• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.186-190
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• 2005

본 연구는 울산 석유화학공단 지역을 중심으로 여천공단과 용연공단의 불포화 토양층에서 지표면하 1.0m 지점까지 3구간 $(GL-0{\sim}0.2m,\;0.2{\sim}0.5m,\;0.5{\sim}1.0m)$으로 나누어 토양을 채취하여 토양환경보전법에서 규제하는 중금속 성분을 실내분석 하였다. 연구지역의 토양내 pH는 모든 구간에서 평균 $6.9{\sim}7.0$으로 나타났으며, 대체적으로 $7.5{\sim}8.5$ 사이의 약알칼리성을 가지며 공장이 밀집한 지역에서는 pH $4.1{\sim}4.5$ 정도의 강한 산성을 나타내었다. 연구지역의 토양내 중금속은 Cd, CU, Pb, As, Hg, Ni, $Cr^{+6}$ 및 Zn 성분이 분석되었다. Zn와 $Cr^{+6}$ 성분을 제외하고는 시료채취 구간별 함량의 차이는 거의 나타나지 않았다. $Cr^{+6}$과 Zn 성분은 $0{\sim}0.2m$ 구간에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.99-102
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 대표적인 물리 화학적 토양정화방법인 토양세척기법의 효율증진을 위하여, Fe를 다량 함유한 고농도 윤활유 오염토양을 대상으로 알카리 용액과 산성용액의 세척효율을 비교 검토하고, 과산화수소의 첨가에 따른 세척효율의 향상효과를 알아보았다. 세척용제인 NaOH와 HCl를 이용하여 세척효율 검토 결과 NaOH를 이용한 경우에 약 60% 의 세척효율을 나타냈다. 또한 NaOH 농도에 따른 정화 효율은 각각 0.5% > 1% $\geq$ 2% 순서로 증가하였다. 기존의 세척효율을 향상시키기 위하여 과산화수소를 첨가하고 오염토양의 정화효율을 비교 검토한 결과 NaOH용액에서는 과산화수소의 농도가 증가할수록 정화효율이 증가하였으나 NaOH의 농도증가에 대해서는 큰 영향을 보이지 않았으며, NaOH 3%의 농도에서 과산화수소 1%를 첨가했을 때 85%의 정화효율을 나타냈다. 또한 과산화수소 주입시기에 따른 영향을 검토한 결과 세척 후 과산화수소를 주입한 경우에 정화효율이 높았다. 반면에 HCl의 경우는 HCl의 농도가 증가할수록 정화효율이 증가하였고, 세척하지 않고 과산화수소를 주입한 경우에 정화효율이 증가하였다. 고농도의 윤활유 오염토양의 세척효율을 증진시키기 위한 처리로서 과산화수소의 주입은 NaOH 상태에서 그 효율이 약 15%정도 증진되었으며, 일정시간에 이르면 정화효율이 평형에 도달하는 것을 알 수 있었다. HCl 상태에서는 25%의 정화효율이 증진되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

Much of the coal ash by thermal power plant has gradually been increased, however researches on the recycling of bottom ash has not been investigated enough so far. In this research, the lysimeter test was conducted to find out the possibilities of bottom ash as soil amendment to improve the physiochemical properties of sandy topsoil of turfgrass in golf course. The turfgrass growth test and leaching test were conducted on the lysimeter. The lysimeter columns were manufactured with various topsoil mixing ratios of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50% of bottom ash with sand. As a result of leachate analysis through the lysimeter column, the higher ratios of bottom ash mixed affect significantly on water holding capacity of topsoil sand media with decreasing of the percolation rate. The results of leachate analysis in every three days interval, the pH of leachate increased with the bottom ash ratios, but the volume of $NO_3$-N, $NH_4$-N and K decreased significantly. However, the level of EC of leachate had constantly maintained. These results indicate that the application of bottom ash may improve turfgrass growth with water holding capability and fertility of sandy topsoil. However, the negative effects of the bottom ash also evaluated by reducing water permeability and solubility of $PO_4$-P by adsorption into soil particles. The results indicates that the reasonable mixing ratio of the bottom ash as soil amendment should be less than 20% (v/v) with sand which has a low water-holding and fertility in golf course topsoil layers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1996

