• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 2016

The present study was to survey the site environment, vegetation structure and soil characteristics in the wild habitats of Acer tegmentosum Maxim. and offers basic information for habitats conservation and restoration. Most of the wild habitats were located at altitudes between 605~1,413m with inclinations ranged as 8~30°. The bare rock rate were 8~50%. The vegetation structure by the PC-ORD based on the Two Way Cluster Analysis were divided into three groups Community I(Acer tegmentosum - Quercus mongolica), Community II(Acer tegmentosum - Carpinus cordata), Community III(Quercus mongolica - Tilia amurensis). The species diversity(H') was highest in Community II as 1.474, Community I was 1.471, Community III was 1.219. The soil textures were Clay loam, The average soil pH was 4.8, Soil organic matter was 15.15% and available phosphorus was 2.33ppm. Ordination analysis result by soil characteristics, community, characteristic species showed that the greatest effect factors were slope, altitude, tree and shrub's cover rate, organic matter, total-nitrogen, calcium, magnesium. Correlation analysis between environment factor result showed that O.M. - (T.N., K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC), T.N. - (K+, Mg2+, CEC, EC) were positive correlations.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.214-224
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• 2024

In this study, the growth, physical characteristics of fruit and soil chemistry were investigated by grouping S. thea populations. The soil for each group was sandy loam or sandy loam, and it was analyzed to be slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH ranging from 5.6 to 7.0. Additionally, the leaf size was highest in the G7 group, and overall fruit growth was highest in the G1 group, confirming differences between the groups. The sweetness ranged from 16.8° Brix to 12.3° Brix, indicating a higher sweetness compared to Vaccinium oldhamill, blueberry, and blackberry. The correlation analysis between soil chemistry and S. thea growth characteristics revealed a significant negative correlation between calcium (Ca) and fruit growth characteristics. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between sodium (Na) and fruit acidity, as well as between cation exchange capacity (CEC) and fruit hardness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

In this study we quantified the long-term change in discharge against precipitation in a forested watershed and investigated how the growth of forest trees influences these changes. We found a proportional relationship between precipitation and discharge for each year, and discharge decreased gradually with time. Precipitation and discharge were highest in July and August, and the changes in precipitation, discharge, and runoff rate did not always coincide, given that high runoff rate was shown in August and September. The monthly coefficient of variation (CV) for discharge was larger than that for precipitation, and the deviation between precipitation and discharge increased gradually. From 2011 to 2017, the gradient of the trend line for the change of total discharge and direct runoff against precipitation decreased, whereas the gradient of the base flow increased in this same time period. A possible explanation is that the water holding capacity of soil deposits increased as the forest soil of the Palgong Mountain watershed developed and the increase of base flow rose with groundwater level together with that of outflow quantity. The coefficient of flood recession was lower in the period 2011 to 2017 than in 2003 to 2010; thus, the reduction of discharge was mitigated and remained steady as time progressed. We conclude from these results that the discharge of surface runoff decreased as tree growth and base flow increased; however, the water yield function of the forest increased gradually.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.31
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• pp.36-44
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• 1998

