serpent (python) wound around her body will be presented to portray her situation. By relating Jung's "The Sermons to the Dead," her effort to make the solid island regarded as an act of bringing order out of original oneness (pleroma). Then stresses the importance to coagulate archetypal image Case C : A vignette of active imagination seminar where island image emerged will be described. Her endeavor of focusing on inner image related to the Hindu Creator, Cherokee creation myth, as well as Sulmoonde-halmang. As a motif of growing island, Samoan creation myth, and Legend of Mountain, Mai were incorporated. Colors in her art work regarded as expression of inner need, and importance of expressing inner feeling images as a mean to coagulate volatile emotional and spiritual content. Case D : A dream and art work of terminally ill woman; embracing the tip of the island with gushing up water will be presented. Her island and replenishing water image regard as "an immortal body," corresponds to the Philosophers' Stone for she accepted her death peacefully after the dream. Also related to "The Mercurial Fountain" in Rosarium Philosophorum, and aqua permanence, an allegory of God.