• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.446-457
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between family members and adolescent boys smoking. The data were evaluated by frequency analysis, 𝑥² test and logistic regression analysis using 27,276 people who responded to the 14th(2018) Korean Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Among male students, the nonsmoking rate was 91.5% and the smoking rate was 8.5%(2.5% of occasional smoking and 6.0% of frequent smoking). The study results showed that the smoking status of male students was varied significantly according to the number of smokers among the family members(p<0.001). Meanwhile, smoking based on the characteristics of socio-demographic factors was affected by grades, school records, economic status, and parents' educational background(p<0.001). Smoking by health factors showed a significant difference in alcohol consumption, suicidal thoughts, depression experiences, stress recognition, frequency of breakfast consumption, level of fatigue after sleep, and subjective perception of health(p<0.001). Male smokers were more likely to smoke when two family members smoked than only one(p<0.001). These results confirmed that smoking in boys was affected by the smoking status of family members and suggested that the smoking cessation program of family smokers can be effective in designing smoking cessation prevention and smoking cessation projects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1759-1768
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• 2012

The present study was intended to measure the level of fatigue symptoms among nurses working for a university hospital and to reveal its related factors. The self-administered questionnaires were given to 450 nurses during the period from October 1st to 31st, 2010. As a results, the level of fatigue symptoms were 75.1% in normal group, and the high-risk group 24.9%. The level of fatigue symptoms reflected in job stress contents were higher as job demand was higher, and the autonomy of job and the supervisor support was lower. In correlations, fatigue symptoms were found to be in a positive correlation with job demand, whereas in negative correlation with autonomy of job and supervisor support. The adjusted odds ratio of fatigue symptoms on job demand were significantly increased in the high risk group than in low group, but autonomy of job. were significantly decreased in the high risk group than in low group. In conclusion, the study results indicated that the level of fatigue symptoms is independently influenced by job stress contents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.552-562
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• 2016

Although a number of studies have been conducted in Korea since 2000 on the impact of early English education, their interpretation is still not conclusive, due to their lack of control groups and failure to control for third factors and use valid measurements. The present study was designed to examine the effect of an English education program on young children's English proficiency after 8 months using the most well-known official English proficiency measure, the WIDA for kindergarteners. In addition, the children's Korean language proficiency, cognitive abilities, personality, parents' SES, and parents' attitudinal variables before the education were measured and controlled. The results indicated that the intervention group performed better than the control group in both listening and speaking skills, even when all relevant factors were considered. This effect, however, was only found in the item-level analyses.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

