• Monthly Duck's Village
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• s.245
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• pp.8-15
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• 2023

2003년 12월 10일 H5N1형 고병원성 조류인플루엔자(AI)가 국내에서 처음 발생한 이후 여러가지 유형의 AI바이러스 발생이 거의 매년 주기적으로 반복되는 경향을 보이고 있다. 특히 지난해 10월 17일 경북 예천군에서 발생한 AI는 국내에서 14차례 발생하며 전년도 대비 전국적으로 빠른 확산추세와 많은 발생 건수를 보였다. 특히 야생조류 분변 등 HPAI 검출건수가 전년 대비 두 배 가까이 늘어나면서 AI 발생위험률이 더욱 높아지고 있다. 이 가운데 오리에서의 AI 발생비율이 높아 오리가 AI 발생의 주범처럼 지목되고 있다. 특히 전국 오리 농가 수가 닭 대비 10배 가량 적은 점을 감안하면 매우 높은 수준이다. 실제로 2003년 12월부터 지난해까지 발생한 1,258건의 AI에서 오리는 651건으로 반이 넘는 수치다. 수치상의 이런 이유들로 오리는 AI의 주범으로 낙인찍혔다. 2017년 평창동계올림픽을 대비해 시범적으로 운영된 오리사육제한은 이제 법제화되면서 매년 정례화되고 있다. 외양간을 고치지 않고 소 자체를 없애 버려 소를 도둑맞을 상황조차 만들지 않는 지금의 AI 제도 과연 최선일까. 비록 소는 잃었지만 이제라도 외양간을 고쳐 다시는 소를 잃지 않을 상황을 만들어야 하지 않을까. 보다 근본적인 대책으로 제시되고 있는 외양간 고치기 프로젝트, '오리 축사시설 현대화'사업을 자세히 들여다보고 발전적 AI 대책을 고민해 본다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.237-246
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• 1995

Larvae of the freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponense were reared in the laboratory at constant condition $(25^{\circ}C,\;7\%o)$, and their feeding rate, oxygen consumption rate, and growth rate were measured in regular intervals of time during larval development. Regression equations describing rates of feeding, growth and respiration as functions of time during individual larval molt cycles were inserted in a simulation model in order to analyse time-dependent patterns of variation as well as in bioenergetic efficiencies. Absolute values for feeding, growth, respiration and assimilation showed clear changes during the molt cycle, The absolute and specific values of respiration (R: R/C) showed small variation during the individual molt cycles. Significance of respiration in relation to growth (G) increased within the carbon budget, respiration rate (R/C) outbalanced growth rate (G/C) in late premolt. When the portion of metabolizable carbon is respired (R/G), metabolic coefficient was < 1 (i.e. R$(K_2)$ decreased concurrently, In cumulative carbon budget, total feeding was $491.54\;{\mu}g$ C/ind., assimilation was $85.3\%$, respiration was $47.7\%$, and growth was $37.6\%$ from hatching to postlarval stage.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2004

The larvae and juvenile development of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus which is significant commercial fish living north Atlantic Ocean are described here. Larvae were reared in laboratory and sampled periodically for developmental study until 67 days after hatching. An increase in total length(TL) of fish indicated continuous growth, described by the growth expression Y=4.07 $e^{0.037}$( $R^{2}$=0.9978). The newly hatched pre-larvae was 4.9 mm in TL with ellipsoid yolk. In 16 days after hatching, larvae attained 6.8 mm in TL, and absorbed the yolk completely to become post-larval stage, but first heterotrophic food could be in 7 days after hatching already. Post-larval stage continued during 16~52 days after hatching with development of organs attachment. In 61 days after hatching with 41.3 mm in TL, the fries became a juvenile stage respectively having small teed lateral line, and a black blotch on the flank same as adults, but chin barbel was not developed yet. It was presumed that haddock changed food and ecological behavior after metamorphosis ken this time.e.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

한국 및 일본을 포함한 동아시아 지역에 벡터 매개성 바이러스에 의한 소 질병으로 인하여 경제적 손실이 몇년을 주기로 극심하게 나타나고 있다. 그러나 본 질병의 정확한 역학에 대하여는 아직까지 확실한 연구가 되어 있지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 벡터 매개성 질병에 대한 역학을 좀더 명확하게 밝히기 위하여, 일본 열도중 가장 멀리 떨어져 있으며, 아열대 지역에 속하는 오끼나와 섬에서 사육되고 있으면서 백신접종을 받지 않은 소(Japanese black cattle)를 대상으로 하여 1988년도부터 1992년도에 걸쳐 벡터 매개성 바이러스군에 대한 중화항체가를 측정하고 분석하였다. 소의 유행성 바이러스(bovine ephemeral virus)에 대한 항체 양성율은 연도 및 계절별로 크게 변화를 보였고, Ibaraki virus에 대한 항체양성율은 그 어느 다른 계절보다도 5월에 높은 항체가를 보였으며, Akabane virus에 대한 항체 양성율은 이바라키 바이러스에 대한 항체 양성율과 유사한 수준으로 나타났다. 한편 Chuzan virus에 대한 항체양성율은 계절적인 변화가 심하지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

