• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2000

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.474-485
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• 2002

The object of this study is to investigate the contamination degree and the interpretation of sea water intrusion phenomena with hydrogeochemical and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope of coastal aquifer in the Gogum area, Korea. The physical characteristics of groundwaters is the neutral pH condition and transitional Redox environments, and groundwater is affected by sea water & surface water. The chemical properties of groundwaters are showing an increase in contamination owing to the sea water intrusion, waste water from the surface and agricultural chemicals. In the case of chloride, 6 samples of the groundwater in the study area are in excess of the drinking water standard. The Piper diagram shows the contamination in GG-4 and 14 by sea water intrusion. GG-3, 7 and 13 dominate the Na-HCO$_{3}$ type water and regional (GG-14) is indicated to dominate the Na-Cl type water such as sea water. According to the Sl (saturation index), sea water is oversaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, GG-3, 14 and 18 are approaching the saturation state. The hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope ratio of groundwaters originates in the meteoric water, and groundwaters of GG-1, 5 and 14 display high oxygen isotope value due to surface water trespass and sea water intrusion. The result of this study, GG-14 is contaminated by sea water intrusion, groundwaters expected GG-3, 7 and 13 is in progress to artificial pollution and sea water intrusion.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-88
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• 2001

The Geochemica] and isotope studies on the $CO_2$-rich water from the Shinchon area were carried out. The Shinchon $CO_2$-rich water belongs to Ca(Na)-$HCO_3$ type showing very high $P_{CO_{2}}$ ( $10^{-0.35}$ ~ $10^{0.29}$ atm) and TDS (835-3,144 mg/L). The results of geochemical and isotope analysis indicate that $CO_2$ gas is originated from the deep seated source such as mantle or magmatic gases. The $CO_2$-rich water was evolved by interaction with deep-seated granite and major water-rock interaction was dissolution of p]agioclase resulting high Na content of $CO_2$-rich water. Precipitation and dissolution of secondary calcite might be accompanied with the dissolution of plagioclase maintaining Na/Ca ratio. High contents of K and $SO_4$ indicate that the geochemical characteristics of $CO_2$-rich water were partially affected by interaction with upper sedimentary rock during uprising to surface. N03 and tritium contents suggest that the $CO_2$-rich water was mixed with low $CO_2$ groundwater at some locations. The oxygen-hydrogen isotopes show that all water samples were derived from meteoric waters and the $CO_2$-rich water was isotopically re-equilibrated with lighter $CO_2$ gas. Although some carbon isotope data show isotopically heavy values, carbon isotope data indicate that the $CO_2$ gas was possib]y derived by deep source.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.05b
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• pp.396-400
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• 1997

중수형 발전소에서 삼중수소 제거나 중수분리와 관련된 수소동위원소 교환반응에 이용되는 백금담지 고분자촉매제조시 환원과정 이전의 열처리 조건이 백금분산도에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 고분자 담체(SDBC)에 함침법을 이용하여 백금을 담지시켰으며, 8$0^{\circ}C$의 공기중에서 그리고 15$0^{\circ}C$의 산소흐름하에서 열처리하여 제조한 Pt/SDBC촉매의 열적 안정성을 TGA와 BET 실험결과로부터 확인할 수 있었다. 백금담지량이 커지면 백금분산도가 감소하였으며, 가능한 한 고온의 산소로 열처리하면 고분자촉매의 백금분산도가 향상됨을 수소흡착 실험을 통하여 입증하였다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2021

Isotopic compositions of snow or ice have been used to reconstruct paleoclimate and to calculate contribution to streamwater using isotopic hydrograph separation as an end member. During freezing and melting of snow or ice, isotopic fractionation occurs between snow or ice and liquid water. Isotopic evolution during melting process has been studied by field, melting experiments and modeling works, but that during freezing has not been well studied. In this review, isotopic fractionation during equilibrium freezing is discussed using the linear relationship between two stable water isotopes (oxygen and hydrogen) and the Rayleigh fractionation. Snow, evaporated from nearby ocean and condensated, follows the Global Meteoric Water Line (slope of 8), but the melting and freezing of snow affect the linear relationship (slope of 19.5/3.1~6.3). The isotopic evolution of liquid water by freezing observed in the open system during Rayleigh fractionation is also seen in the closed system. The isotopic evolution of snow or ice in the open system where the snow or ice is continuously removed becomes more enriched than the residual liquid water by the fractionation factor. The isotopic evolution of snow or ice in the closed system eventually equals the original isotopic compositions of liquid water. It is expected the understanding of isotopic evolution of snow or ice by freezing to increase the accuracy of the paleoclimate studies and hydrograph separation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 1996

