• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.325-333
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• 2021

With the rapidly changing era of the fourth industrial revolution, the utilization of IT technology is increasing. In addition, the demand for security authentication is increasing as shared services or IoT technologies are being developed as new business models. Security authentication is becoming increasingly important for all intelligent devices such as self-driving cars. However, most location-based security authentication technologies are being developed mainly with technologies that utilize server proximity or satellite location tracking, which limits the scope of their physical use. Location-based security authentication technology has recently been developed as a complementary replacement technology. In this study, we introduce location-based security authentication technology using cell broadcasting technology, which has a wider range of applications and is more convenient and business-friendly than existing location-based security authentication technologies. We also introduced application cases and business models related to this. In addition to the current status of technology development, we analyzed current changes in business models being employed. Based on our analysis results, this study draws the implication that technology diversification is necessary to improve the performance of innovative technologies. It is meaningful that it has found and studied advanced technologies other than existing location authentication methods and systems.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.321-335
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• 2020

Given that with the development of the 4th industry, interest and desire for smart cities are gradually increasing and related technologies are developed as a way to strengthen urban competitiveness by utilizing big data, information and communication technology, IoT, M2M, and AI, the purpose of this study is to find out how to achieve this goal on the premise of the idea of smart well fair city. In other words, the purpose is to devise a smart well-fair city in the care area, such as health care, medical care, and welfare, and see if it is feasible. With this recognition, the paper aimed to review the concept and scope of smart city, the discussions that have been made so far and the issues or limitations on its connection to social security and social welfare, and based on it, come up with the concept of welfare city. As a method of realizing the smart welfare city, the paper reviewed characteristics and features of a social security platform as well as the applicability of smart city, especially care services. Furthermore, the paper developed discussions on the standardization of the city in terms of political and institutional improvements, utilization of personal information and public data as well as ways of institutional improvement centering on social security information system. This paper highlights the importance of implementing the digitally based community care and smart welfare city that our society is seeking to achieve. With regard to the social security platform based on behavioral design and the 7 principles(6W1H method), the present paper has the limitation of dealing only with smart cities in the fields of healthcare, medicine, and welfare. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of smart cities in other fields and to consider the application and utilization of technologies in various aspects and the corresponding impact on our society. It is expected that this paper will suggest the future course and vision not only for smart cities but also for the social security and welfare system and thereby make some contribution to improving the quality of people's lives through the requisite adjustments made in each relevant field.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38B no.5
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• pp.394-400
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• 2013

WoT (Web of Things) was proposed to realize intelligent thing to thing communications using WEB standard technology. It is difficult to adapt security protocols suited for existing Internet communications into WoT directly because WoT includes LLN(Low-power, Lossy Network) and resource constrained sensor devices. Recently, IETF standard group propose to use DTLS protocol for supporting security services in WoT environments. However, DTLS protocol is not an efficient solution for supporting end to end security in WoT since it introduces complex handshaking procedures and high communication overheads. We, therefore, divide WoT environment into two areas- one is DTLS enabled area and the other is an area using lightweight security scheme in order to improve them. Then we propose a mutual authentication scheme and a session key distribution scheme for the second area. The proposed system utilizes a smart device as a mobile gateway and WoT proxy. In the proposed authentication scheme, we modify the ISO 9798 standard to reduce both communication overhead and computing time of cryptographic primitives. In addition, our scheme is able to defend against replay attacks, spoofing attacks, select plaintext/ciphertext attacks, and DoS attacks, etc.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 2016

The organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been studied as large flexible displays, light source and hard wares of internet of things. However, OLEDs show some drawbacks in terms of external environments due to the low work function of the metals and the reactive organic materials. In particular, the operation functions of the OLEDs tend to deteriorate rapidly by exposing the oxygen and moisture. So as to prevent it, domestic and overseas studies underway in various method such as ALD, PVD, CVD. But it has complex process and high cost. Therefore In order to protect devices from the external environments, it is important to develop the passivation thin films of low-cost and simple process which can prevent the devices from the penetration of the oxygen and moistures. In this study, to improve the reliability, passivation thin films were coated onto the green OLEDs by spin coating method and investigated the changes of the optical properties of the prepared devices at various doping concentrations of sodium alginate (SA). The passivation solutions were synthesized by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) host material with a dopant of SA which were added with the amounts of 10, 20 and 40 wt% into the PVA. As a result, the best barrier properties of the OLEDs were obtained for the samples with 40 wt% SA. Finally, the passivation films can be optimized by using the mixture solution of PVA and SA materials.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

