• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 1986

In an attempt to observe the to long-term training effects, the exercise of rope-skipping was regularly loaded to nine soldiers for nine weeks. And some physical characteristics, cardiopulinonary functions. some blood constituents were measured before, during and after the load of test exercise. treadmill running, and were compared with the pre-trained values. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Body weight, body surface area, skinfold thickness and total body fat decreased sifnificantly after the training. 2) The post-trained values of MVV and $FEF_{25%}$, increased significantly. 3) By the training, heart rates decreased very significantly in the resting, exercising and recovery periods. 4) After the training, the systolic blood pressures of the resting and recovery periods decreased meaningfully, while diastolic blood pressures increased significantly through the recovery stages. 5) In spite of the training, the respiration rates never change in both the resting and the recovery periods. 6) After the training, total cholesterol concentration of the venous blood decreased significantly in the resting the early recovery phases while the blood levels of glucose and HDL-cholesterol decreased very slightly. 7) Blood lactate concentration decreased through the recovery periods and the value of the recovery 20 and 60 minutes decreased obviously, in comparison with the pre-trained values. The above results suggest that the 9 week-training of the rope-skipping brings about the decrease of the body fat contents, the enhancement of cardiopulmonary functions and some changes in the blood constituents.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2009

Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and rotaviruses are considered as the most important causative agents of diarrhea in piglets. The study established 3 method vaccination programs to prevent PEDV. A (LL)group inoculated twice vaccinations on 2-weeks-interval during the late term of pregnant sows with PEDV live vaccine. The B (LKK) group was applied that one time single PEDV live vaccine at the pre-mate followed by the TGEV PEDV combined inactivated vaccine (twice vaccination on 2-weeks interval at the third-trimester). C (KK) group was applied to sow which inoculated twice vaccination on 2-weeks-interval during the late term of pregnant sows with by the TGEV, PEDV combined inactivated vaccine. As the result of SN test on sows in the pig farm before vaccination, antibody titers was showed 9/45 (20.0%). By comparison with the serum neutralizing antibody titers against PEDV of the vaccination programs after PEDV of the vaccination, A group and B group vaccination method was higher than those of C group in sows. In the piglets up to 2 weeks of age, A group was showed antibody titers of 17/22 (81.8%) that showed 2-128, and B group was showed antibody titers of 30/37 (81.1%) that showed 2-512, and C group was showed antibody titers of 14/28 (50.0%) that showed 2-32. On the other hand, PEDV antibody titers were tested for the survey. As the results of SN test, Aujeszky's disease survey in 54 pig farms from november 2005 to august 2006, antibody titers of 47/286 (16.4%) showed above 2. Five breeding farms were antibody titers of 38/77 (49.4%), Wanggung zone farms antibody titers of 59/85 (69.4%). In pigs farms vaccinated the first of twice PEDV live vaccine, and after 6 month, the second of twice TGEV PEDV combined inactivated vaccine (LLKK, 256-1024 titer) method was higher than those of vaccinated twice the early term of pregnant, and twice the late term of pregnant sows of PEDV live vaccine (LLLL, 32 titer).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important disease viruses in cattle that can cause severe economical losses due to decreased fertility, abortion, diarrhea, and respiratory symptoms. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate prevalence of BVDV infection (Transiently infection, Persistently infection) in dairy cattle in Gyeongnam southern area, Korea and use this data as the basis for establishing an eradication program and policy. A total of 44 bulk-tank milk samples (farms) collected in milk collecting center were tested for BVDV antibody using an ELISA. As the result, out of a total of 44 bulk-tank milk samples (farms), 38 (86.4%) samples were BVDV antibody positive. Blood samples (17 farms, n=543) were collected from BVDV antibody positive farms in bulk-tank milk, tested for BVDV antigen with ELISA and PCR. BVDV infected farms were 47% (8/17) and BVDV infected head were 2.2% (12/543). Persistently infected cattle (PI) were detected at 6 (35.3%) farms out of 17 farms and a total of 6 (1.1%) out of 543 head of cattle were identified as PI. The seropositive of BVDV antibody at farms and head were 100% (17/17) and 49.45% (91/184), respectively. The seroprevalence of BVDV antibody in PI infected farms (67.35%) much higher than that of BVDV antibody in transiently infected cattle (TI) infected farms (45%) and uninfected farms (34.48%). For eradication of BVDV infection in cattle populations, First of all, we should remove PI and need vaccination.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.241-252
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of soldiers' self-development during military service on returning university students' self-directed learning and job preparation Behavior. The object of this study are 323 students among second, third and fourth graders of about 15 universities' nationalwide by online stratified clusterrandom sampling. SPSS 25.0 program was used for data analysis and factor analysis, frequency analysis, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis were done. The rusult are as follows :First, self-directed learning and job preparation behavior according to personal characters have meaningful differences in university location, grade, degree of self-development during military service, degree of self-development during military service, self-development during military service, e-learning study during military service, gaining credits during military service, gaining national licence during military service and receiving money for self-development during military service. Second, The experience of self-development during military service has meanigful difference in returnig university students' self-directed learning and job preparation behavior.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate changes of knowledge and attitude toward AIDS of soldier through health education. The sample was selected with and experimental group(160 persons who were received health education group) and control group(160 persons who were not received), 20-21 years of age from 320 persons(soldier) who were between in a certain base located in Kyung Gi province. The data was collected from 24th Feb. to 21st April 1993. By questionnaires before and post test for education process about 4 weeks(pre and post test). The results of this study were as follows ; Of 320 soldiers 66.6% had received health education on sex before attending in base, 58.8%(94 persons) of experimental group and 58.1%(93 persons) had experience with sexual intercourse. In characteristics related to sexual intercourse experience, age of first sexual intercourse for experimental group was 19 in highest percentage as 30.0%, 18 in control group, 64.9% of experimental group and 61.4% of control group answered no use condom during sexual intercourse. About the reasons why use condom 51.5% of experimental group answered to prevention of VD and 44.4% of control group answered to prevention of partner's pregnancy in the highest percentage. There was no significant difference between mean score of knowledge level of experimental group and mean score of control group in pre-test. There was significant difference between mean score(15.23) of experimental group and mean score(12.98) of control group(p<0.01) in post-test. The attitude level in pre, post education was mean score 11. There was significant difference between mean score(9.04) of experimental group in pre-test and mean score(9.39) in post education(p<0.05), There was also significant difference between mean score(9.16) of control group in pre-test and mean score(9.60) in post-test(p<0.05), Mean score of perceived susceptability level of experimental group decreased from mean score 2.84 in pre-test to 2.66 in post-test, there was no significant difference between mean score of pre-test and that of post-test in 2 group. There was no significant difference between mean scores of perceived severity of experimental group in pre-test and that in post-test and there was no significant difference between mean score of perceived severity of control group in pre-test and post-test. There was no significant differences between mean scores of perceived benefits to act health behavior of experimental group or control group and pre-test and post-test.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.725-731
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• 2002