For many years oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis have been used as one of the most valuable research tools to investigate many geological processes. There are many sample preparation techniques of oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis for various geological samples. We introduce here several important sample preparation techniques for oxygen and hydrogen isotope analysis and discuss the problems of each method in detail.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.224-237
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• 2004

The anorthositic rocks of the study area are divided into the northern Sancheong and southern Hadong anorthositic rocks depending on the different distribution patterns and lithologies. In order to evaluate the characteristics of the hydrothermal systems developed in the study area, oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions of the anorthositic rocks were measured. Oxygen isotopic values of the plagioclase exhibit an interesting spatial distribution. Plagioclase collected from the Sancheong anorthositic rocks in the northern part tends to have a relatively restricted range of $\delta$$^{18/0}$ values between 7.3 and 8.8$\textperthousand$, which are heavier than 'normal' $\delta$$^{18/O}$ value (6-6.5$\textperthousand$) typical for plagioclase of the fresh mantle-derived anorthosite, whereas plagioclase from the southern part is characterized by a wide range of $\delta$$^{18/O}$ values between -4.4 and 8.2$\textperthousand$ and much lighter values than 'normal' value for plagioclase of the fresh mantle-derived anorthosite. Plagioclase from the middle part has $\delta$$^{18/O}$ values heavier than the plagioclase from the southern part, but lighter than that from the northern part. The spatial distribution of $\delta$$^{18/O}$ values suggests that the decoupled hydrothermal flow systems might have been developed in the study area. Meteoric water dominated in the hydrothermal flow systems developed in the southern area, whereas magmatic fluid dominated in the northern area. The relationship between water content and hydrogen isotopic composition of anorthosites shows a positive correlation. The positive correlation indicates that fluids exsolved from magma during magmatic differentiation caused deuteric alteration of anorthositic rocks involving replacement of pyroxenes to amphiboles. After the deuteric alteration, hydrothermal system developed by meteoric water dominated the southern area, and erased record of the hydrothermal system developed by magmatic fluid at earlier stage. However, the development of meteoric hydrothermal system has been limited in the southern area only, and could not affect the Sancheong anorthositic rocks in the northern area. The abundant occurrences of secondary alteration minerals such as sericite, calcite, and chlorite in the southern Hadong anorthosite relative to the northern Sancheong anorthositc seem to be related to the overlapping of two distinct hydrothermal systems in the southern area.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.222-232
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• 2001

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) uses focused high-speed primary ions to produce secondary ions from sample surface that are analyzed through a mass filter. SIMS is often called as ion microprobe, since it offers a micrometer-scale spatial resolution. Although the precision and accuracy of SIMS are not as good as many conventional mass spectrometers, it has several advantages such as small sample-size requirement, high spatial resolution and capability of in-situ analysis. In the field of geochemistry/cosmochemistry, SIMS is widely used for (1) stable isotope geochemistry of H, C, O, S, etc., (2) geochronology of U/Th-bearing minerals, (3) lateral distribution of trace elements in a mineral, and (4) discovery of presolar grains and investigation of their isotopic compositions.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Seawater intrusion was evaluated using electrical conductivity, chemical proxies, and oxygen isotopic compositions in coastal area. It seems that groundwater in the area where the electrical conductivity is over $3,000{\mu}S/cm$ is influenced by seawater. However, it is very difficult that seawater intrusion is distinguished from other contaminants using the electrical conductivity. The chemical proxies and oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions can quantitatively estimate seawater intrusion. However, these method is a costly disadvantage. Therefore, firstly, groundwater contamination by seawater intrusion was evaluated using electrical conductivity and then the additional chemical and isotopic analysis were conducted in areas where possibility of contamination by seawater intrusion is high. These systematic analytical method can reduce analytical cost to quantitatively evaluate influence of seawater intrusion on coastal groundwater and may improve efficiency of analytical method for seawater intrusion.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-105
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• 2003

Geochemical studies on the alluvial aquifer system near the Nakdong River were carried out for the basic investigation of the estimation of artificial recharge for the river bank filtration. In-situ data do not show any distinct difference between the pumping well and river. Most of waters belong to $_3$ and Ca-$SO_4$ types and show high Mn concentration. In the borehole installed with Multi-Ca-HCOPacker (MP) system, Na, Ca, Mg, $HCO_3$ contents of the groundwater are increased with depth increasing. Cl and $SO_4$ contents of the groundwater show the lowest values at the bottom level (18m depth) and Mn content is very high at the middle level (13.5 m depth) of MP system. There is no distinct difference in the ${\delta}^{18}O$ and D values and tritium content between MP, borehole and surface water samples. The sulfur isotope data indicate that the possible sulfur source is dissolution of sulfate mineral from sedimentary rock. Strontium isotope ratio shows a little differences between the pumping well and observation borehole samples. Nitrogen isotope data indicate that the nitrogen of water samples is originated from fertilizer or organic materials.