• 한국해양학회지
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.169-179
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• 1983

Distribution of soft-bottom macrobenthos en Masan Bay was studied in terms of seasonal changes in species composition, abundance, and diversity from August, 1980 to May, 1981. Of the 65 species ot benthic macrofauna observed, polychaete was the most dominant taxonomic group with 34 species, which accounted for 72% of the total number of benthic animals. Species richness and numerical abundance seemed to decrease from the outer Bay stations to the innermost bay station, where certain zoological groups such as crustaceans and echinoderms were eliminated. Based on the ecological indices calculated, the inner basins of the Masan Bay apparently receive high input levels of organic material derived from land drainage, domestic wastes, and industrial complex installed in Masan city and nearby urban area. Particularly, at two inner bay stations of the Masan Bay, these levels seemed to approach the limit of the degradative capacity of the muddy bottom ecosystem, and have significantly affected the characteristics and distfibution of the benthic macrofauna.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Domestic leather company is working hard to solve present environmental problem. Leather industry is realized by representative pollution industry. An advanced nation is trying to develop clean technology by collaborating research institute with the chemical company, and tannery. This research introduced information that is gained through technical transfer in leather processing. This project started to solve environmental problem of leather industry. Specially the environment and economic problem is caused from chrome which exists in the waste water or solid waste. Representative technologies, reduced chrome tanning, non-chrome tanning method, are being introduced through transfer. Also lightweight leather development advances the research which uses non-metal tanning agent.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2007

In order to elucidate the relationship between the sludge retention time(SRT) and the toxicity of heavy metals, such as copper (Cu), cadmium(Cd), and zinc(Zn), in sequencing batch reactor(SBR) process, IC50 was estimated with measuring of INT-dehydrogenase activity in variable SRTs. When the concentrations of heavy metals were increased, the activity of INT-dehydrogenase was gradually decreased indicating the heavy metals inhibit bacterial activity. Cu showed higher toxicity than Zn and Cd. $IC_{50}$ of Cu, Cd, and Zn ranged from $0.37\sim1.96$ mg/L, $15.4\sim16.9$ mg/L, and $9.70\sim23.4$ mg/L, respectively. The toxicity of Cu and Zn was reversely proportional to the length of SRT. It is probably caused by the increased concentration of extracellular polymeric substances in longer SRT which absorb heavy metals. Therefore, the operation of SBR with increased SRT is desirable in treatment of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2001

최근들어 환경보호, 자원절약 및 산업의 경제성 확립을 위하여 전세계적으로 자원의 재활 용에 대한 일반 대중의 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 이와 때를 같이하여 각종 재활용 촉진을 위한 법규와 제도가 강화되어가고 있다. 이러한 분위기는 제지산업 분야의 경우 재생펄프 의 사용량 증가로 나타나고 있다. 그 동안 고지를 주된 원료로 사용하던 신문지, 판지 및 라이너지 등의 지종은 고지 사용 비율을 점차 높혀가고 있으며 천연펄프를 주된 원료로 이용하던 고급 인쇄용지와 화장지 분야에도 재생펄프의 사용이 시도되거나 확대되고 있 다. 아울러 전 지종에 걸쳐서 고수율 펄프의 활용 증대를 통한 산림자원 보호 및 경제성 확립에도 많은 노력이 경주되고 있다. 이러한 고지 및 고수율 펄프의 이용 증가 추세는 단 순한 경제적 이유에서 뿐만이 아니라 갈수록 강화되고 있는 환경보전과 자원절감을 달성 하기 위해서 지속되리라고 판단된다. 재생펄프의 이용과 함께 날로 엄격해지는 폐수 배출 규제와 관련하여 제지 공정을 폐쇄 화 방안이 적극 검토되고 있거나 실제로 적용되고 있다. 이에 따라 초지계의 백수 조건이 악화되고 있으며 앞으로 이러한 추세는 심화될 것이 자명하다. 이러한 백수계의 오염은 각종 첨가제의 기능 저하를 유발시키므로 공정 폐쇄화에 대처할 수 있는 새로운 기능성 보류시스템의 개발이 선행되지 않는다면 보류되지 못한 첨가제 혹은 미세분이 초지계를 오염시키는 악순환이 거듭될 것이 자명하다. 따라서 고지 재활용 및 공정 폐쇄화에 적극적으로 대처하기 위해서는 변화되는 원료 및 용수 조건에 능동적으로 대처할 수 있는 새로운 기능성 보류시스템으로서 전분과 마이크 로파티클로 구성된 보류 시스템을 검토하였다. 특히 마이크로파티클 시스템의 구성요소의 하나인 양성전분의 개질에 따른 효과를 평가하기 위해서 다양한 종류의 양성전분을 준비 하고 그 사용에 따른 미세분 보류도, reversibility 등을 측정하였다. 특히 reversibility를 측정함으로써 제지공정상에서의 전단력에 의한 응집에 파괴이후의 재응집 능력을 평가하 였다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2014

Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a typical inorganic acid, has been used in the industry for its various usage and classified as the toxic compound, because it can cause the pneumonia and pulmonary edema when it was exposed to respiratory organs. The official environmental analytical method for fluorine and its compound in waste has not been developed. For this reason, we have faced some problem to treat the contaminated wastes by the HF leakage from industrial process. In this study, prepared for analytical method for combustible waste (crop, trees, etc.) generated from HF leaking accident and to be applied as the official analytical method for fluorine contaminated waste when the fluorine and its compound will be regulated as a hazardous material by the waste management law later.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.608-614
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• 2012

The effluent limitation of industrial wastewater is based on uniform regulatory criteria for effluent discharge facilities of all in Korea. But, an individual effluent limitation on each effluent discharge facility is widely applicable for regulation of industrial wastewater in US.EPA. To decide an individual effluent limitation, TBEL (Technology-based effluent limitation) and WQBEL (Water quality-based effluent limitation) are used. TBEL is based on the capability of a treatment technology to reduce the pollutants. WQBEL is based on ambient water quality standards. In this study, TBEL were derived for the pulp, paper and paper board manufacturing based on best practicable control technology currently available. It was suggested that effluent limitations were $BOD_5$ 4.7 mg/L, $COD_{Mn}$ 44.3 mg/L, SS 13.2 mg/L, TN 1.4 mg/L, TP 0.15 mg/L and best practicable control technology currently available (BPT) was neutralization, activated sludge treatment and coagulation and sedimentation for the pulp, paper and paper board manufacturing.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.20-29
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• 1985

Sediment transport by tidal currents as well as the distribution and properties of intertial surface sediments are investigated using the data obtained from an anchor station on the main tidal channel and 56 tidal flat surface samples. Sedimentation in the intertidal zone appears to occur mainly during the spring tide period in this environment. The tidal flat can be classified into three depositional facies. The tidal flat deposits are ubiquitously bioturbated by various bottom dwelling organisms among which the crabs and polychaetes predominate. Average trace metal contents of the intertidal surface sediments are: 74.8 ppm co, 67.8 ppm Ni, 32.6 ppm Cu and 30.7 ppm Pb. Compared with the northen Kyeonggi Bay bottom sediments, these contents are significantly high, except for Pb.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Conference
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.93-93
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• 2012

