• Title/Summary/Keyword: 산함량

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Seasonal Variations in the Nutritional Compositions and Heavy Metals in Two Demersal Fish, Liparis tessellatus (Cubed Snailfish) and Hemitripterus villosus (Shaggy Sea Raven) (동해안 저서어 곰치와 풍덕구이의 영양성분 및 중금속의 계절적 변화)

  • Lee, Byung-Yong;Surh, Jeong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.282-290
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    • 2011
  • Two species of demersal fish, Liparis tessellates (cubed snailfish) and Hemitripterus villosus (shaggy sea raven), were investigated in relation to seasonal chemical composition. Total fat contents of the two fish were very low and were not appreciably different throughout the year, whereas their fatty acid compositions were significantly different depending on season. Noticeable changes in the moisture and protein contents in the two fishes were observed before and after spawning. Cubed snailfish showed relatively high amounts of total amino acids and free amino acids during summer months, whereas the levels of those in shaggy sea raven remained relatively unchanged throughout the year. Regardless of season, the major fatty acid of the two fishes was palmitic acid and most of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were n-3 PUFAs. Lead was over the legislative limit in some samples of the two fishes.

Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Loose-leaf Green Tea Commercially Available in Korea (국내 시판 잎차 형태 녹차의 이화학 특성 및 산화방지 활성)

  • Lee, Lan-Sook;Kim, Sang-Hee;Park, Jong-Dae;Kim, Young-Boong;Kim, Young-Chan
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.4
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    • pp.419-424
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    • 2015
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of a variety of commonly consumed commercial green tea. Green tea samples with the same commercial name produced at different regions were analyzed. High-grade tea samples showed higher values of lightness (L) and greenness (-a). Additionally, compared to other varieties of teas, high-grade tea samples showed higher levels of catechin, gallocatechin gallate (GCg), epicatechin gallate (ECg), theanine, and methylxanthines and a lower level of epigallocatechin (EGC). The antioxidant activity of green tea was also investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical assays. High-grade teas were observed to have higher antioxidant activities. The results of this study indicate that the catechin content, such as EGCg, GCg, and ECg levels, was found to positively influence the total antioxidant activity of green tea.

Comparison of Fatty Acid Composition by Fat Extraction Method: Different Parts of Chicken by Cooking Method (조지방 추출 방법에 따른 지방산 조성 비교 및 조리방법을 달리한 닭고기 부위별 지방산 함량 분석)

  • Jeong, Sang Hwa;Shin, Jung Ah;Kim, In Hwan;Kim, Byung Hee;Lee, Jun Soo;Lee, Ki Teak
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.8
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    • pp.1257-1263
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    • 2014
  • Different fat extraction methods such as the Rose-Gottlieb, Folch, and hydrolytic methods were compared in terms of their fatty acid contents of milk powder. Contents of total saturated fatty acids by the Rose-Gottlieb, Folch, and hydrolytic methods were 8.578, 8.302, and 8.711 g/100 g milk powder while contents of total unsaturated fatty acids by the Rose-Gottlieb, Folch, and hydrolytic methods were 11.513, 11.143, and 11.669 g/100 g milk powder, respectively. These results suggest that the hydrolytic method has a similar fatty acid composition as the well-known Rose-Gottlieb method. In uncooked chicken, total fatty acid contents of breast, gamb, and wing were 6.302, 8.313, and 11.346 g/100 g, respectively. Among different cooking methods, frying increased content of total trans fatty acids up to 0.034 (breast), 0.112 (gamb), and 0.123 g/100 g (wing).

Analysis of General Ingredient and Amino Acid Contents in Silkworm Feces with Different Extracting Methods and Collecting Time (추출 방법 및 채취 시기를 달리한 잠분추출물의 일반성분 및 아미노산 함량 분석)

  • Sohn, Bong-Hee;Chung, Wan-Tae;Kang, Pil-Don;Ryu, Kang-Sun;Jung, I-Yeon;Kim, Yong-Soon;Kim, Kee-Young;Kim, Mi-Ja;Chung, In-Sick
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.43-46
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    • 2007
  • Analysis of general ingredients and amino acid content in dried silkworm feces which were extracted with hot water, EtOH, MeOH for developing new income source of rearing farm, seeking high additive value material and industrialization of silkworm feces. In the analysis of general ingredient content by extracting solution, raw protein and ash contents were increased with MeOH, EtOH, hot water. And raw fat showed higher contents by the order of EtOH > MeOH > hot water. The inorganic matter content showed a little difference among collection times of silkworm feces. Hot water was most effective extracting solution for total amino acid, and no significant difference between EtOH and MeOH. According to the time, there were no significant difference in amino acid contents. When extracted with hot water, Glu content was highest content and order of others is Asp > Gly > Ala > Leu > Thr > Ser among 18 amino acids.