우리 나라에서 토양의 점토광물에 관한 최초의 연구는 1958년 김제지방의 답 토양에 관한 연구로 (Dewan, 1958)시작되었다. 1960년대 시작하여 1970년대 까지는 주로 토양점토광물의 동정이 이루어 졌다. 점토광물의 동정(同定)에 사용된 잔적토(殘積土)(Residual Soil)로는 화강암(花崗岩), 화강편마암(花崗片麻岩), 현무암(玄武岩), 석회암(石灰岩), 혈암(頁岩), 제(第)3기층(紀層), 홍적층(洪積層) 유래 토양과 토양종류별(土壤種類別)로는 과부식회색토(寡腐植灰色土), 염류토(鹽類土), 충적토(沖積土), 적황색토(赤黃色土), 화산회토(火山灰土), 퇴적토(堆積土), 갈색토(褐色土), 암쇄토(岩碎土), 저위생산답(低位生産畓)이였으며, 토양점토광물(土壤粘土鑛物)과 작물수량성(作物收量性) 관계에 관한 연구가 실시되었다. 1980년대에 들어와서는 토양중의 1차광물과 점토광물의 풍화에 대한 안정도와 1차광물의 동정이 행해졌으며, 이밖에 Kaolinite 입자의 전하에 관한 연구등 점토광물의 흡착과 활성 연구, 점토광물의 토양개량재로서의 흡착과 화학적 특성 변화 연구와 점토광물의 토양개량 시용효과에 관한 연구가 행해졌다. 1990년대에 들어와서는 토양 중의 1차광물과 점토광물의 정량에 대한 자료가 축척되었고, 토양의 풍화에 대한 안정성과 생성기작, Zeolite와 새로운 광물이 합성되었다. 또한 합성광물을 이용한 농업과 산업광물로의 응용성 환경 산업에서의 적용가능성에 대한 평가가 시도되었다. 토양의 점토광물의 조성에 관한 연구는 토양 모재를 중심으로 이루어졌는데, 화강암(花崗岩)에서는 Halloysite, 화강편마암(花崗片麻岩)에서는 Kaolinite, Metahalloysite, Illite, 산성암(酸性岩)에서는 Kaolinite, Venrmiculite와 Chlorite의 중간광물, 현무암(玄武岩)에서는 Illite, Kaolinite, Vermiculite, 석회암(石灰岩)에서는 Vermiculite-Chlorite 중간광물, Kaolinite와 Illite, 혈암(頁岩)에서는 Kaolinite, Halloysite, Illite 외 Vermiculite-Chlorite, 화산회토(火山灰土)에서는 Allophane이 주광물이었다. Soil Taxonomy와 토양광물과의 관계에서, 답 토양에서는 Entisols의 주점토광물은 2:1형과 1:1형 광물이지만 Inceptisols와 Alfisols에서는 Halloysite가 대부분이다. 밭 토양의 경우는 Alfisols의 주점토광물은 Vermiculite, Illite, Kaolinite이었고, Ultisols에서는 Vermiculite-Chlorite 중간광물이었다. 산림토양에서는 Inceptisols중에서 Andept는 Allophane, Alfisols에서는 2:1 광물이지만, Ultisols에서는 Halloysite이다. 모재별 조암 광물의 풍화와 점토광물의 생성과정에서 화강암(花崗岩)과 화강편마암(花崗片麻岩)의 장석류(長石類)는 kaoline광물로, 이 밖의 운모광물(雲母鑛物), 녹니석(綠泥石), 각섬석(角閃石), 휘석(輝石)으로부터 생성된 illite, chlorite, vermiculite는 풍화중간에 혼층단계(混層段階)를 거쳐서 kaoline 광물로 풍화된다. 석회암(石灰岩) 토양의 smectite가 Mg농도가 높은 토양용액으로부터 침전되어 생성되었거나 운모 또는 chlorite에서 유래된 vermiculite의 변성작용에 의해 생성되고, 혈암(頁岩)토양의 점토에 illite가 주로 풍화에 저항성이 큰 미립자의 함수백운모(含水白雲母)로부터 유래되며, 현무암(玄武岩) 중의 장석류(長石類)는 kaoline광물로, 휘석(輝石)은 chlorite${\rightarrow}$illite의 풍화과정을 거친다. Zeolite, 함불석 Bentonite, Bentonite 등 우량점토 광물이 분포과 광물조성, 이화학적 특성이 조사되었고, 토양의 물리적, 화학적 성질의 개선을 필요로 하는 토양의 개량을 위해서 Bentonite, Zeolite, Vermiculite 등의 토양 개량재(改良材)로서의 기초연구와 이들 개량재 시용효과에 관한 연구 등이 주로 논토양에서 수행되었다. 점토광물과 수량관계를 보면 Montmorillonite를 주점토광물로 함유된 답 토양의 수도수량이 1:1 광물을 주점토광물로 함유하고 있는 토양에서의 수도수량 보다 높았다. 토양광물에 관한 기초연구(基礎硏究)로서 양이온교환능과 포화이온의 영향, 입자의 전기화학적 성질, 흡탈착 성질, 표면적과 등전점, 해성점토에 대한 압밀점토(壓密粘土)의 변형율(變形率)의 추정 등이 주로 연구되었다. 부가가치가 낮거나 폐기되는 광물을 이용하여 토양개량재 혹은 흡착제를 형성하는 연구가 알카리 처리에 의한 Zeolite 합성에 집중되었다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2021

