• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2011.06a
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• pp.1439-1440
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1993.07a
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• pp.235-247
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• 1993

이십일세기상해항공운수발전전략연구, 시이 $\ll$진흥상해, 개발포동, 복무전국, 면향세계$\gg$ 적방침작위지도, 병통과이상해포동개방개\ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner장강삼각주지구내지정개장강류역경제발전, 축보사상해발전성위\ulcorner\ulcorner지 구경제, 김융, 무역중심지일작위목표개전전략연구. 상해재아국두\ulcorner\ulcorner의현대화건설진정중점유겁기중요적지위, 저장성위태평양서안최인적 제무역중심지일, 목전, 상해항공운수적현상여기재국민경제중적전략지 위급여세계경제발달국가급지구례여뉴약, 륜돈, 파려, 지가가, 동경, 향항, 신가파등국제대성시상비차거태대, 안통계수거상해1990년항공운수탄토량약시미국뉴약1986년적1.5%, 시향항적10%좌우, 가견상해민\ulcorner\ulcorner수적 발전속도이경한제료상해경제적등비, 한제료포동개방개발급여국내 외정치경제화문화적교류, 위료사상해항공운수여상해적국민경제급사사회 발전상괄응, 대력발전항공운수기박재미첩. 수착상해경제발전, 능원, 원재료적증가, 외향형경제발전급금후궤십년상해인민수입증가화경제결 구조정.고정첨기출적발전급국제교왕적증가. 예측이십일세기상해여객 운수량급화운량장성배증가, 소이탐색일개여상해경제발전전략목표상괄 응적현대화항공교통운수체계, 발혼항공운수특유적우핵시십분필요적. 본연구보고종이하오개방면대상해이십일세기항공운수발전전략진행천술. 일, 개술발전상해항공운수적필요성급긴박성. 이, 상해민용항공운수현상대상해지구주요승운인동방항공공사항선 망, 운력, 기대, 기장현상작료분석,설명상해민항유우운력불족, 기출 장비체후, 자김결, 불능만족상해경제등비발전적수요. 공중교통관제, 통신도항, 기무유수, 항유공응등방면야도불동정도지한 제료항공운수적발전, 필수인기겁대적중시. 삼, 상해항공운수적예측화전망, 통과자료연구급수거분석, 리용수 학모형대이십일세기상해항공운량진행예측, 제출발전상해항공운수적전 략목표급발전중점. 예측2020년 상해항공항총객운탄토량4300만인/년, 화운량달120만돈; 2050년객운량장달18150만인차/년, 화운량518만돈. 사, 발전상해민항기출경제정책, 제출위료$\ll$진흥상해, 개발포동, 복무전국, 면향세계$\gg$ 화도이십일세기중기국민경제달도중등발달국가수 평굉관전략목표적실현, 제료필수재지도사상상파교통운수진정방도전략 산업지위, 환응재관리체제상채취과단유효적개혁조시, 재기출경제정책 상급여대력부지. 오, 전략목표, 위파상해건설성위태평양서안최대적경제, 김융, 무역적중심, 요구상해항공항성위화동지구통향세계각지항선망출발참, 구성대외개방선면축심, 실현국제항선적함접화국내항반적전항, 형성다축심복사식항선망; 가강기장건설, 개피포동제이국제기장건설, 괄응포동개발경제발전적수요.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2015

In order to protect occupant during car crash accident, Regulation and NCAP(New Car assessment Program) have been developed among various countries like U.S.A., Europe, Korea and Australia. Especially NCAP scores affect to sales of vehicles. So vehicle makers are trying to get good score in NCAP. Low leg injuries play an important role in Australia and Euro NCAP and these injuries are related with footrest design. Optimization of footrest design in early stage of vehicle development is necessary to obtain better and robust results of low legs during crash tests. In this paper, DFSS method and finite element model were used to optimize the low leg performance in small RHD vehicles. Compared with the lower leg injury of base model, the lower leg injury of proposed model was slightly improved and robustness was enhanced also.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

NCAP(New Car Assessment Program) makes vehicle manufacturer improve safety performance through free competition and customers guarantee vehicle selection by providing information of vehicle safety. That's why it is important not only to meet the regulation, but also to cope with NCAP. EuroNCAP(European New Car Assessment Program) side tests have conducted by using Progressive MDB and Euro SID II in order to reproduce crash test between two vehicles over 10 years. However various researches report that Progressive MDB and Euro SID II do not reflect evolving vehicle design, impact performance and biofidelity of human. Therefore EuroNCAP has the plan to conduct AE-MDB side crash test using WorldSID which is more evolved from 2015 by replacing Progressive MDB and EuroSID II. Automobile manufacturers need to develop safety performance for new test closely. This paper is to find test set-up parameters which affect into dummy injury instead of restraint system and to research on its tendency. It is processed with mini and small car to know influence as changing vehicle size and also analyzed by DFSS(Design for six sigma) which is one of optimization tools. DFSS is vaildated by simulating CAE with L18 orthogonal array of 6 control factors adjustable as EuroNCAP requirement.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2014

