• Proceedings of the Korea Forestry Energy Research Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.108-111
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korea Forestry Energy Research Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.78-80
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.99-100
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• 2001

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2009

Reclamation area is characterized by high soil salinity and high ground water table that are not favorable environment for tree growth. However, the increasing demand to convert the reclamation area from rice cultivation fields to industrial or residential complex, or parks accompanies the idea of introduction of trees in the area. This study aimed to suggest better performed tree species for the tree planting in the Seosan reclamation area, Chungchungnam-do. Seedlings of 8 tree species (Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Chionanthus retusus, Cornus kousa, Prunus sargentii, Quercus acutissima, and Zelkova serrata) were planted in 4 types of 10 m ${\times}$ 10 m experimental plots. The survival rate and the height growth of seedlings were measured from April 2006 to November 2008 on an annual basis. The experimental plots were constructed using 2 different soil material (dredged sand and dredged sand + forest soil), and 2 soil covering depth (1.5 m and 2.0 m). The tree species showed different survival rates for 3 years since planting (F = 9.632, P < 0.001). C. kousa, Q. acutissima, and P. sargentii showed high mortality rate while P. thunbergii, M. glyptostroboides and Z. serrata showed lower mortality rates. The seedling height growth for 3 years was also significantly different among species (F=4.749, P=0.002). Most of seedlings showed lower height growth in the second year, and the growth began to recover in the third year after transplanting. The survival rate and the growth of the seedlings were better in higher soil covering depth and forest soil material plots regardless of species. The combination of rank orders in survival rate and relative height growth indicates that P. thunbergii, M. glyptostroboides and Z. serrata would perform better than other species used in the experiment, while C. retusus, C. kousa and P. sargenti may not adapt well to this area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.75 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1986

This study was designed to investigate the karyotype analysis of Juniperus chinensis and its seven varieties, and P. densiflora and P. densiflora for. multicaulis. Following results were obtained. 1. Three varieties, J. chinensis v. kaizuka, J. chinensis v. aureo-variegata and J. chinensis v. procumbens are turned out as tetraploids. 2. Varieties having many long chromosomes and long mean relative length of chromosomes are J. chinensis and J. chinensis v. aureo-globosa, while varieties having short chromosomes are J. chinensis v. horizontalis and J. chinensis v. globosa. 3. Varieties with high mean ratio of long arm length to short arm are J. chinensis v. globosa and J. chinensis v. kaizuka, while a variety with the low mean ratio is J. chinensis v. aureo-globosa. 4. When chromosomes are arranged according to the total length, the most similar variety with J. chinensis was J. chinensis v. sargentii, J. chinensis v. horizontalis, J. chinensis v. globosa and J. chinensis v. aureo-globosa, while the least similar one was J. chinensis v. procumbens. 5. Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis has shorter mean relative length of chromosome than P. densiflora, while the arm ratio of the former is higher than the latter. 6. When chromosomes are arranged according to the total length, six chromosomes showed the same order between the two varieties. 7. P. densiflora for. multicaulis has many chromosomes with secondary constriction.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.372-380
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• 1996

