• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.11
• /
• pp.1612-1618
• /
• 2011

The present study was undertaken to analyze the effects of different types of treatment on excess post exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), flexibility, free radical and antioxidants in women using a horseback riding therapeutic device. Subjects were trained in regular horseback riding exercises for 12 weeks (3 times/wk). The effects of this exercise were examined by means of a single session of horseback riding that lasted for 30 min. 21 women were recruited from a public health center and divided into 3 groups (passive recovery group, passive+massage recovery group, and dynamic recovery group). 3 types of recovery patterns were determined after a single trial of horseback riding exercise. Their flexibility were determined pre-and post-training by Paired T test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows: Among the 3 groups, the dynamic recovery group showed the highest levels of EPOC compared to the other groups, and also showed higher levels of anti-oxidants, as did the passive+massage recovery group compared to the passive recovery group. Moreover, horseback riding exercise greatly increased flexibility in the women. In conclusion, regular horseback riding training is recommended to enhance the flexibility of women and dynamic recovery is recommended to enhance EPOC and anti-oxidants after a single bout of exercise. Further study is needed in this area.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.275-284
• /
• 2008

Purpose: We intended to evaluate myocardial oxygen consumption ($MVO_2)$ by applying recirculation correction and modified one-compartment model to have a reference range of $MVO_2$ in normal young population and to reveal the effect of recirculation on time-activity curve (TAC). Materials and Methods: In nine normal male volunteers with mean age of $26.3{\pm}4.0$, $MVO_2$ was estimated with 925 MBq (25mCi) of $^{11}C$-Acetate (Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea) and PET/CT (Biograph 6, Siemens Medical Solution, Germany). Analysis software such as $MATLAB^{(R)}$ v7.1 (Mathworks, Inc., United States), $Excel^{(R)}$ 2007 (Microsoft, United States), and $SPSS^{(R)}$ v12.0 (Apache Software Foundation, United States) were used. Twenty three frames were of $12{\times}10$, $5{\times}60$, $3{\times}120$, $2{\times}300's$ duration, respectively. The modified one-compartmental model and the recirculation correction method were applied. Statistical analysis was performed by using Test of Normality, ANOVA and Post-Hoc (Scheffe's) analysis, and p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The normal reference ranges of $MVO_2$ were presented as $3.18-4.64\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;ml/g/sec$, $1.91-3.94\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;ml/g/sec$, $4.31-6.40\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;ml/g/sec$, $2.84-4.53\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;ml/g/sec$ and $3.42-5.00\;{\times}\;10^{-4}\;ml/g/sec$ in the septum, the inferior wall, the lateral wall, the anterior wall and the entire wall, respectively. In addition, it was noted that the dual exponentiality of the clearance curve is due to the recirculation effect and that the characteristic of the curve is essentially mono-exponential. Conclusion: $^{11}C$-Acetate is a radiotracer worthwhile to assess $MVO_2$. Re-circulated $^{11}C$ can influence TAC of $^{11}C$ in myocadia and so the recirculation correction must be considered when measuring $MVO_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 2007

In this study, $SiO_2/poly(ethylene-co-vinyl$ alcohol)(EVOH) hybrid coating materials with gas barrier property could be produced using sol-gel method. The biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) substrate with surface pretreatment was coated with the prepared hybrid sols containing various inorganic silicate component by a spin coating method. Crystallization behavior of the hybrids was investigated in terms of analysis of X-ray diffraction and cooling thermogram from DSC experiment. From the morphological observation of the $SiO_2/EVOH$ hybrid gel, it was confirmed that there existed an optimum content of inorganic silicate precursor, Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), to produce hybrid materials with dense microstructure, exhibiting uniformly dispersed silica particles with average size below 100 nm. When TEOS was added at below or above the optimum content, particle clusters with large domain were observed, resulting in phase separation. This morphological result was found to be in good agreement with that of oxygen permeability of the hybrid coated films. In the case of film coated with hybrid prepared from addition of 0.01 - 0.02mol of TEOS, a remarkable improvement in barrier property could be obtained, however, with the addition of TEOS more than 0.04 mol, the barrier property was dramatically reduced because of phase separation and micro-crack formation on the film surface.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.757-761
• /
• 2019

