• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide the informations for conservation and effective management of Picea yezoensis community in Mt. Deogyu and Mt. Gyebang. The vegetation of tree, subtree and shrub layer was consist of 8, 20, 26 species in Mt. Deogyu, and 12, 23, 33 species in Mt. Gyebang. Importance value by layer P. yezoensis, Betula ermanii, Abies koreana at tree layer, B. ermanii, Quercus mongolica at subtree layer, and Sasa borealis at shrub layer in Mt. Deogyu, and P. yezoensis, B. ermanii, Abies nephrolepis at tree layer, Acer komarovii and A. ukurunduense at subtree layer, and Tripterygium regelii at shrub layer in Mt. Gyebang were high, respectively. Species diversity in Mt. Deogyu and Mt. Gyebang were 0.779 and 0.984 at tree layer, 1.052 and 1.161 at subtree layer, and 0.823 and 1.304 at shrub layer, respectively. According to the DBH class of major species, P. yezoensis in Mt. Deogyu showed a reverse J-shaped curve, which was estimated that P. yezoensis community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable state.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.486-492
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• 1998

The forests of Osaek-Taech'ongbong-Shinhungsa district in Soraksan National Park was studied to investigate forest structure of tree strata in relation to aspect and altitude of the slope. Excepting the main ridge area which has tyoical environmental condition, tree siwe in canopy of the wouthern slope was smaller, density in canopy of the southern slope was higher and species diversity in tree stratum of the southern slope was lower as compared those of the northern slope of same elevation belts. Elevation trend was found for forest structure of the southern slope where geographical features were similar among elevation belts. With incleasing elevation of the southern slope, basal area of canopy and understory increased. With increasing elevation of the southern slope, importance values of Quercus mongolica, Styrax obassia, and Lindera obtusiloba decreased while those of Pinus koraiensis, Betula ercani, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Rhododendron schlippenbachii increased. According to cluster and ordination analysis, the studied forests was classifide into Quercus mongolica community at the low, middle and high elevation belts of the southern slope and the low and middle elevation belts of the northern slope, Betula ermani community at the elevation belt of the northern slope, and Abies koreana community at the top area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.160-168
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• 1996

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of natural forest at Turobong-Sangwangbong area in Odaesan, 19 plots(10*10m) were set up with random sampling method. Several characteristics - needle injury, rate of fallen needle, stem injury, shoot and twig, apical dominance, tree form- of Abies nephrolepis and Tavus cuspidata were investigated with checklist. Two groups(Taxus cuspidata community and Quercus mongolica-Betula ermanii community) were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were prover between Taxus cuspidata and Tripterygium regelii, Sorbus commixta; Quercus mongolica and Euonymus sieboldianus. High negative correlations were proved between Taxus cuspidata and Abies nephrolepis, Quercus mongolica and Betula ermanii; Abies nephrolepis and Trioterygum regelii. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was 0.9608-1.24990. Mean score of Abies nephrolepis was calculated at 6.1 point and ratio of dead individuals was 10.9%. Mean score of Taxus cuspidata was calculated at 17.3 point. Injury of Taxus cuspieata was classified three types, such as branch dieback, wound cavity on the stem and crooked stem.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.2
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• pp.130-149
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• 2017

