• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.359-368
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine distribution and damages of the trails of inquiry of urban natural parks. Those parks were located at south-north green corridor at Incheon being mountainous type of urban natural parks that were core area of urban ecosystem preservation to of urban natural parks that citizens recently made use of them as nature experience type of leisure and recreation place from time to time, and to supply basic material deciding on the ways to improve the trails of nature preservation type. The survey sites included Geyang Park, Baekma Park, Yaksa Park, Munhak Park and Cheongryang Park. The number of main trails was 42 at Geyang Park, 43 at Baekma Park, 9 at Yaksa Park, 28 at Munhak Park, and 22 at Cheongryang Park, and it was excessively more than optimum needed: The number of branch trails of the parks seemed to increase. The bared trail width in average of the roads was 3.5m, while maximum depth in average was 21.3cm. The trails were thought to be deteriorated rapidly without systematic maintenance. The 5th and 6th grade of the impact rating class that required restoration because of serious deterioration occupied 19.6∼78.0%. Based on the findings, the study suggested ways to improve and manage the trails of inquiry of urban natural parks that were placed at south-north green corridor at Incheon.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2015

This study aims to figure out the vegetation status and characteristics of the spatial distribution in Taeanhaean National Park. As a result, vegetation communities were Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus thunbergii-Pinus densiflora community, Camellia japonica community, Carpinus turczaninowii community, Carpinus turczaninowii-Pinus thunbergii community, Kalopanax septemlobus community, Koelreuteria paniculata community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, and sand dune and coastal wetland vegetation including Vitex rotundifolia community, Elymus mollis community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, Ischaemum anthephoroides community, Zoysia sinica community, Suaeda maritima community, and Phragmites communis community. Landscape types in actual vegetation map were Pinus thunbergii community (3.92%), Pinus densiflora community (1.40%), Robinia pseudoacacia community (0.05%), sand dune and coastal wetland vegetation (0.11%), field (0.46%), seashore (0.24%), thinning area (0.08%), bareground (0.16%), and sea (93.58%). Area of Pinus thunbergii community among vegetation type was $14.797km^2$ (3.92%) and the largest. Stratification structure and species composition of Pinus thunbergii community distributed in the seashore were different as a result of disturbance and human use. On the other hand, we assumed that succession will take place to the potential natural vegetation that is Quercus serrata and Quercus dentata in undisturbed Pinus thunbergii community. Meanwhile, Erechtites hieracifolia was occupied in understory of Pinus thunbergii community around the seashore and Diodia teres was invaded to sand dune vegetation. They may affect on natural species negatively. Therefore, monitoring and management plans are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.509-523
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• 2016

The soil prediction can provide quantitative soil information for sustainable mountainous ecosystem management. Visible near infrared spectroscopy, one of soil prediction methods, has been applied to predict several soil properties with effective costs, rapid and nondesctructive analysis, and satisfactory accuracy. Spectral preprocessing is a essential procedure to correct noisy spectra for visible near infrared spectroscopy. However, there are no attempts to evaluate various spectral preprocessing methods. We tested 5 different pretreatments, namely continuum removal, Savitzky-Golay filter, discrete wavelet transform, 1st derivative, and 2nd derivative to predict soil carbon(C) and nitrogen(N). Partial least squares regression was used for the prediction method. The total of 153 soil samples was split into 122 samples for calibration and 31 samples for validation. In the all range, absorption was increased with increasing C contents. Specifically, the visible region (650nm and 700nm) showed high values of the correlation coefficient with soil C and N contents. For spectral preprocessing methods, continuum removal had the highest prediction accuracy(Root Mean Square Error) for C(9.53mg/g) and N(0.79mg/g). Therefore, continuum removal was selected as the best preprocessing method. Additionally, there were no distinct differences between Savitzky-Golay filter and discrete wavelet transform for visual assessment and the methods showed similar validation results. According to the results, we also recommended Savitzky-Golay filter that is a simple pre-treatment with continuum removal.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2020

Wetlands play an important function and role in hydrological, environmental, and ecological, aspects of the watershed. Water level in wetlands is essential for various analysis such as for the determination of wetland function and its effects on the environment. Since several wetlands are ungauged, research on wetland water level prediction are uncommon. Therefore, this study developed a water level prediction model using multiple regression analysis, principal component regression analysis, artificial neural network, and DNN to predict wetland water level. Geumjeong-Mountain Wetland located in Yangsan-city, Gyeongsangnam-do province was selected as the target area, and the water level measurement data from April 2017 to July 2018 was used as the dependent variable. On the other hand, hydrological and meteorological data were used as independent variables in the study. As a result of evaluating the predictive power, the water level prediction model using DNN was selected as the final model as it showed an RMSE value of 6.359 and an NRMSE value of 18.91%. This research study is believed to be useful especially as a basic data for the development of wetland maintenance and management techniques using the water level of the existing unmeasured points.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.3 s.114
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• pp.283-300
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• 2006