The catalytic yields of POM to hydrogen over M(1)-Ni(5)/AlCeO₃ (M = La, Ce, Y) were investigated using a fixed bed flow reactor under atmosphere. The crystal phase behavior of reduced La(1)-Ni(5)/AlCeO₃ catalysts before and after the reaction were studied via XRD analysis. FESEM and EDS analyses were further performed to show the uniformed distribution of La, Ni, and Ce metal particles on the catalyst surface. XPS results showed O^2-, O₂^2- species and metal ions such as Ce³⁺, Ce⁴⁺, La³⁺ and Ni²⁺ etc. were on the catalyst surface. When 1 wt% of La was added to Ni(5)/AlCeO₃ catalyst, Ni2p_3/2 and Ce3d_5/2 increased 52.7 and 6.3%, respectively. The yield of hydrogen on the La(1)-Ni(5)/AlCeO₃ catalyst was 89.1%, which was much better than that of M(1)-Ni(5)/AlCeO₃ (M = Ce, Y). As Ce⁴⁺ ions of CeO₂ produced by the reaction of AlCeO₃ with oxygen were substitute to La³⁺, it made oxygen vacancies in the lattice and further improved the hydrogen yield by increasing the dispersion of Ni atoms with strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effect.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 2012

Blending films having enhanced water-resistance and barrier properties were prepared using the mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) aqueous solution and poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) dispersed in water. Thermal-mechanical properties, contact angles, water-vapor transmission rates (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rates $(O_2TR)$ were measured with the content of EAA of blending films, and their water-resistance was evaluated. The tensile strength of the films was found to be $9.16{\sim}11.75\;kg/mm^2$ which showed no significant difference compared with that of PVA, and the hardness increased with the content of EAA. The glass transition temperature and melting temperature of the blending films were slightly improved. The film prepared with PVA/EAA (= 90/10), of which the swelling and solubility were measured to be 109 and 0%, respectively, showed improved water-resistance. The WVTR and $O_2TR$ for the PET film (thickness $50\;{\mu}m$) coated with PVA/EAA (= 90/10) film (thickness $2.5\;{\mu}m$) were measured to be $9.1\;g/m^2/day$ and $2.0\;cc/m^2/day$, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2011.10a
• /
• pp.44-44
• /
• 2011

Unipolar 구조의 양자점 발광소자는 소자에 주입되는 전자로 구동 가능하게 설계되어 bipolar 구조와 달리 직류뿐만 아니라 교류로도 구동이 가능하다. 소자의 구조는 패턴된 ITO 유리기판 위에 Radio frequency magnetron sputter로 성장시킨 투명한 금속산화층 사이에 콜로이드로 분산된 양자점이 포함되어 있다. 본 연구에서는, 전하 수송층으로 사용되는 Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO)가 전압 인가 시 발생하는 과부하로 인해 낮은 전계발광(electroluminescence, EL)특성이 나타나는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하고자 ZTO층의 비저항과 EL특성 사이의 관계를 알아보고, ZTO의 비저항 값을 변화시키기 위해 sputter 공정 중 인가 전력과 작업압력, 산소 분압 등의 성장 조건을 변화시켰다. ZTO의 조성비에 따른 비저항 및 전기적 특성을 홀 측정 장비로 측정하였다. 인가전력이 낮고 작업압력이 낮을수록 비저항 값이 낮았으며, 그에 따라 소자의 동작전압이 낮아지고 EL특성 또한 우수하게 나타났다.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2002

For low-smoke-type polyolefin compound, LDPE, EVA, and EEA as base resin, magnesium trihydrate, alumina trihydrate, and red phosphorous as flame retardant and MAH type compatibilizer were applied. The amount of each component was changed to find out optimum composition. Mechanical properties were obtained by tensile test and residual stress after aging and flame retardancy was evaluated by smoke density, LOI(Limit Oxygen Index), and UL-94 test. SEM was used for the investigation or morphology and halogen contents were obtained by measuring the amount of HCI. Two kinds of halogen free compositions for flame retardant and low smote resin were found and it is expected to be applied for various purposes.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.7 no.8
• /
• pp.694-700
• /
• 1997

