• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

Noticing the intrinsic growing habit variations of hardwood species which is indigenous to the natural deciduous forest, eighteen tree species in overstory were selected for comparative evaluating tree form so as to develop the tree form index (TFI). Selected six tree form attributes were arbitrarily divided four assessment criteria and given appropriate scores. Eighteen tree species were undergone corresponding scores, converted to percentage base, and estimated TFI by the summation of the six scoring values. Cluster analysis was carried out to review which attribute would have been shared among species based on dissimilarity of scores for each pair of species in $18{\times}6$ data matrix. The result showed that Populus davidiana had the highest TFI value of 80.8 and Carpinus cordata had the lowest TFI va1ue of 46.3. The species which received more than 70 of TFI are Populus davidiana, Betula costata, Fraxinus mandshurica, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, characterized by the advantage of straight and longer bole, the narrower crown, and the thinner branch. On the contrary, such species as Sorbus alnifolia. Prunus sargentii, Acer mandshuricum, Juglans mandshurica, and Carpinus cordata received less than 60 of TFI, characterized by the disadvantage of the crooked or forked stem. the wider or deeper crown. and the thicker branch. In the dendrogram produced by cluster analysis, arbitrary value of Euclidean distance 10 divided eighteen species into four distinctive groups. and the typical characteristics of each group were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.117-118
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• 2010

위성 주사 및 촬영자료는 지표면의 반사광을 다중분광 형태로 주사하여 기록된다. 그리나 각 밴드에 기록된 지표복사체의 반사치는 피복체의 분광특성만을 나타내기 보다는 태양고도 및 방위, 그리고 지형 등에 따른 방향성 영향이 포함되기 때문에 산림의 관리 및 이용을 위한 기초자료로 식생지수를 추정할 때에 오차의 범위를 넘어 오류가 발생한다. 따라서 동일 방향성 조건의 수종에 따른 고유 정규식생지수(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, 이하 NDVI) 값을 구하기 위해서는 지형효과에 대한 보정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 QuickBird 다중분광(MS)자료 기반의 NDVI값을 사면향별로 분석하여 산림 NDVI의 방향성을 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.139-144
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• 2003

수종, 영급, 밀도 등과 같은 산림의 특성을 나타내는 임상구분은 주로 항공사진 육안판독을 통하여 이루어져 왔다. 최근 항공사진과 유사한 공간해상도를 갖춘 고해상도 위성영상이 제공되면서 이를 이용한 임상구분의 가능성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 울산 인근 산림지역의 1m 공간해상도의 IKONOS 입체쌍 영상을 이용하여 임상 판독의 가능성을 분석하였다. IKONOS영상은 기존의 수치임상도와의 중첩을 위하여 수치고도자료(DEM)를 이용한 정사보정을 수행하였으며, 분광밴드의 조합을 통한 칼라영상을 이용하여 육안판독을 시도하였다. 육안판독결과 IKONOS 칼라합성영상에서 천연 소나무림과 활엽수림의 육안구분이 흑백항공사진에 비해 뚜렷하게 나타나는 것을 볼 수 있었으며, 임분의 밀도가 영상에서 나타나는 질감과 패턴의 차이로 구분이 가능하였다. 또한 기존의 임상도를 중첩하여 최근 산지개발, 산불 등으로 훼손된 지점에 대한 구분이 용이하기 때문에 기존의 수치임상도를 화연상에서 직접 갱신함으로써 최근의 산림현황정보의 유지를 하는데 적합한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.379-388
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• 1999

As a first step for delineating the provenance regions of the forest trees in Korea, horizontal zones have been deduced primarily from the various climatic factors such as annual mean temperature, extremely low temperature, relative humidity, annual gum of possible growing days, duration of sunshine and dry index. The basic concept to the delineation of the provenance regions was based on the ecological regions, which was likely to be more practical than that on the basis of the typical provenance regions at the species level. Primary classification of the regions has been based on the forest zones(sub-tropical, warm-temperate, mid-temperate and cool-temperate) as a broad geographic region. Further classification has been carried out using cluster analyses among the basic regions within forest zone. On the basis of clustering, a total of 19 regions including 3 from sub-tropical, 6 from warm-temperate, 8 from mid-temperate and 2 from cool-temperate was horizontally delineated. Of the mean values of 6 climate factors at the broad geographic region level, three factors such as annual mean temperature, extremely low temperature, annual growing days showed directional tendencies from subtropical to cool-temperate, while the others didn't. The values of relative humidity, duration of sunshine and dry index varied among the provenance regions within forest zone. These three factors might he more sensitive by the micro-environment condition than by the macro-environment condition. Present study aimed to delineate the primary provenance regions for tentative application to forest practices. These will be stepwise revised through the supplement using accumulated information regard to genecological data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2011