Hypoglycemic effects of $H_2O$ fraction of Alisma canaliculatum (Ac) with chromium (Cr) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal, diabetic-control, and three diabetic experimental groups. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) into tail vein, and $H_2O$ fraction of Ac and Cr were administrated orally to experimental rats for 14 days: Ac group (1,000 mg/kg), Cr-Ac group (Ac 1,000 mg/kg & Cr 100 mg/kg), and Cr group (100 mg/kg). Body weight losses were observed in all groups except the normal group, while the losses in experimental groups were significantly less than in diabetic-control group. The plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in Cr, Ac-Cr, and Ac groups compared to STZ-control group. Plasma cholesterol and TG levels of Ac-Cr group were significantly lower than those of diabetic-control group. Plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of three experimental groups were not significant compared to diabetic-control group, while the level of Cr group decreased more than diabetic-control group. The results suggest that there was no synergistic effect in the treatment of $H_2O$ fraction of Ac in combination with Cr, an indication that $H_2O$ fraction of Ac with Cr might possess some hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.413-429
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• 2007

The Guard over the royal household in the "Goryeo" era was the same as if was over the President or Ruler of a nation today. In those days, a king represented a nation and any threat to the safety of a king could bring the destruction of a nation and the dispersion of the people. by reviewing the change of the 2-Gun 6-Wi system of the era, it can be, summed up as follow, Ther will be suggestions. The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. "Goryeo" rebuilt the royal palace in Gyeonyeong-gun to take the shape of unified country after its accomplishment of unification of the late three countries, Then it was afraid of the rebellion and uprising of local powerful clans, The country put them under control and organized the local army with them in the era of Kings, Seongjong, through the kings, Seongjong and Gwangjong. The army system of "Goryeo" consisted of 2-Gun and 6-Wi, and 2-Gun placed above the 6-Wi played the role of the Royal guards, and among the organizations a certain army under the specific name of "Gyeonyong-gun" guarded the kings in the nearest position. An aristocratic culture enjoyed its golden age in the period of stability of the aristocracy of "Goryeo", but afterward in the confusion of the aristocratic disruption and incompatible confrontation the country lost its control, and faced military rebellions by treating civil officials well and ill-treating military officials The safety of kings become unstable with the grasping political power by the military officials, and "Dobang" was established in the era of Choi's family to grasp political power. In the era of Choi Woo, he gathered his men and organized his familys army with them and managed the personnel administration with the civil officials of "Jeongbang and Seobang under his command. Such a fact shows the similarity to today's task of guarding. Considering the facts that "Sambyeolcho, the military ground of the military-men-rule, was at the center of the struggling against Mongolia and that even after the fall of the military regime, they rebelled and fought against Mongolia to the end, we came to know that the nationalism in the era of the military era was great. In the transition of external situations from "Myeong" to "Won"(Chinese dynasties), the conflict between the old "Won"-friendly power and the new "Myeong"-friendly power caused the weakness of the power to guard the royal household, and "Goryeo" at last gave way to the newly rising "Joseon" led by Lee, Seong Gye who won the people's confidence.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.377-383
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• 2012

Bovine diarrhea is a major economical burden to the bovine industry in Korea. Since multiple infectious agents can be involved in bovine diarrhea, differential diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Therefore, a panel of two multiplex real-time PCR assays which can simultaneously detect six major bovine enteric pathogens [i.e., bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), group A bovine rotavirus (BRV), Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli (E. coli) $K99^+$, and Cryptosporidium parvum] was developed and applied to test 97 fecal samples collected from cattle farms in Korea. In addition, microscopic examination was also preformed on the samples to detect Coccidium oocyst. The estimated sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was 0.1 $TCID_{50}$ for BVDV, BCoV and group A BRV, 5 and 0.5 CFU for E. coli $K99^+$ and Salmonella, respectively, and 50 oocysts for Cryptosporidium. The amplification efficiency of the multiplex PCR ranged between 0.97 and 0.99 for each pathogen. Among 97 samples, 36 samples were positive for at least one of the 6 major pathogens and 6 samples were simultaneously positive for 2 pathogens by the multiplex PCR assay. Coccidium oocysts were also detected in 48 samples, which were all collected from over 1 month old calves. In conclusion, the multiplex real-time PCR panel can be a useful tool for fast and accurate diagnosis of calf diarrhea associated with BVDV, BCoV, group A BRV, E. coli $K99^+$, Salmonella, and/or Cryptosporidium and Coccidium may be an important target which needs to be included in the multiplex PCR panel in the future.