The Production of Traditional Alcoholic Beverage in Containing Medicinal Herb (한약재를 첨가한 전통주개발에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Sook;Park, Young-Sook
    • Food Science and Industry
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.83-89
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    • 2007
  • 저온발효와 고온발효에 의하여 만들어진 민속주를 증류하여 알콜돗를 45%로 같이 맞추어 성분함량을 비교하였다. 발효온도에 따른 환원당의 함량을 나타내고 있으며 저온발효 민속주는 15 mg/100 mL, 고온발효 민속주는 5 mg/100 mL로 나타났다. 즉 저온 발효에서 환원당의 양이 많았으며, 그러나 시중에 판매되고 있는 소주보다는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 향기 성분에 생성과정에 영향을 주는 Fusel alcohol을 볼 때 반적으로는 발효액에 아미노산이 없는 것보다는 많을 수록 많은 양의 fusel alcohol을 생성되기는 하지만, fusel alcohol을 생성하기위한 조건은 효모의 종류, 발효조건, 발효온도, 발효액의 조성 등의 복잡한 인자가 관련된다. 본 연구에 제조한 발효주를 소주의 아미노산과 비교할 때 아미노산 함량이 전반적으로 20-100도 낮은 함량치로 나타났다. 한약재 첨가로 인하여 면역증강, 살세포 반응 억제효과, 기능성 전통주로 좋은 발효주로 인정되지만 한약재특유의 강한 향기를 약화시키는 연구가 금후에 보완되어야 한다고 본다. 발효온도에 따른 아미노산의 함량은 저온발효 조미주에서 cysteine, valine, mrthionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine이 많았으며, 고온발효 조미주에서는 serine, glycine, leucine이 많았다. 한 alanine, tyrisine, lysine은 고온발효주에는 있으나, 저온발효주에서는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 저온발효주와 고온 발효주 모두 시중에 판매되고 있는 소주보다는 아주 낮은 경향을 보였다. 저온발효와 고온발효에 의하여 만들어진 민속주를 증류하여 알콜 도수를 45%로 같이 맞추어 성분함량을 비교하였다. 발효온도에 따른 환원당의 함량을 나타내고 있으며 저온발효 민속주는 15 mg/100 mL, 고온발효 민속주는 5 mg/100 mL로 나타났다. 즉 저온 발효에서 환원당의 양이 많았으며, 그러나 시중에 판매되고 있는 소주보다는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 아미노산 실험에서는 소주와 45% 고온 발효주를 비교 할 때 serine, glycine, cysteine, methionine, phenylalanine 등은 100배, alanine, valine, isoleucine 80배, ammonia 20배 낮은 수치를 나타냈다. OD 측정의 실험결과 또한 control과 비교시 40% 발효주에서는 10배, 45% 고은 발효주에서는 100배 낮은 측정치가 나타났으므로 한약재의 색소성분을 휘발시키는 기술이 요구된다고 본다. 항균성실험에서 항균성 측정은 06 cm paper disk agar diffusion법을 이용하였으며, 43%의 발효주와, 45% 고온 발효주가 항균력이 가장 강력한 0.95 cm의 영향을 나타냈다. 사용한 사용한 Gram 양성, Gram 음성 균주는 Escherichia coli KCCM 11591를 제외하고는 0.8 - 0.95 cm로 항균력이 강했으며, Gram negitive의 Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 1750 에서는 43% 발효주에는 0.95 cm, 45% 고은 발효주에는 0.95 cm의 항균성을 나타냈으며 관능평가에서도 가장 높게 났다. 관능평가에서는 45% 고온 발효주가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 항산화성 실험에 나타난 저온 45%의 갈색도의 측정과는 항산화성에서는 좀 다른 결과를 나타낸다. 그러나 항균성이 가장 높게 나타난 43-45%와 관능평가에서 가장 높게 나타난 45% 고온 발효주를 볼 때 본 연구에서는 고온 발효주 45%가 가장 우수한 전통주로 조사되었다. 발효주를 소주의 아미노산과 비교할 때 아미노산 함량이 전반적으로 100배 정도 낮은 함량치로 나타났으므로, 한약재 첨가로 인하여 면역증강, 살세포반응 억제효과, 기능성전통주로 좋은 발효주로 인정되지만 한약재특유의 강한 향기를 약화시켜서 부드럽고 은은한 전통발효주의 연구가 금후에 보완되어야 한다고 본다.