This study was conducted to provide on a basic information for maintenance of roadside trees and identify the links between environmental pollution and tree damages (Ginkgo biloba, Platanus occidentalis) in Daejeon City by analyzing photosynthetic characteristics, water use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents by the regions and plants. The investigations were conducted at Chungnam national university(CNU) considered as the least air-polluted area compared to other study sites, Daedeok science town(DS) which a new road with little traffic recently was built around, Daehwa industry complex(DIC) and Daejeon station(DS) which an old road with heavy is located around. The photosynthetic capacity of the two species were highest in CNU and lowest in the DS. However the water use efficiency was highest on the contrary to the photosynthetic capacity in DS. Chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll contents were highest in CNU and lowest in DS as the photosynthetic capacity. On all of the test, Ginkgo biloba shows the more favorable physiological responses than Platanus occidentalis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.273-281
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• 1999

In this study, linear programming (LP) was applied to solving for optimal harvesting schedules of multiple-use forest management in Mt. Kari area managed by Chunchun National Forest Station. Associated with the geographic characteristics, the study area was classified into 4 large management units or watersheds and simultaneously applied were the site-specific levels of management constraints : nondeclining yield, initial cut for existing stands, % cut area, the volume of soil erosion, timber production and carbon storage, ending inventory condition and % area species selection for regeneration. The problem was formulated using both Model I and Model II techniques. In this paper, the formulations are presented and the results of the optimal solutions are discussed for comparison purposes.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

In an effort to evaluate the qualities of the unused woods designed for art materials, Yellow pine, Pitch pine, Suwon poplar, Platanus and Cherry grown in Korea has been investigated in the study. Physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, roughness, and abrasion of the woods were examined. Among the five species, Cherry wood showed the highest density in green, air-dried and oven-dried conditions. Hardness of Cherry wood was higher than those of Suwon poplar and Platanus. In softwoods, Pitch pine showed greater hardness than Yellow pine. Yellow pine and Platanus had the highest values of wood surface roughness. Abrasion value of cross, radial and tangential sections was the highest in Yellow pine and Suwon poplar. It has been concluded from the experiment that physical and mechanical properties such as density, hardness, roughness, and abrasion of the woods can be used as an indicator of the suitability for woodcraft material.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 2019

The aim of our study was to compare the wound responses and fine root development after root cutting and wound dressing among different tree species. The roots (2~4 cm in diameter) of mature Pinus densiflora, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, and Zelkova serrata grown in Sangju, South Korea, were cut every 6 months from May 2014 to November 2016. The cut roots were subjected to pastes of vaseline and organic fertilizer. Six months after cutting, fine root development in the cut roots was examined. There was a significant increase in the fine root development in P. serrulata and Z. serrata; however, the development was rarely observed in P. densiflora. Zelkova serrata showed the highest fine root development among the three species in both the control and organic paste treatment groups. No significant differences in fine root development were observed in P. serrulata among the treatments. These results indicate that different tree species exhibit different responses to wound dressing after root cutting, which suggests that specific treatments must be applied to specific tree species.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.393-399
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• 2017

According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all parties have to submit the national GHG inventory report. Estimating carbon stocks and changes in Land Use, Land-Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF) needs an activity data and emission factors. So this study was conducted to develop carbon emission factor for Robinia pseudoacacia L., Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Liriodendron tulipifera. As a result, the basic wood density ($g/cm_3$) was 0.64 for R. pseudoacacia, 0.55 for B. platyphylla, and 0.46 for L. tulipifera. Biomass expansion factor was 1.47 for R. pseudoacacia, 1.30 for B. platyphylla, and 1.24 for L. tulipifera. Root to shoot ratio was 0.48 for R. pseudoacacia, 0.29 for B. platyphylla, and 0.23 for L. tulipifera. Uncertainty of estimated emission factors on three species ranged from 3.39% to 27.43% within recommended value (30%) by IPCC. We calculated carbon stock and change using these emission factors. Three species stored carbon in forest and net $CO_2$ removal was $1,255,398\;t\;CO_2/yr$ during 5 years. So we concluded that our result could be used as emission factors for national GHG inventory report on forest sector.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.4
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• pp.567-582
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• 2022

Chainsaw use for motor-manual timber harvesting in South Korea is associated with worker safety issues. However, forestry operations such as timber harvesting have already been mechanized to reduce hazards to workers and increase productivity. This study analyzed the productivities and costs of felling and processing, felling and processing using an excavator-based stroke harvester for Pinus rigida and Quercus mongolica stands. To efficiently operate the stroke harvester, we developed a regression equation to estimate the productivities of felling and processing, felling, and processing operations,and we conducted sensitivity analysis of the operation costs using DBH and machine utilization. The felling and processing productivity was 6.53 and 4.02 m³/SMH for P. rigida a nd Q. mongolica, respectively, and the cost was 17,983 and 29,210 won/m³, respectively. The felling productivity for P. rigida a nd Q. mongolica wa s 40.9 and 23.0 m³/SMH, respectively, and the cost was 2,667 and 4,743 won/m³, respectively. The processing productivity for P. rigida and Q. mongolica was 8.25 and 7.75 m³/SMH, respectively, and the cost was 15,296 and 16,283 won/m³, respectively. In the developed regression equation, the DBH, traveling distance, and number of cuttings were found to be important factors (p<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to construct a DB considering the various conditions and species associated with harvester operations, and further research is needed to increase the accuracy of predicting operation productivity and costs.