The subalpine zone which is vulnerable to climate change could be functioning as a habitat for northern plant species especially in the Korean peninsula. In this study, classification of phytosociological community type and investigation on flora of vascular plants of Daecheongbong area in Mt. Seorak were carried out in order to provide a basic information for an ecological restoration and management of the vegetation through community ecological approach. Vegetation data were collected from 31 of quadrates from May to October, 2016. We analyzed vegetation types with phytosociological method, importance value with Curtis & McIntosh method, CCA using PC-ORD program tool, and flora of vascular plants. As a result, the forest vegetation was classified into Abies nephrolepis community. The community was divided 3 groups such as Pinus pumila group, Rhododendron brachycarpum group and Angelica decursiva group. Therefore, the vegetation had 3 kinds of units. The differential species group, it was classified into total of 7 species group units including Thuja koraiensis and Smilacina bicolor differential species group. The mean importance percentage (MIP) in VU 1 was shown Pinus koraiensis (24.1), A. nephrolepis (23.6) and Betula ermanii (10.5), and in VU 2, it was P. koraiensis (26.2), A. nephrolepis (20.8) and B. ermanii (10.5), and in VU 3, it was P. koraiensis (22.2), A. nephrolepis (16.4), B. ermanii (13.5) in the order, respectively. As for importance values of P. koraiensis and A. nephrolepis representative competition species, were different at each layers. The former (46.7) was higher than the latter (26.1) in tree layer, but the latter was higher than the former in subtree and, shrub and herb layers of VU 1. VU 2 and VU 3 also indicated the same tendency. P. pumila group and A. decursiva group were shown to have positive correlation with altitude and present species, respectively. The designated as the endemic plant was 11 taxa and, as the rare plant 24 taxa and 62.5% of vascular plant was northern plant species. It is necessary to continue further long-term monitoring of 3 vegetation units, IV of main competition species (P. koraiensis and A. nephrolepis) with stratum and main specific species (rare plants and endemic plants) considering vegetation science and, population and community ecology approaches.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.118-138
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the vegetation structure of major vegetation by region and elevation in the subalpine zone of Seoraksan National Park and prepare an inventory of flora. We reviewed the results of the previous subalpine studies and, through a preliminary survey, determined that the first appearance point of subalpine vegetation was about 800 m based on the south. Then we conducted a site survey by installing a total of 77 plots, including 12 plots on the northern Baekdamsa-Madeungnyeong trail (BD), 13 plots on the west Hangyeryeong-Kkeutcheong trail (HG), 13 plots on the east side of Sinheungsa-Socheongbong trail (SA), and 39 plots in the southern Osaek-Kkeutcheong, Osaek-Daecheongbong trail (OS), in an interval of 50 m above sea level. The analysis classified 7 communities, including Qercus mongolica-Abies holophylla-Acer pseudosieboldianumcommunity, Q. mongolica-Tilia amurensiscommunity, Q. mongolica-Pinus koraiensiscommunity, Q. mongolica-A. pseudosieboldianumcommunity, Betula ermanii-A. nephrolepiscommunity, P. koraiensis-A. nephrolepiscommunity, and mixed deciduous broad-leaf tree community according to the species composition based on the appearance of the major subalpine plants such as Quercus mongolica, Betula ermanii, and Abies nephrolepis, region, and elevation. 10.68±2.98 species appeared per plot (100 m²), and 110.87±63.89 individuals were identified. The species diversity analysis showed that the subalpine vegetation community of Seoraksan National Park was a mixed forest in which various species appeared as important species. Although there was a difference in the initial elevation for the appearance of major subalpine plants by region, they were distributed intensively in the elevation range of 1,100 to 1,300 m. In the Seoraksan National Park, 322 taxa, 83 families, 193 genera, 196 species, 1 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 4 forms of vascular plants were identified. One taxon of Trientalis europaeavar.arcticawas identified as the protected species. The endemic plants were 19 taxa, and 58 taxa were identified as subalpine plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain valley from Cheonwangbong to Seonneotang, 23 plots($400m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Abies koreana community, Fraxinus mandshurica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community were classified by cluster analysis. Abies koreana was a major woody plant species in the valley area from Cheonwangbong to Mapogpo, and Pinus koraiensis, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Sorbus amurensis was partly occupied. High positive correlations was proved between Picea jezoensis and Sorb us amurensis, Taxus cuspidata, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Kalopanax pictus; Betula costata and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Corn us controversa; Abies koreana and Pinus koraiensis; Stephanandra incisa and Betula ermani, Acer tegmentosum, Prunus sargentii; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Betula ermani; Fraxinus mandshurica and Deutzia prunifolia, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes; Sorbus amurensis and Kalopanax pictus; Betula platyphylla var.japonica and Cornus controversa; Lindera erythrocarpa and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Styrax obassia; Lindera obtusi/oba and Abies holophylla; Carpinus laxiflora and Lespedeza maximowiczii; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata; Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Taxus cuspidata; Quercus mongolia and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Quercus serrata and Styrax obassia, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Abies koreana and Deutzia prunifolia; Lindera obtusi/oba and Pinus koraiensis. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $2.7478{\sim}2.9573$.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify the vegetation structure of the Abies nephrolepis forests by analyzing species composition in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok in the Gangwon region with the phytosociological method. In order to perform a field investigation, 18 survey areas with an area of about 400 m2 were set up for the stands where A. nephrolepis grow wild. Communities were classified through TWINSPAN and visualized using DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis). Species diversity analysis, importance value analysis, and DBH class analysis were employed to identify the characteristics of each community. As a result, the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok have been classified into 4 communities; GroupI, II, III and IV. GroupIis Quercus mongolica-A. nephrolepis competitive forest dominated by Q. mongolica and A. nephrolepis in the order. Group II is A. nephrolepis-Betula ermanii competitive forest dominated by A. nephrolepis, Sorbus commixta, and B. ermanii in the order. Group III is dominated by A. nephrolepis, but is expected to have competition between A. nephrolepis and Q. mongolica in the future due to the mass occurrence of Q. mongolica saplings. A. nephrolepis, S. commixta, and Q. mongolica are the dominant species in Group IV, and A. nephrolepis is the major dominant species in all layers. The species diversity of the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongok is lower than other A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Seorak, Maruguem, and Mt. Odae. It is necessary to establish conservation measures and to continuously monitor the A. nephrolepis forests in Mt. Doota and Mt. Cheongokis due to the harsh environment and the competition that may occur between A. nephrolepis and deciduous trees such as Q. mongolica in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 1997