Quality Improvement in Perilla III. Varietal Differences of Protein Content and Amino Acid Composition in Perilla (들깨의 성분개량 연구 III. 들깨 품종의 단백질 함량과 아미노산 조성)

  • Lee, Jung-Il;Park, Chung-Berm;Son, Seuk-Yeong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.38 no.1
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 1993
  • Korean local collected strains of perilla were analyzed on their protein and amino-acid contents in the seed. The strains analyzed were 80 of which grown in the experimental field of Crop Experiment Station at Suwon in 1991. This experiment was performed to obtain the basic informations on the varietal differences of protein and amino-acid contents and further applied in the breeding project for quality improvement of perilla. The seed protein contents of 80 perilla varieties ranged from 17.9% to 24.6% and the average content was 24.6%. There were no differences in protein contents according to the maturity and 1,000 seed weight, but differed by the seed coat color showing 1.4% higher content in light gray than that of drak brown, which may suggest that the seed coat color could be used as a marker gene for breeding high protein varieties. While the total essential amino-acid contents of collected perilla ranged from 36.41% to 44.85%, the mean of 40.55%, the non-essential amino-acid contents was 47.23%~60.01% with the mean of 55.29%. Moreover, there was high positive correlation between the essential amino-acid contents and seed coat color. The essential amino-acids of perilla has an exceptionally high content of arginine, leucine, but methionine indeed being almost marginal. Of the essential amino-acids, lysine, methionine and valine were contained higher compared with the FAO recommendation level.

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Physicochemical and quality characteristics of the Korean and American blueberries (국내산과 미국산 블루베리의 이화학적 품질특성)

  • Moon, Hey-Kyung;Lee, Su-Won;Kim, Jong-Kuk
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.524-531
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    • 2013
  • We investigated the quality characteristics of the Korean and American blueberry. There was a similarity between the general composition and sugar content of the Korean and American values. The pH values showed a low of 3.46 in American blueberries to a high of 4.49 in Korean blueberries. The L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) value scores of the American blueberry were higher than the Korean blueberry. The levels of total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging abilities were 205 mg%, 93.48% in the Korean blueberry and 182 mg%, 84.32% in the American blueberry, respectively. The free sugar levels showed fructose 2,514 mg%, glucose 2,315 mg%, and sucrose 69 mg% in the Korean blueberry, while the free sugar levels of the American blueberry showed fructose 2,106 mg%, glucose 1,825 mg%. The contents of organic acid were lactic acid and tartaric acid in the Korean blueberry, while the organic acid in the American blueberry contained tartaric acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and lactic acid. The Korean blueberry has 12 kinds of free amino acids, while the American blueberry has 9 kinds of free amino acids. Furthermore, the Korean blueberry contains 390 mg% of total amino acids, which was higher than 32% in the American blueberry with 295 mg% of total amino acids. The fatty acid contents of the American blueberry (2,897 mg%) was higher than that of the Korean blueberry (2,783 mg%) as well as in the oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. The mineral contents of all the samples were P>K>Ca>Mg, respectively. Given the above results, the Korean blueberry bioactive chemicals or properties were thought to be somewhat higher than the American blueberry.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Corn Silk (옥수수 수염의 이화학적 특성과 변이)

  • Kim, Sun-Lim;Park, Cheol-Ho;Kim, E-Hun;Hur, Han-Sun;Son, Young-Koo
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.392-399
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of corn silks. Pollination of corn silks was finished within three days after silking, and elongation of open pollinated corn silks was stopped, but unpollinated silks elongated until eight days after silking. Moisture contents of corn silks were about 92-94% at silking stage, but continuously decreased. these were about 70-75% at 30 days after silking. Chlorophyll b was higher than chlorophyll a in corn silks, and chlorophyll a/b ratios of four hybrids were high in this order : silage > sweet > super sweet > waxy corn. Free sugars in corn silks were mainly fructose, glucose and maltose. Their composition rate was 55% of glucose, 42% of fructose and 4% of maltose. Water soluble solid (Brix %) contents of unpollinated corn silks were ranged from 13.7 to 16.8 Brix % and pollinated corn silks were from 12.6 to 13.7 Brix %. Phytic, oxalic, malic. shikimic, glutaric and acetic acid were detected on corn silks. Phytic, oxalic and glutaric acid were considered as a major organic acids in corn silks. Amino acids in corn silks were high in this order : waxy > silage > sweet >sweet corn. Serine, glycine and thereoine were contained more than 10%, and five amino acids such as aspartic, glutaric, arginine, alanine and proline were ranged about 5 to 8%. Methionine and cystine, amino acids containing sulfur were contained only small quantity as about 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively. Acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, DMS, isobutylaldehyde, cis-3-hexanol, 3-hexe-1-ol, acetate, trans-2-hexanol and pentanol were detected as the volatile components in corn silks, but acetaldehyde and DMS were major volitiles in silage corn silks, and acetaldehyde, ethanol and DMS were major volitiles in waxy corn silks. The length of corn silks was a positively correlated with organic acids (r=${0.556}^*$), and a negatively correlated with amino acids (r=${-0.514}^*$), respectively. Free sugars were positively correlated with all characteristics tested and significantly correlated with organic acid (r=TEX>${0.703}^{**}$), and flavonoids (r=TEX>${0.544}^*$). Chlorophyll was significantly correlated with flavonoid contents (r=TEX>${0.523}^*$). For this reason chlorophyll was evaluated as an indirect selection character for the high flavonoid containing varieties.