The sound source localization technique has various application fields in the era of internet-of-things, for which the probe size becomes critical. The localization methods using the acoustic intensity vector has an advantage of downsizing the layout of the array owing to a small finite-difference error for the short distance between adjacent microphones. In this paper, the acoustic intensity vector and the Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) method are compared in the viewpoint of the localization error in the far-field. The comparison is made according to the change of spacing between adjacent microphones of the three-dimensional microphone array arranged in a tetrahedral shape. An additional test is conducted in the reverberant field by varying the reverberation time to verify the effectiveness of the methods applied to the actual environments. For estimating the TDoA, the Generalized Cross Correlation-Phase transform (GCC-PHAT) algorithm is adopted in the computation. It is found that the mean localization error of the acoustic intensimetry is 2.9° and that of the GCC-PHAT is 7.3° for T₆₀ = 0.4 s, while the error increases as 9.9°, 13.0° for T₆₀ = 1.0 s, respectively. The data supports that a compact array employing the acoustic intensimetry can localize of the sound source in the actual environment with the moderate reflection conditions.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

This a qualitative research about the virtual personal assistant, voice recognition device SKT 'NUGU' which was launched on September 1, 2016. For the study, an in-depth interview was committed with the 9 research participants who had used this device for more than a month. For the result of the interview, 362 concepts were discovered and through open coding, axis coding, selective coding the concepts got categorized in 16 sub-categories and 10 top categories. After recognizing 362 concepts from the interview sources, I proposed a paradigm model from the open coding. And from the selective coding, the main category of the study has been narrowed down to understand the 'Usage Patterns by Each Type'. As a result of the typification, it was confirmed that the usage pattern can be described in two different types of the dependent and inquiry type. From the result of the research, it provided the basic data about the user experience of virtual assistant which can be utilized when suggesting virtual personal assistant in the near future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.705-717
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• 2020

Cities in the world are rushing to develop smart cities to create a sustainable and happy city by solving many problems in cities using information and communication technologies such as big data and IoT. However, in Korea's smart cities and smart city certification systems, the focus is on platform-oriented hardware infrastructure, and the information security aspect is first considered to build and authenticate. It is a situation in which a response system for the risk of leakage of big data containing personal information is needed through policy research on the aspect of personal information protection for smart city operation. This paper analyzes the types of personal information in smart cities, problems associated with the construction and operation of smart cities, and the limitations of the current smart city law and personal information protection management system. As a solution, I would like to present a model of a personal information protection management system in the smart city field and propose a plan to strengthen personal information protection through this. Since the management system model of this paper is applied and operated in the national smart city pilot cities, demonstration cities, and CCTV integrated control centers, it is expected that citizens' personal information can be safely managed.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

Today's healthcare, intelligent robots, smart home systems, and car sharing are already innovating with cutting-edge information and communication technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things, the Internet of Intelligent Things, and Big data. It is deeply affecting our lives. In the factory, robots have been working for humans more than several decades (FA, OA), AI doctors are also working in hospitals (Dr. Watson), AI speakers (Giga Genie) and AI assistants (Siri, Bixby, Google Assistant) are working to improve Natural Language Process. Now, in order to understand AI, knowledge of mathematics becomes essential, not a choice. Thus, mathematicians have been given a role in explaining such mathematics that make these things possible behind AI. Therefore, the authors wrote a textbook 'Basic Mathematics for Artificial Intelligence' by arranging the mathematics concepts and tools needed to understand AI and machine learning in one or two semesters, and organized lectures for undergraduate and graduate students of various majors to explore careers in artificial intelligence. In this paper, we share our experience of conducting this class with the full contents in http://matrix.skku.ac.kr/math4ai/.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1427-1435
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• 2017

The smart farm is a remarkable system because it utilizes information and communication technologies in agriculture to bring high productivity and excellent qualities of crops. It automatically measures the growth environment of the crops and accumulates huge amounts of environmental information in real time growing in smart farms using multi-variable control of environmental factors. The statistical model using the collected big data will be helpful for decision making in order to control optimal growth environment of crops in smart farms. Using data collected from a smart farm of tomato, we carried out multiple regression analysis to determine the relationship between yield and environmental factors and to predict yield of tomato. In this study, appropriate parameter modification was made for environmental factors considering tomato growth. Using these new factors, we fit the model and derived the optimal environmental factors that affect the yields of tomato. Based on this, we could predict the yields of tomato. It is expected that growth environment can be controlled to improve tomato productivities by using statistical model.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2018

The V-world, Spatial information open platform map service, provides various national spatial data. Recently, with the development of IT technology, demand for 3D geospatial data that can be merged with new industries such as Internet of Things(IoT) and autonomous vehicles is increasing. Because 3D geospatial data is large and complex, many computer resources are used to provide map services. Most of the 3D map services, such as Vworld, are constructed binary data in consideration of performance. However, this type of data is incompatible because it is difficult to use in other services if there is no precise understanding of the specification. In this paper, we propose a data serialization method to improve the compatibility of new Vworld 3D format which is constructed in binary form. The performance of binary data and serialized binary data is tested and compared. As a result, it is expected that the data using the serialization technique will be similar to the binary data and contribute to improve compatibility.