We conducted a study to identify the relationships between the investigated factors and provide a methodology and generate data by applying deterioration classes to the Seonjaryeong Forest Trail (4.3 km) in the Baekdudaegan Ridge. The average trail width (1.7 m) and bare width (1.4 m) were wider than those obtained in the previous studies. The frequency of trail deterioration was also high. Specific data on deterioration classes were obtained and evaluated using qualitative criteria. Specific data for heavy class stands at 20.1% in trail grade, 13.3 cm on average, and 16.1 cm in the center of erosion depth, 16.2 cm of CSA, 12.3 kg/cm (20.1 mm) on average and maximum 39.3 kg/cm (29.6 mm) of soil hardness. We observed a positive correlation between the deterioration class and trail grade, and the average and maximum soil erosion depths of the hill side were deeper than those of the ridge. The soil hardness data showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the transect site and calculation method (㎏/㎠, mm). Therefore, trail deterioration was observed at the sites having ≥20% trail grade; thus, continuous monitoring at fixed sites over time will be required for sustainability. Furthermore, the trail grade should be of the utmost priority in trail design and management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 2022

This study was conducted to derive the site index of forest productivity of Robinia pseudoacacia (honey plant) to characterize suitable planting sites and to investigate the effect of the site environmental factors on the site index using the quantification theory I method. The data used in the analysis were growth factors (stand age, dominant height, etc.) of the 6th national forest resources survey and various site environmental factors of a forest soil map (1:5,000). The average site index value of the R. pseudoacacia stand in Korea was 14 (range, 8 to 18). The environmental factors affecting the site index were parent rock, climatic zone, soil texture, local topography, and altitude. The accuracy of the estimation model using quantification theory I was only 33%. However, the correlation between the site index and the site environmental factors was statistically significant at the 1% level. Results of quantification analysis between site index and site environmental factors revealed that metamorphic and igneous rocks received high grades as parent rocks, climate zones received higher grades than central temperate zone, clay loam and silt loam received high grades in soil texture, and hillside received a high grade in local topography. Analysis of the partial correlation between site topographical factors and forest productivity (site index) found that soil class and altitude were partially correlated to x by 0.4129 and 0.4023, respectively, indicating that these factors are the most influential variables.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.359-364
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• 2006

최근 GIS를 비롯한 공간정보기술의 눈부신 발전으로 국토전반에 대한 정보화와 과학적인 관리기법이 확산되고 있다. 이에 효율적인 산림관리를 위하여 위성영상과 지리정보시스템을 이용한 산림정보가 구축되고 있으나, 산림지역이라는 지리특성상 현장 출입이 제한적이고 위험하여 정보수집에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 산림정보구축을 위하여 남제주군을 대상으로 고해상도 위성영상과 공간정보추출언어인 SML(Spatial Modeler Language)을 이용하여 다양한 모델별 산림지역의 임상정보를 추출, 임상분류를 위한 모델링 기법을 개발하였다. 또한 l/5,000도엽을 기준으로 표본점을 배치하고 임상, 하층식생, 입지 및 토양에 대한 현지조사를 수행하였으며, 추출자료와의 상관성 분석 및 검증을 통하여 공간정보 기술을 이용한 산림정보 구축의 기반을 마련하고자 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2019

The goal of this study was to analyze the reactivity of a volumetric water content sensor (soil moisture sensor) and tensiometer and to review their use in the early detection of a shallow landslide. We attempted to demonstrate shallow and rapid slope collapses using three different soil ratios under artificial rainfall at 120 mm/h. Our results showed that the measured value of the volumetric water-content sensor converged to 30~37%, and that of the tensiometer reached -3~-5 kPa immediately before the collapse of the soil under all three conditions. Based on these results, we discussed a temporal range for early warnings of landslides using measurements of the volumetric water content sensors installed at the bottom of the soil slope, but could not generalize and clarify the exact timing for these early warnings. Further experiments under various conditions are needed to determine how to use both sensors for the early detection of shallow landslides.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.35-50
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• 2022

As the water shortage has become a noticeable issue due to climate change, forests play an importance role as the provider of water supply service. There is, however, little information about the relationships between the factors used in the estimation of water supply service and coarse pore fraction of forest soil which determines the potential of water supply. To find out whether there would be an amelioration in the scoring system of water supply service estimation, we examined all factors except meteorological one and additionally, analyzed 4 extra factors that might be related with coarse pore fraction of soil. A total of 2,214 soil samples were collected throughout South Korea to measure coarse pore fractions from 2015 to 2020. First, the result of average coarse pore fraction of all samples showed 32.98±6.59% which was consistent with previous studies. And the results of non-parametric analysis of variance indicated that only two of eleven factors that was used in the scoring system matched the results of coarse pore fraction of forest soils. Tree canopy coverage showed no difference among categories, and slope also showed no significance at level of 0.05 in the linear regression analysis. Additionally, the applicability of 4 extra factors were confirmed, as the result of coarse pore fractions of soil samples were different for various categories of each factor. Therefore, the scoring system of water supply service of forest should be revised to improve accuracy.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.79-83
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• 2012