섬유산업은 그 제조 스트림이 높은 오염 부하와 에너지 다소비를 특징으로 하여 환경규제에 따라 기존 시장의 위축 가능성이 상존하고 있다. 특히 섬유산업의 주요 스트림 중의 하나인 염색가공 공정은 섬유에서 불순물을 제거하고 심미한 색상과 사용 목적에 적합한 성능을 부여하는 단계로 섬유제조 공정에서 가장 높은 부가가치를 부여하는 단계이나 고온의 물과 다양한 화공약품을 많이 사용하고 그 처리온도가 비교적 높아($100^{\circ}C$ 이상) 대표적인 폐수 발생 공정이자 에너지 다소비 공정이다. 섬유의 염색 방법 중 반연속방법인 CPB(Cold Pad Batch)염색은 반응성 염료와 알칼리의 혼합액으로 구성된 염액에 원단을 패딩한 후 상온에서 수 시간 배칭하고 수세 및 후처리하여 염색하는 방법으로 작업공정관리, 설비관리가 간편하고 에너지소비량 절감, 높은 생산성의 장점이 있다. CPB염색법은 주로 직물에 적용되어 보편화 되었으며, 작업공정 중 장력의 영향을 많이 받는 니트 소재에 적용되는 사례는 드물다. 직물류의 CPB 염색가공법은 대구 경북을 중심으로 연구진행이 활발히 이루어지고 있어 국내 100대 정도의 CPB 관련 장비가 직물제품에 한정되어 가동되고 있는 반면, 니트 CPB 관련 염색 가공 업체는 1곳에 불과한 실정이나 니트류에 대한 지속적인 수요 증가를 고려하면 니트 소재에 대한 CPB염색 적용은 시의적절한 필수요소라고 판단된다. 니트 소재에 대한 CPB염색가공 적용 시 나타나는 문제점은 작업원단의 변부 말림현상 발생, 전폭 상태에서의 색상차이인 listing현상, 원단의 첫도입부분과 끝부분의 색상차이인 tailing현상이며, 반복되는 작업 시 염색재현성을 확보하는 것으로 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 CPB염색 시 CPB Head 장치의 Padding 방식 즉, trough와 Nip type에 따른 염색 시 알칼리와 염료 투입에 따른 염색 재현성(Build up, Ending, 알칼리 안정성)을 비교해 보았으며, 이에 따른 염색제품의 물성 및 견뢰도를 확인하여 보다 효율적인 방식을 선별하였다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.755-762
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• 1995

A phenolic resin industrial wastewater containing about 41,000 mg/l of phenol and 2,800 mg/l of formaldehyde was biologically treated by a mixed culture GE2 immobilized on ceramic beads. This study was carried out with three experimental groups : Control-only added the sludge of papermill wastewater ; GE2 treatment-added GE2 to Control ; Ceramic treatment-applied ceramic carrier to GE2 treatment. When the original wastewater was diluted 80 times with aerated tap-water, influent COD$_{Mn}$ WaS 1,140 mg/l and that of the effluent was in the range of 22-35 mg/l, which was not much different among the experimental groups. However, at 20-times dilution, influent COD$_{Mn}$ was 4,800 mg/l and the effluent COD$_{Mn}$ of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 179, 128 and 94 mg/l, respectively. COD$_{Mn}$, removal efficiency by Ceramic treatment was the highest, at 98.0%. At this time, the effluent phenol concentration of Control, GE2 treatment and Ceramic treatment was 10.71, 7.93 and 5.60, respectively. As the dilution times decreased, the removal efficiency of COD$_{Mn}$ and phenol did not change much, but COD$_{Mn}$ and phenol concentration of the effluent increased. Consequently, it is likely that the phenolic industrial wastewater containing phenol and formaldehyde can be biologically treated using a GE2 and ceramic carrier and that at 40-times dilution, the effluent completely meets the effluent standards for industrial wastewater treatment plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.41-49
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• 2000

When sewage and industrial wastewater are treated to improve the coastal water quality, we usually consider the reduction of BOD and/or COD. Due to the inflow of untreated nitrogen and phosphorus, however, the coastal water has eutrophicated. Thus, to improve the water qualify, it is necessary to treat and reduce nitrogen and phosphorus which are the factors limiting algal growth. Hence, with regard to the adaption of Ocean Outfall for the treatment of wastewater in Suyoung Bay, we studied the effectiveness and environmental assessment of Ocean Outfall of which cost is lower than that of advanced treatment, The effectiveness of Ocean Outfall of the second treatment effluent in Nambu S.T.P. was simulated, using the eco-hydrodynamic model as far field model the result showed that the water quality of coastal area receiving wastewater on the surface sea has improved. But the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus around the diffuser of Ocean Outfall system can cause many problems on estuary, such as red tide, eutrophication and aquatic toxicity.