TiC(001) 면위에 Mg 금속을 단원자층으로 증착시킨 후 산화 및 열처리 과정을 거쳐서 MgO 초박막을 성장시키고, 성장된 MgO 막의 전자상태 및 표면포논을 UPS, XPS 및 HREELS를 사용하여 측정하였다. 전도성 기판위에 epitaxial 산화물막을 성장시킨 후 성장된 막의 전자구조 및 표면포논을 측정함으로써 벌크에서 분리된 2차원적 특성을 갖는 '표면 모델'의 물성을 연구하고자 하였는데, 이러한 '표면모델'은 잘 배열된 원자구조를 얻을 수 있고 두께가 충분히 얇아서 전하축적을 피할 수 있기 때문이다. 기판으로는 MgO와 같은 암염형 결정구조를 갖고 있고, 격자상수 차이가 2.6% 로서 매우 작으며, 비저항이 매우 낮은 전이 금속 탄화물 중의 하나인 TiC(001) 면을 사용하였다. TiC(001)면에 증착된 MgO층의 UPS He-l 스펙트럼을 측정한 결과 O2p및 XPS스펙트럼은 열처리를 전후로 하여 변하지 않았으며, 이로부터 상온에서 산소의 확산만으로 MgO 상이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. MgO초박막의 표면 포논을 HREELS를 사용하여 검출하였다. 거시적 포논중에서 F-K 파 및 Rayleigh 모드가 관찰되었는데, F-k파는 MgO막의 2차원성으로 인하여 벌크의 경우보다 높은 진동 에너지를 갖고 있었고 Rayleigh모드는 벌크 MgO와 유사한 분산관계를 보였다. 미시적 포논중에서 Wallis(S/sub 2/)모드가 측정되었는데, 그 진동에너지는 벌크에서와 같고 off-specular방향에서도 소멸되지 않았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.112-112
• /
• 2017

광학적 전기적 특성이 우수한 Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)는 대표적인 투명전극으로 사용되어지고 있다. 하지만 Brittle한 성질로 인해서 플렉서블한 디바이스에 적용하기에는 어려움이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 용액 공정으로 제조 단가가 비교적 저렴하며, 높은 투과도와 전기전도 특성을 가지는 투명전극으로 주목받고 있는 차세대 투명전극인 AgNW에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. AgNW는 나노와이어가 네트워크를 형성하고 있어 높은 전도성과 광 투과도를 가지지만 용액 제조시에 분산에 용이하기 위해서 흡습성의 고분자 물질로 둘러싸여 있기 때문에 환경 안정성이 좋지 않다는 단점이 있다. 또한 나노와이어 간의 높은 접촉저항으로 인해서 접촉저항을 감소시키기 위한 후처리 공정이 요구되어진다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 AgNW 전극에 플라즈마 처리를 통해서 나노와이어간의 접촉저항을 감소시켜 전기적특성이 약 12% 향상됨을 확인하였다. 고온, 고습 장시간 안정성테스트 결과, 기존 AgNW 전극에 비해서 플라즈마 처리와 보호막을 형성한 AgNW는 저항증가율이 3배 이상 감소하여 환경안정성이 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 이는 흡습성 고분자 물질이 플라즈마 처리에 의해 제거되었고 보호막을 형성하여 산소와의 반응을 감소시켰기 때문으로 판단된다. 플라즈마 처리와 보호막을 형성한 AgNW 전극을 적용하여 투명히터, Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal(PDLC)등 다양한 디바이스에 적용한다면 기존의 AgNW 전극보다 높은 효율을 기대할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.519-528
• /
• 1993

The biodegradation experiment, the TOD analysis and the element analysis for dispersant, Bunker-C and dispersant/Bunker-C oil mixtures were conducted for the purposes of evaluating the biodegradability of dispersnat/Bunker-C oil mixtures and studying the consumption of dissolved oxygen with relation to biodegradation in the seawater. The results of biodegradation experiment showed the mixtures with $1:10{\sim}5:10$ mix ratios of dispersant to 4mg/l of Bunker-C oil to be $0.34{\sim}2.06mg/l$ of $BOD_5$ and to be $1.05{\sim}5.47mg/l$ of $BOD_{20}$ in natural seawater. The results of TOD analysis showed 1mg of Bunker-C oil to be 3.16mg of TOD. The results of element analysis showed the contents of carbon and hydrogen to be $87.3\%\;and\;11.5\%$ for Bunker-C oil, respectively, but nitrogen element was not detected in Bunker-C oil. The biodegradability of dispersant/Bunker-C oil mixture shown as the ratio of $BOD_5$/TOD was increased from $3\%\;to\;11\%$ as a mix ratio of dispersant to 4mg/l of Bunker-C oil changed from 1:10 to 5:10, and the mixtures were found to belong in the organic matter group of low-biodegradability. The deoxygenation rates($K_1$) and ultimate oxygen demands($L_o$) obtained through the biodegration experiment and Thomas slope method were found to be $0.072{\sim}0.097/day$ and $1.113{\sim}6.746mg/l$ for the mixtures with $1:10{\sim}5:10$ mix ratios of dispersant to 4mg/l of Bunker-C oil, respectively. The ultimate oxygen demand of mixture was increased as a mix ratio of dispersant to Bunker-C oil changed from 1:10 to 10:5. This means that the more dispersants are applied to the sea for Bunker-C oil cleanup, the more decreases the dissolved oxygen level in the seawater.