Over the past ten years, since the introduction of the side crash test regulation in Europe, much research work has been performed internationally to develop new and modified test procedures to improve the level of occupant protection offered by vehicles in side crash test. This research has been co-ordinated and finally contributed to development of an AE-MDB(Advanced European Moving Deformable Barrier) and WorldSID (Worldwide Side Impact Dummy). EuroNCAP(European New Car Assessment Program) has the plan to conduct AE-MDB side crash test using WorldSID from 2015 by replacing Progressive MDB and EuroSID II. Automobile manufacturers need to respond to these changes closely. This paper is to find dominant control factor and analyze it of WorldSID 50%ile dummy injury through AE-MDB side crash test by predicting best and worst condition. And control factors will be validated within EuroNCAP regulations. This paper is analyzed by DFSS(Design for six sigma) which contains 5 control factors and is evaluated by ANOVA with the data as a result of LS-DYNA analysis correlated with crash pulse from 50 kph AE-MDB side crash test using WorldSID 50%ile dummy.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.58-76
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• 2019

As the number of reported injuries has tended to increase over time, large hospitalization expenditure from excessive medical treatments and hospitalization, and insurance frauds associated with moral hazard in minor collisions have caused a global societal problem. Many occupants of rear-ended vehicles involved in rear-end collisions complain of whiplash injury, which is also known as neck injury, without any anatomical and radiological evidence. With only clinical symptoms, stating that a whiplash injury is a type of injury defined by the Abbreviated Injury Scale would be difficult. Therefore, this study focuses on minor rear-end collisions, where the rear-ender vehicle collides with the rear-ended vehicle at rest. The mathematics dynamic model is employed to simulate a total of 100 rear-end collision scenarios based on various weights and collision speeds and identify how the weights and speeds of both vehicles influence the risk of whiplash injury in occupants involved in minor rear-end collisions. The possibility of an injury is very high when the same-weight vehicles are involved in accidents at collision speeds of 15 km/h or higher. The possibilities are 36% and 84% with collision speeds of 15 km/h and 20 km/h, respectively, if weights are disregarded.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.12-17
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• 2016

NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) has offered consumers the vehicle safety information on their car since 1978. NHTSA believes that they contribute auto makers to develop safer vehicle for customers, which will result in even lower numbers of deaths and injuries resulting from motor vehicle crashes. NHTSA has been studied why people are still dying in frontal test despite of the use of many restraints system and they understand that current test does not reflect real world crash data such as oblique and corner impact test. As a result, NHTSA announced that a new test method will be introduced to use of enhanced biofidelic dummy and new crash avoidance technology evaluation from 2019. New and refined injury criteria will be applied to Head / Neck / Chest / Lower Leg. BrIC(Brain Injury Criterion)value in NHTSA test results using THOR dummy from 2014 to 2015 was average 0.91 and 1.24 in driver and passenger dummies. IIHS 64kph SOF test is the most likely to new frontal oblique test in an aspect of offset impact which is being studied by NHTSA. In this paper, we focused on head injury, especially brain injury - BrIC and conducted IIHS 64kph SOF (Small Offset Front) test with Hybrid III dummy to evaluate the injury for BrIC. Based on the test results, these data can be predicted BrIC level and US NCAP rating with current vehicle.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.751-757
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the needlestick injuries in the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 253 dental hygienists by convenience sampling from December 1, 2014 to March 20, 2015. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions of sociodemographic characteristics, 5 questions of needlestick injuries experience, 3 questions of needlestick injuries during treatment and 2 questions of needlestick handling method. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test and one way ANOVA analysis using SPSS 18.0 statistical program. Results: Those who had needlestick injuries within a year were 150 persons (59.3%) and the mean was 1.28 times per year. The needlestick injuries were frequent in the local anesthetic injection to gum. The completion and removal of the needle injection by hand accidently stung the digits and hand (p<0.01). Conclusions: Needlestick injuries can happen at any time to the dental hygienists in the dental clinics, so it is necessary to handle the needlestick carefully in case of anesthetic injection.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.143-152
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• 2002

European side impact analysis of an electric vehicle was done using the robust design method. In order to minimize VC as well as rib deflection, the injury response table which consists of rib deflection and VC response table has been introduced. The sensitivities and interactions are almost the same when it was compared with those of rib deflection and VC response table. Using internal energy of the factors, the starting time of dummy rib deflection and the contact average velocity, the internal energy and time-velocity response table were introduced. It is shown that the results of the new response tables have the similar characteristics to those of the Injury response table. It is suggested that the internal energy and time-velocity response table should be utilized to minimize injuries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.142-151
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• 1997

In order to reduce passenger injuries in side collisions, car makers are developing a side impact airbag system while Volvo has already adopted. This study examines dummy injury reduction effect of a side airbag system using full car side impact simulation according to FMVSS 214 test procedure. The simulation result without side airbag shows a good correlation with test data. The folded airbag simulation is carried out to check main design factors. Through the simulation with side airbag module integrated in the seat frame, it is found that the side airbag system provides a substantially enhanced protection for car occupants in side collisions.