Gaesung city of North Korea is meaningful because of the development of Gaesung industrial complex as a peace-building project and economical cooperation works between South Korea and North Korea. This article presents the characteristics of natural landscape of Gaesung through geographical names. This research was studied by literature analysis of North Korea, depth interview of North Korean labour and refugees, and second times fieldwork. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the mountain landscape of Geasung revealed on geographical names characterized mountainousness and round shape. Especially, the places where are enclosed by mountain and streams are foggy and rocky. Next the landscape of stream characterizes sandy, unstable, and tidal river. Thirdly the fauna and flora which are reflected on geographical names are hawk, snake, tiger, homed owl, snapping turtle, chestnut tree, pine tree, pear tree, zelkova tree, and willow etcetera. The environmental conditions of habitation of these are similar to the natural environment of Gaesung. Besides, the geographical names related to soil distributed in northern mountain area of Geasung. The place names implicated cliff located on the riverside. In addition to this, the geographical name of 'Bul' implicated plain distributed in the riverside of 'Seoam' which a branch stream of 'Sacheo'. And the place names related rock located in place enclosed by mountain, river, and village. In cnclusion, Gaesung is more important to us as the Gaesung industrial complex and tourism development. But the fundamental research on Gaesung is a few because Gaesung belongs to North Korea. Therefore, this research will be useful for the control and management of Gaesung in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted in order to observe the effects of double superphosphate and fused phosphate application(T$_1$: control. T$_2$: double superphosphate application, T$_3$; fused phosphate application) on the seedling vigour, botanical composition, and yields of grass/clover mixed swards on newly reclaimed hilly soil. The results obtained are summarized as fellows: At the grassland establishment. the seedling vigour and yields of grass-clover mixed swards were much better by the T$_2$than the T$_3$. These favorable effects were more enhanced in white clover than orchardgrass. Compared with the T$_2$, the T$_3$resulted in the gradual increase of botanical composition and relative yield of white clover according to the cutting order. With the consideration of these results, double superphosphate could be favorable for pasture establishment and fused phosphate could be favorable for pasture management fertilizers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1028-1032
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• 2009

비교적 한정되고 정해진 구역에서 오염물질이 배출되는 것을 점오염이라고 하는 반면, 비점오염은 도시, 농지, 산지, 등 불특정 구역에서 오염물질을 발생시킨다. 점오염에 관한 오염관리가 체계적으로 시행되었던 이전과 달리 최근에는 비점오염에 대한 대책이 시급해짐에 따라 정부는 비점오염에 대한 중요성을 유념하여 한강수계를 대상으로 오염총량관리제를 시범적으로 실시하였다. 환경부는 기존 비점오염원 원단위 부하를 세분화 하여 오염총량제도의 정확도를 향상시키기 위해 노력하고 있다. 우리나라의 비점오염의 관한 연구 중 광산(탄광)지역의 관한 연구는 매우 적다. 본 연구는 광산(탄광)지역의 장기간의 유량 및 수질 모니터링을 통하여 계절별 배출되는 비점오염물질의 유량을 비교하고, ESTIMATOR 모델 방법으로 T-N과 T-P를 분석하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 광산(탄광)지역의 장기적인 모니터링 수행으로 비점오염부하 산정의 유용한 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-161
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• 1982

최근 천연물 의약품의 양약제제화와 더불어 그제제의 확인및 함량검토를 위한 공정법이 날로 그 필요성을 더해 가고 있다. 천연물 의약품은 일반 양약제제와는 달리 그 조성이 복잡하고 대부분은 그 성분조차 파악되고 있지 못한 실정이다. 더구나 일부 그 조성이 밝혀진 천연물조차 그 품종, 부위, 또는 산지등에 따라 조성이 매우 다양하므로 함량을 검토하는데는 많은 문제점을 안고 있다. 연자는 이러한 문제점을 개선하는 방법의 하나로 녹용제제를 대상으로 그 확인 및 함량 시험법을 연구하였다. 녹용은 아직까지 그 유효성분리 확실히 밝혀진 바가 없으므로 본 실험에서는 녹용중 amino acid의 pattern분석 및 glycine의 함량을 검토함으로써 확인 및 정량법을 연구하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2015

우리나라는 산지가 국토의 64%이상으로 토석류 등 지반재해의 위험성에 노출되어 있다. 2011년 7월 우면산 토석류, 춘천시 펜션 토석류 등 규모가 큰 토석류 재해가 일어나며 문제가 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 토석류 피해지역을 연구지역으로 선정하고 지상 LiDAR스캔을 통한 현장조사로 연구지역과 유사한 매개변수 값을 산정하고 정밀도가 높은 지형자료를 생성하여 토석류 해석에 대한 정확도를 높혔다. 토석류 해석프로그램은 국내에서 토석류 해석에 많이 사용되는 FLO-2D와 아직 국내에서는 사용 빈도가 높지는 않지만 국외 연구사례에서 사용 빈도가 높은 모델 중 RAMMS 모형을 선정하여 토석류 피해가 발생한 동일 지역에 두 모형을 적용하고 그 적용성을 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.227-227
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• 2020

최근 국내에서는 이상기온으로 인한 국지성 폭우와 여름철 태풍과 집중호우로 인해 다양한 재해 유형 중 산악지역을 중심으로 산지재해의 피해가 증가하는 추세이다. 본 논문에서는 토석류 피해지역 중 토석류가 발생한 메인계류와 해당 하류지역을 대상으로 연간지형변화 및 침·퇴적분석에 대해 기술하였다. 대상지역은 2012년 루사로 인해 토석류 피해가 발생한 인제군(설악산 국립공원)지역으로 거주하는 인원이 없어 민가나 생활시설에 미치는 영향은 크지 않지만 하류지역에 교량 및 도로가 위치하고 있어 토석류가 재발생시 위험한 지역으로 분류할 수 있다. 이에 2012 ~ 2020년까지 LiDAR 촬영을 이용한 현장모니터링을 실시하고 있다. 모니터링 데이터를 종합하여 년도별 지형자료를 구축하였으며 인명피해 위험성이 적어 복구가 늦어지거나 계획이 없는 자연사면지역에서의 지형변화를 살펴보았다. 또한 토석류 계류지역과 하류부를 중심으로 침·퇴적 분석을 실시하였다. 계류지역에서는 횡 넓이, 유동심, 크게는 방향, 식생 등에 대한 변화를 분석하였으며 하류부에 위치한 교량 및 도로 등 구조물, 시설물들에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다.