The present survey was conducted to provide basic information on Hanwoo calf management. Eight hundred and sixty-two Hanwoo breeding farms from all nine provinces were surveyed via personal interviews. The percentages of farms categorized by herd size were 30.5%, 32.8%, 26.0% and 10.7% for <50 heads, 51-100 heads, 101-200 heads, and >200 heads, respectively. More than 50% of farms offered calf starter at 6-10 days of age, showing that calf starter was offered relatively at an earlier age. Calf starter was replaced every three days by 30.1% of farms. The percentages of farms replacing starter weekly (19.2%) were even higher than those of replacing starter daily (18.8%), suggesting that the frequency of replacing starter needs to be increased to maintain starter freshness and to increase starter intake. About one-third of farms offered forage at 6-10 days of age and 21% of farms offered even at 1-5 days of age although it has been well known that forage does not contain either nutrient density or nutrient profile necessary to stimulate rumen papillae development, especially before weaning. Furthermore, about half of farms used rice straw with calf starter. Water was offered relatively at an earlier age (1-5 days of age) by 55% of farms. Deciding when to wean calves should be based on starter intake rather than age but less than 50% of farms decided weaning age by starter intake. In conclusions, to reduce weaning age of Hanwoo calves by rapid rumen papillae development it is necessary to provide fresh starter and water by increasing frequency of starter replacing and water trough cleaning and not to feed forage before weaning.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2016

The winter cherry bug, Acanthocoris sordidus (Thunberg), is an insect pest hat damages plants from Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae. The developmental period from egg to adult averages 76 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Adult egg-laying occurred irregularly via spawning, averaging 195 (up to 468) eggs per individual on the abaxial leaf surface of the host plant. Results of linear regression indicated that the lower developmental threshold temperature was $13.9^{\circ}C$ and the effective accumulated temperature was 526.3 DD. Data from a pepper field in 2015 indicated that overwintering adults first appeared during late June (daily average temperature = $25.7^{\circ}C$), reaching maximum density by early September. A choice test examining colonization preferences using a net cage and a Y-tube olfactometer revealed that females gravitated toward conspecifics (other females, males, or both), whereas males moved toward empty areas. Finally, we found that communal breeding results in a longer developmental period and higher eclosion rates than solitary breeding. Developmental periods and eclosion rates were also for colonies in a large space than for those in a small space. This outcome suggests that colonization effects on insect development are stronger in a smaller area.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

Artificial induction of maturation by heating of the hard clam, Meretrix petechiails (Lamarck) broodstock was investigated from 25 May to 30 June in 2008. We experimented maturation by keeping the breeding water temperature at 20, 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ and as the natural water temperature and found the following results. In case of the female, maturation was the quickest in the experiment group of $30^{\circ}C$ and the maturation tended to be slower as the water temperature was lower. The similar trend was displayed among the male. At experiment completion, maturation induction rate was found to be the highest at 46.0% in the experiment group of $30^{\circ}C$ followed by 35.0% in the experiment group of $15^{\circ}C$, 18.0% in the experiment group of natural water temperature and 12.0% in the experiment group of $20^{\circ}C$. During the period of the experiment, the survival rate was of 90% or more in all groups.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2020

The whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei can survive in a wide range of salinity (1-40 psu). However, such variation, particularly at low salinity (1-5 psu), can affect various physiological changes such as survival rates, non-specific immunity and disease resistance. In this study, growth, non-specific immunity and disease resistance were measured following simultaneous oral feeding and addition of probiotic microbes into culture water for 73 day period. The salinity of the culture water was maintained at 3 psu by periodical salt additions. The result shows that survival rate increased significantly (5.6 vs. 15.4%) after 73 day rearing. Significant increases were identified in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and phenol oxidase (PO) activity. However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not influenced. When the shrimp was artificially challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus, slight mortality reduction was observed in the probiotics-treated group (100 vs. 79%). In conclusion, the production of cultured whiteleg shrimp at low salinity might be increased by probiotics survivable at low salinity levels.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.162-165
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• 2014

국내 낙농경영이 복합경영에서 규모화된 전업농 또는 기업농 형태의 단일경영으로 빠르게 변하고 있다는 것은 모두가 알고 있는 사실이다. 이에 따라 착유시설 또한 많은 변화가 있었으며, 사육규모 및 두당 유생산랑과 정(正)의 상관관계를 갖고 있다. 국내 낙농산업의 초창기 또는 본격적인 도입기였던 1970년대와 1980년대 초반은 가구당 착유우 두수가 10두 미만이었으며 주로 손으로 착유를 하였다. 1980년대 중반 이후, 콤프레셔와 버킷설비가 목장에 도입되었으며, 냉각기 보조금 지급 및 보냉 집유차량이 목장별로 운행하기 시작하였다. 1990년대에는 버킷식 착유기가 파이프라인식 착유기로 전환되면서 착유시스템이 일부 자동화됨에 따라 노동력을 낮추고 원유의 위생안전성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 2000년대에는 많은 목장에서 탠덤 또는 헤링본식 착유시스템을 도입하였으며, 이후 일부 착유두수가 60두 이상인 대규모 농가에서는 자동착유시스템을 도입하여 현재에 이르고 있다. 사실 전업농, 기업농으로 전환된 단일경영에서 지동착유시스템의 도입에 많은 관심을 보이고 있으나, 고가의 자동칙유시스템에 대한 한정된 정보에서 기인하는 리스크(위험요소) 등으로 인하여 섣불리 결정을 내리지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 자동착유시스템의 구성 국내 외 도입 현황 및 장 단점 사례조사 결과와 함께 현재 농가의 자동착유시스템 도입 결정에 도움을 주기 위해 진행하고 있는 연구 과제를 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2004

Larvae of Pandalus gracilis were reared in the laboratory under controlled conditions (salinity, 32.5∼34.5; photo-periods, 12L: 12D). The experiments were designed to examine effects of temperature (10 and 2$0^{\circ}C$) on larval development, survival, intermolt period and larval growth. The higher survival rate was obtained at 2$0^{\circ}C$ than at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and larvae reached later stages at 2$0^{\circ}C$. Intermolt period increased significantly with increasing of instar number and was longer at 1$0^{\circ}C$ than at 2$0^{\circ}C$.