This survey was conducted to investigate the chemical properties of soils cultivated medicinal plants. The soils were collected at 254 sites(Angelica gigas : 81, Astragalus membranceus : 38, Platycodn glandiflorum : 36, Paeonia albiflora : 34, Codonopsis lanoceolata : 32, Ligusticum chuanxiong : 17. Bupleurum falcatum : 16, respectively) throughout the country by 0-15cm depth. The chemical properties of soils were pH 5.6, O.M 3.0%. Av.$P_2O_5$ : 405 mg/kg, Ex.K : $0.67cmol^+/kg$, Ex.Ca : $6.3cmol^+/kg$, Ex.mg : $1.6cmol^+/kg$. The percentage distribution of pH on the basis of soil sample numbers were much more at the 5.1-6.0 range than any other ranges, especially those of below pH 6.0 were 83-91% for Angelica gigas, Platycodn glandiflorum and Codonopsis lanoceolata. The distribution of OM and Av.$P_2O_5$ in soils were much at the 2.1-4.0% and above 500mg/kg ranges, respectively. And the content of those in soils cultivated with Platycodn glandiflorum were lower than any other medicinal plants. The distribution of exchangeable cations in soils were much at the 0.2-0.8, 2.1-4.0 and $0.5-2.0cmol^+/kg$ of Ex.K. Ca and mg. respectively, and the contents were higher in soils cultivated Astragalus membranceus. and lower in soils cultivated Platycodn glandiflorum and Codonopsis lanoceolata than any other samples.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 1984

A pot experiment was conducted to learn the effect of non-compounded and compounded (with super phosphate) liquid fertilizers made of amino acid fermentation by product and the time of their application on the emergences and yield of orchard grass. Results obtained as follows; 1. The Application of the liquid fertilizers, on seeding day of the orchard grass raised soil pH and salt concentration more than the application on the days before seeding and decreased the number of sprouts of the grass which also lead to a lower yield of the grass compared with the latter. 2. Liquid compound fertilizer, however, tended to reduce the harmful effect on sprouting orchard grass compared with non-compounded liquid fetilizer, particulary in soil of on-lime applied. 3. The application of liquid and liquid compound fetilizers on somewhat acidic bare land a quite ahead of seeding or transplanting crops may not only reduce the effect of the fertilizers, provided the land is free from washing by rain or irrigation water, but also provide better conditions for sprouting and early growth of plant seedings than the use at the pre-seeding or pro-transplanting time.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 1975

The rate and extent of decomposition of rice straw and compost in an acid sulfate soil amended with urea and lime and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic(flooded) conditions were investigated in the laboratory. Results are summarized as follows: 1. The rate of compost(alone) decomposition in a flooded soil was more than twice as high as all other treatments, which included rice straw+urea, rice straw+lime, rice straw (alone), and compost+lime. Lime appeared to suppress the decomposition of compost in a flooded soil but actually enhanced its decomposition under aerobic conditions. 2. Compost decomposition in both anaerobic and aerobic environments was characterized by single maximum peak rates of $CO_2$ evolution that were reached soon after the start of incubation. 3. Both urea and lime greatly increased the rate and extent of rice straw decomposition in the soil when incubated aerobically, although urea had a greater effect than did liming. Decomposition rates were characterized by the appearance of two maximum peak rates, a greater primary peak and a smaller secondary peak. 4. The percent decomposition of rice straw in soil incubated aerobically was approximately half (10.8%) that of compost(23.1%). However, percent decomposition of these substrates in soil amended with lime was essentially the same; i.e., rice straw+lime (29.4%) and compost+lime(31.6%). 5. There is a need to investigate the possible interaction between the addition of lime (pH) and supplemental nitrogen applied to acid sulfate soils and how this interaction might affect the decomposition of organic wastes and residues.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2013