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Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Dongchimi Prepared with Turnip of Chinese, European and Korean Origin (한국.중국.유럽산 순무로 담근 동치미의 이화학적.관능적 특성 비교)

  • 오상희;김미리
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.111-121
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    • 2003
  • Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of turnip Donchimi prepared with Chinese(DC), Korean(DK) and European origin(DE) were analyzed during fermentation at $0^{\circ}C$. Salt concentrations of Dongchimi liquid were around 1.3% during fermentation. The pH, the total acidity, Lactobacilli number and turbidity were observed during fermentation of Dongchmi. DC was fermented the most rapidly among three based on the acidity, turbidity and lactic acid bacteria number. DC maintained higher hardness in textural properties during fermentation compared to DE, although it was evaluated lower scores of appearance in sensory test, and less Hunter color a value and anthocyanin content, compared to DK or DE. DK showed the highest in anthocyanin content, Hunter color a value, and hardness. Sensory evaluation showed that the scores of color, hardness, and overall preference of Donchimi were high in the order of DK>DC>DE. Score of overall preference of turnip Dongchimi was the highest with 6.7(10 cm line scale) in DK at the 40th day of fermentation, the optimum ripening time, but the lowest with 3.5 in DE.

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The Taste Compounds in Commercial Toha-jeot (시판 토화젓의 정미성분에 관한 연구)

  • 이응호;이정석;주동식;박중제;김희경;장석준
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.325-330
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    • 1996
  • 전남지방의 전통 수산발효식품인 토하젓의 인지도 향상 및 국가경쟁력을 갖춘 지역특산품으로 발전시키기 위한 일련의 연구로써, 식품학적 기초자료를 얻기위하여 숙성기간이 다른 시판 토하젓을 구입하여 정미성분을 분석.검토하였다. 저온(5$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$)에서 90일간숙성시킨 토하젓의 전체 유리아미노산 함량은 건물당 1873.0mg/100g)보다 2배이상 많았다. 한편 숙성된 토하젓의 주요 유리아미노산(719.4mg/100g) 보다 2배 이상 많았다. 한편 숙성된 토하젓의 주요 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid, alanine, leucine, valine 및 phenylalanine으로 전체 유리아미노산에 대해 58.6%를 차지하였다. 핵산 관련물질은 담금 직후 및 숙성된 토하젓 모두 hypoxanthine의 함량이 월등히 많았으며, 그 다음으로 AMP 및 IMP순이였다. 그리고 숙성된 토하젓은 담금 직후의 토하젓과 비교해서 AMP 및 IMP는 적었으나, hypoxanthine의 함량은 많았다. 불휘발성 유기산을 GC분석한 결과, 담금 직후 및 숙성된 제품 모두에 lactic acid가 가장 많아 각각 건물당 389.3mg/100g 및 752.3mg/100g이였고, succinic acid는 미량 함유되어 있었다. 90일간 숙성된 TMAO, betaine 및 total creatinine 함량은 건물량 기준으로 각각 63.6mg/100g, 179.1mg/100g 및 123.7mg/100g이었다. Omission test를 이용하여 각정미성분을 관능검사한 결과, 유리아미노산 및 불휘발성 유기산이 토하젓의 맛에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 핵산 관련물질은 그다지 맛에 대한 기여도가 높지 않았다. 따라서 시판 토하젓의 맛에는 유리 아미노산 및 불휘발성 유기산이 중요한 역할을 하며, 핵산 관련물질이나 TMAO, betaine 및 total creatinine은 보조적인 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.

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