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Korean native species, Abies koreana forest at Cheonwangbong-Deokpyungbong area in Chirisan National Park, 48 plots($10{\times}10m$) were set up with random sampling method. Three groups - Abies koreana community, Abies koreana-Quercus mongolica community, Picea jezoensis-Betula ermanii community - were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations were shown between Picea jezoensis and Sorbus commixta : Quercus mongodica and Fraxinus sieboldiana, Symplocos chinensis : Euonymus macroptera and Vaccinium koreanum, and high negative correlations were shown between Quereus mongolica and Sorbus commixta. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 0.7208-1.2074. Vigor of Abies koreana was depressed, 12.24 of total number of Abies koreana investigated were dead. DBH of dead individuals ranged mainly 10-30cm.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.63-65
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• 2008

Four strains of Piptoporus betulinus were isolated from a trunk of the Betula ermani in Seorak mountain. These strains were studied to observe whether they are originated from the same genet or not, by using the method of pairing culture between strains and by comparing part of the nuclear rDNA of ITS regions amplified with NSI1 and ITS4B primers. The demarcation line was not formed on the potato dextrose agar plates in the combinations of two different strains. Partial nuclear rDNA sequences of the four strains were also the same. As a result, it is considered in high probability that they are derived from a single spawn.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.277-295
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• 2006

Vascular plants of Mt. Daedeok were composed of 81 families, 266 genera, 358 species, 1 subspecies, 69 varieties and 14 forma, totaling 442 taxa. Seventeen species among the 442 species were Korean endemic and 15 rare plants such as Anemone koraiensis, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia manchuriensis, Viola albida, Viola diamantiaca, Acanthopanax senricosus, Acanthopanax chiisanense, Anagaltidium dichotomum, Scrophularia koraiensis, Adenophora grandiflora, Lilium cernuum, Lilium medeoloides, Lloydia triflora, Iris odaesanensis and Cypripedium macranthum were also investigated. The naturalized plants were 6 families, 15 genera, 16 species, totaling 16 taxa. Life form spectra was $H-D_4-R_5-e$ type and the use of plants were composed edible 43.2%, pasture 41.0%, medical 32.8%, ornamental 12.6%, respectively. The forest vegetation of Mt. Daedeok was classified Quercus mongolica community group with Betula emanii-Quercus mongolica community and typical community and Juglans mandshurica community.