This study was carried out to study the resistant substances to pine needle gall midge and seasonal variation of phenolic compounds in pine needles among susceptible and resistant species to pine needle gall midge. Free and water soluble phenolic compounds contained in pine needles showed seasonal variations among pine species. But, catechol, vanillic acid and syringic acid including phenolic compounds showed no variation between pine species, even the amount of those component varied by the seasons. Salicylic acid in pine needles showed 140ppm in Pinus virginiana, 35ppm in Pinus thunbergii and 72ppm in hybrid pine, Pinus thunbergii${\times}$P. virginiana, but traces in Pinus densiflora on May and June, hatching season in larvae of pine needle gall midge. There was high level of salicylic acid in resistant species to pine needle gall midge but traces in susceptible species. As our previous researches, the necrosis rate of larvae of pine needle gall midge showed high level on the solution of phenolic compounds extracted from needles of P. virginiana and salicylic acid, and there was no gall formation in P. virginiana, so that salicylic acid in pine needles seems to have relation with those results. Therefore, it is estimated that salicylic acid is resistant substance to pine needle gall midge.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.324-332
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of container types on seedling growth of Betula costata, Liriodendron tulipifera, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Zelkova serrata, and Ulmus parvifolia in the container nursery system. We used three container types [20 cavities (150 seedlings/$m^2$-400 mL), 24 cavities (200 seedlings/$m^2$-320 mL), and 35 cavities (260 seedlings/$m^2$-240 mL)] and measured root collar diameter (RCD), height, biomass, seedling quality index (SQI), and root density. The root collar diameter, height, biomass, SQI, and root density of seedlings were the highest at 20 cavities/tray in all six species because this container type has the largest volume and lowest seedling density. However, F. rhynchophylla growth at both 20 and 24 cavities/tray, Z. serrata growth at both 24 and 35 cavities/tray and B. costata growth at all sizes were not significantly different. As expected, container volume was positively correlated with RCD, height, and biomass of five species except for Z. serrata, but seedling density negatively did. Based on these results, 20 cavities/tray are optimal for L. tulipifera, F. mandshurica, and U. parvifolia, 20 or 24 cavities/tray for F. rhynchophylla, 24 or 35 cavities/tray for Z. serrata, and 35 cavities/tray for B. costata, respectively. Usage of optimal container will make us get good quality seedlings as well as reduction of production costs in the container nursery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 1990

The relative aluminium tolerance of 5 Populus species (Populus davidiana, P. maximowiczii, P. nigra, P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa, and P. nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowicizii) was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog medium with 5 levels of aluminium-EDTA concentration (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0mM). The number of root initiation of 5 Populus species was significantly affected by the medium containing various levels of aluminium concentration. The native poplar, P. davidiana showed the highest aluminium tolerance among 5 species and even stimulated shoot and root growth on the medium containing at the low levels aluminium, 0.1 to 0.2 mM concentrations. The medium containing 1.0 mM aluminium inhibited root initiation from plantlets of all species except P. davidiana. Plantlets cultured on the medium with more than 0.5 mM aluminium exhibited retarded growth and abnormal leaf shape. P. nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowiczii exhibited significantly higher aluminium tolerance than its parental species. Silvicultural aspects associated with aluminium tolerance of Populus are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 2020

Street trees are very important to urban environments as they can alleviate air pollution. However, when ozone is absorbed through the stomata, it can induce the formation of free radicals inside the tree, negatively affecting the vegetation. The present study investigated the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) of four major street tree species: Prunus yedoensis, Zelkova serrata, Chionanthus retusus, and Pinus densiflora. Two-year-old seedlings were placed in a phytotron and fumigated with 100 nL·L^-1 (ppb) ozone for 4 weeks, following which the ascorbic acid contents, chlorophyll contents, leaf pHs, and relative water contents were measured. There was no significant difference in the APTI of Prunus yedoensis and Zelkova serrata between the ozone and control treatments. By contrast, the ozone treatment caused the APTI of Chionanthus retusus to increase and that of Pinus densiflora to decrease compared with the respective controls. These results suggest that the APTI of these tree species exhibit very different responses to ozone. Therefore, more detailed research should be conducted on a range of species in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 1999

We observed that the thick outer bark layer of Quercus variabilis hindered oak longicorn beetle (Moechotypa diphysis) from laying its eggs in inner bark (secondary phloem tissues). The outer bark thickness of Q. variabilis was average of 7.4mm, while those of Q. mongolica. Q. serrata and Q. acutissima were average of 1.1mm, 1.3mm and 2.0mm, respectively. Inner bark thickness was 4.8mm in Q. acutissima and 3.6-3.9mm in the other oak species. The outer shape of ovipositional holes on the bark by the longicorn beetle was $8-12mm{\times}6-8mm$ wide oval in Q. variabilis, whereas $5-9mm{\times}1-5mm$ narrow fusiform in the other oak species. Oak longicorn beetle drilled average of three ovipositional holes per a 1.2m-long log in a few Q. variabilis logs and its ovipositional rate was 15%. Compared to this, the longicorn beetle preferred Q. mongolica. All the 32 investigated logs of this oak species were drilled to have 20 ovipositional holes per a log and ovipositional rate was 56%. One third of the eggs laid already hatched in early June to damage the inner bark. It seems that oak longicorn beetle prefers oak species with smooth, thin and stable outer bark surface.