Evacuation process has been considered as one of the most important elements to be managed in public facilities. Although the importance is highlighted through numerous literatures, disaster evacuation planning, particularly fire accidents, faces a number of human behavior related limitations for a similar application to different types of facilities/occupants. To overcome the obstacles including complexity in human behaviors, a number of simulation techniques with limited consideration on human behaviors are utilized to predict foreseeable problems in evacuation process. Therefore, this research aims to propose system dynamics models incorporating human behaviors considering different types of occupants under disaster evacuation events. Analysis on emergent human behaviors such as group forming and interactions under urgent situation are conducted based on the main stream theories in social science field. The results suggest the influences of human behavior factors including cooperative intention, information sharing, and mobility change to evacuation behavior. The implications are expected to provide safety consideration at planning/designing phase of buildings and help facility safety managers for evacuation planning with more realistic management approaches.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of the existence of high-risk groups of dental caries and influential factors for the high-risk groups, as there was a possibility that certain people might especially be at risk of suffering from dental caries when decayed, missing, and filled teeth index were analyzed, which were the typical indicators of dental caries. The data of the 4th National Health & Nutrition Survey for 2007, 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. Significant caries index (SiC index) were calculated, which were one of the representative devices to indicate high-risk groups of dental caries, and the SiC index and related factors were analyzed by using $x^2$ (chi-square) test. Besides, logistic regression analysis was utilized to find out influential factors, and a statistical package STATA 11.0 was employed. As a result of analyzing what factors would be linked to high-risk groups of dental caries, it's found that women were more likely to belong to high-risk groups than men (p<0.01). How the related factors affected the high-risk groups was analyzed, and it's found that those who didn't find themselves to be in good oral health were more likely to be classified into a high-risk group, and that those who brushed their teeth three times a more a day on a regular basis were more likely to belong to a high-risk group than the others who didn't (p<0.01). Thus, SiC index were calculated in this study to confirm the existence of dental caries high-risk groups, and what factors impacted on the high-risk groups was ascertained. It's required to implement efficient national policies to step up the promotion of national oral health based on the findings of the study.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.171-195
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is 1) to survey to identify how high school students think about career guidance and job and 2) to pursue effective career guidance. According to the survey result, first, most students have thought about their career. They chose friends as a counselor for their future. Among respondents, 39.84% of them said they did not consult with teachers. They said academic record is a stumbling block in choosing career. Second, many students responded career guidance should start at 'Junior High school'. 76.56% of respondents said they were lack of career guidance resources. With respect to career, an important subject was shown as the following order: social study, English, Korean, Science and Math. Third, students recognized the face that aptitude and ability should be the utmost important factors in choosing career. They chose mass media as a main source to gain information relative to career, which accounted for 52.34% and 20.31% for teachers. In the case of students who have rather 'poor'home background, teachers were the main sources for career information, whose proportion was relatively high. Forth, parents were the most influential people who helped students choose which high school to go(40.69%). In terms of scope of higher education, 65.63% said they wanted to graduate university. Students who has good academic records and good home environment wanted to pursue Master's or Doctor's degrees. 70.31% of respondents said they attended a high school just because they wanted to have a desired job.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of perceived stress on dietary habits and oral health behaviors in Korean adolescents. Data were from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) in 2011. A total of 74,186 adolescents were surveyed using the self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to elucidate the effects of perceived stress on dietary habits and oral health behaviors. Statistical analyses were conducted, and p<0.05 were considered significant. We found that adolescents with higher stress were more likely to increase the risk of adverse dietary habits (low consumption of fruits, vegetables and milk, high consumption of carbonated soft drinks, fast food and cookie) compared to those with lower stress. Regarding the relationship between perceived stress and oral health behaviors, adolescents with higher stress were less likely to practice oral health behaviors such as brushing teeth after snack consumption and brushing teeth before sleep compared to those with lower stress. This result indicates that adolescents' perceived stress might play a significant role in the negative dietary habits and oral health behavior.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to identify multidimensional factors influencing burnout in intensive care unit(ICU) nurses. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected during February 2016 from a convenience sample of 222 tertiary hospital ICU nurses and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Burnout correlated positively with compassion fatigue (CF)(r=.37, p<.001), and negatively with compassion satisfaction (CS)(r=-.66, p<.001). The regression model explained 57% of the variance in burnout. For individual characteristics in the model, perceived health status (${\beta}=-.27$, p<.001) and gender (${\beta}=.14$, p=.028) were the most influential factors for ICU nurses' burnout. In the model with added work-related characteristics, nursing environment (${\beta}=-.22$, p=.001), perceived health status (${\beta}= -.20$, p=.001), and satisfaction with department (${\beta}=-.19$, p=.007) were the most influential factors. Finally, for the model with psychological characteristics added, CS (${\beta}=-.56$, p<.001) and CF (${\beta}=.35$, p<.001) were the most influential factors. Conclusion: Results reveal that most ICU nurses have a moderate level of CF and a moderate to high level of CS and burnout, and that individual, work-related and psychological factors are relevant in ICU nurses' burnout. Programs or interventions to reduce burnout should be developed taking into account these multidimensional factors.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.82-92
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to classify community and to analyzse vegetation-environment relationships in the forest community of Ulleung Island. The forest community of Ulleung Island was classified into Pinus thunbergii community, Pinus densiflora community, Neolitsea sericea community, Pinus parviflora community, and Fagus multinervis - Sorbus commixta community. Since the results of phytosociological community classification were consistent with that of TWINSPAN, it proved that these two methods could complement when one does a community classification. There was a difference in chemical characteristic of soil among study communities. The community had high soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, and cation exchange capacity compared to forest soil of Korea. The soil pH ranged from 4.66 to 5.80. The soil texture in the study communities was loam or sandy loam. According to the ordination analysis, elevation, exchangeable Na, K, Ca, Mg, soil pH, and content of sand and silt affect the distribution of community.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.627-644
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• 2009

In the knowledge-based economy highlighting the importance of human capital, there has been a growing interest in human capital externalities as a fundamental engine of growth and development of a region. The purpose of this study is to analyze human capital externalities using 3-level hierarchical linear model(3-HLM), decomposing determinants of wages into three levels involving workers(level-1) nested within firms(level-2) nested within regions(level-3). This study separately estimates the effect of the average education level on the wages by three different schooling groups on the assumption that the intensity of knowledge spillovers varies with each group's schooling level. The main results are as follows; First, the coefficient of the average education level of a region shows 0.044, indicating that one-year increase in the average level of schooling could increase average individual earnings by 4.4%. Secondly, the external effects of human capital on three different schooling groups are considerably different, raising less than high school graduates' wages by 3.0%, college graduates' wages by 4.7%, and graduate schools' wages by 11.8%, respectively. Thirdly, well educated workers are much more sensitive to the variation of the regional education level than less educated ones when we apply the shares of each schooling group as alternative measures for the average level of education. Such findings of this study draw an implication that local governments could speed up regional economic growth in the knowledge-based economy by not only raising total human capital stock in a region but building the close networks that promote productivity-enhancing human capital external effects.