The objective of study was to protect seabird breeding site and vegetation restoration of Chilbal and Sokugul island in Shinan county Jeonnam province, April and December 2011. We analyzed the soil properties according to the dominant communities and environmental gradient. As a result, It was highly analyzed to moisture content, organic matter, salinity, total nitrogen in Commelina communis community and low analyzed in Achyranthes japonica community. Carex boottiana community which mainly used as a seabird habitat has a wide range and Achyranthes japonica and Artemisia princeps community was narrowed to soil properties. Soil pH of Carex boottiana community in Sogugul island was the lowest on 3.14 and Peucedanum japonicum community was the highest. Soil moisture content and organic matter was analyzed by the high value in Peucedanum japonicum community. In contrast, Achyranthes japonica was the low value and Carex boottiana community was analyzed the highest on the salinity and total nitrogen. On the soil environmental characteristics according to the environmental gradient, The higher altitude, moisture content, organic matter, salinity and total nitrogen was the lower in Chilbal island. In the case of Sokugul island, the altitude difference did not show the characteristics of soil environmental factors for small area and low altitude. But moisture content is similar to soil property of Chilbal island. Soil property was strongly acid soil because of seabird dropping. This results will be helpful to manage the invasive plants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

The effect of soil salinity and soil-wetting by rise of water table on the growth of fruit trees was studied to obtain information for orchard establishment in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land. Survival ratio of trees was 85%for grape, 31%for fig, 15%for apple and pear, and near zero for peach and blueberry. Wet injury induced by water-logged or flooded condition, rather than salt injury(soil EC was lower than 3.0dS $m^{-1}$ during growing period) is thought to be more responsible for low survival ratio of fruit trees transplanted in Saemangeum area. During the summer raining season in the reclaimed areas, the soil salinity tends to be decreased by natural rainfall effect, and the rainfall acceptable capacity(RAC) of soils dramatically is reduced(10-24 mm) as rainfall is continued to occur. In spite of high hydraulic conductivity(121 cm $day^{-1}$) of soils across the area, low RAC of soils might be due to high soil saturation and elevated water table during summer raining season. Therefore, the installation of effective drainage system should be the primary factor determining successful establishment of orchard in the Saemangeum reclaimed tidal land.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to investigate damage conditions of cut slope structures due to acid rock drainage (ARB) and to assess the acid production potential of various rocks. Acid rock drainage is produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals contained in coal mine zone and mineralization belt of Pyeongan supergroup and Ogcheon group, pyrite-bearing andesite, and Tertiary acid sulfate soils in Korea. Most of cut slopes producing ARB have been treated with shotcrete to reduce ARD. According to the field observations, ARD had an adverse effect on slope structures. The corrosion of shotcrete, anchors and rock bolts and the bad germination and growth diseases of covering plants due to ARD were observed in the field. The concentration of heavy metals and pH of ARD from cut slope exceeded the environmental standard, indicating a high potential of environmental pollution of surrounding soil, surface water and ground water by the ARD. According to acid base accounting (ABA) of the studied samples, hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, tuffs, coaly shales, tailings of metallic mine had a relatively high potential of acid production but gneiss and granite had no or less acid production potential. It is expected that the number of cut slopes will increase hereafter considering the present construction trend. In order to reduce the adverse effect of ARD in construction sites, we need to secure the data base for potential ARD producing area and to develop the ARD reduction technologies suitable.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1988

This study was carried out with two cultivars under two levels of pH and four levels of nitrogen fertilization in a field and nutri-culture experiments to obtain the information about the effects of pH and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and yield of soybean. Acidic condition suppressed the growth of soybean plants, and thus yield and yield components of soybean decreased under acidic condition. But they increased with increased nitrogen fertilization. Especially, these respones were more remarkable under acidic condition and in the variety Jangbaegkong. Grain yield of soybean were highly correlated with the content of allantoin and total nitrogen of soybean plants in the variety Jangbaegkong, but this was not in the variety Danyeobkong. The content of protein and fat of soybean seeds decreased under acidic condition, and more nitrogen fertilization increased the protein content, but decreased the fat content.