• Title/Summary/Keyword: 뿌리생장

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A Development of Automation system and a way to use Solar Energy System Efficiently in Greenhouse(2) - Study on improvement of growth and yield of a cucumber in soil heating - (시설원예 태양열 시스템의 효율적 이용과 자동화 장치개발(2) -지중가온에 의한 오이 생육 및 수량성 향상에 관한 연구-)

  • 김진현;오중열;구건효;김태욱
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 1998
  • Root zone temperature have influenced on protected cultivation in winter season. Especially root zone temperature is acted on limiting factor in crop cultivation. This study was conducted to obtain optimum temperature of root zone in Protected cultivation Root zone was warmed by heated water($28^{\circ}C$) flowing through the PPC pipe(${\phi}15$) buried depth 40 cm. And the flowing water was heated by solar system. Minimum air temperature during night time was set at $14^{\circ}C$ and maximum air temperature during day time was set at $28~30^{\circ}C$ the growing period of cucumber was from Nov. 6, 1996 to Jan. 30, 1997. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Average soil temperature at 15~20 cm depth was $22^{\circ}C$ at warming plots, $17~18^{\circ}C$ at non-warming plots 2. Early growth in leaf length, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area for 30 days after planting were accelerated by root zone warming. Especially, the grawing rate of soil warming plots was higher 27% in leaf length, 51% in leaf number, 150% in leaf area than non-warming Plots. Above-ground and underground part of warming plots was higher 117%, 56% than non-warming plots. 3. In total yield analysis, number of fruits were 614 in soil warming and 313 in non-warming plots. In the result, total yield of soil warming plots was increased with 196% than non-warming plots. 3. In total yield analysis. number of fruits were 614 in soil warming and 313 in non-warming plots. In the result. total yield of soil warming plots was increased with 196% than non-warming plots.

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Antibiofilm Activity of Scutellaria baicalensis through the Inhibition of Synthesis of the Cell Wall (1, 3)-${\beta}$-D-Glucan Polymer (세포벽 (1,3)-${\beta}$-D-Glucan Polymer 합성의 저해로 인한 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis)의 항바이오필름 활성)

  • Kim, Younhee
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.88-95
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    • 2013
  • Candida biofilms are self-organized microbial communities growing on the surfaces of host tissues and medical devices. These biofilms have been displaying increasing resistance against conventional antifungal agents. The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis have been widely used for medicinal purpose throughout East Asia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of S. baicalensis aqueous extract upon the preformed biofilms of 10 clinical C. albicans isolates, and assess the mechanism of the antibiofilm activity. Its effect on preformed biofilm was judged using an XTT reduction assay and the metabolic activity of all tested strains were reduced ($57.7{\pm}17.3$%) at MIC values. The S. baicalenis extract inhibited (1, 3)-${\beta}$-D-glucan synthase activity. The effect of S. baicalensis on the morphology of C. albicans was related to the changes in growth caused by inhibiting glucan synthesis; most cells were round and swollen, and cell walls were densely stained or ruptured. The anticandidal activity was fungicidal, and the extract also arrested C. albicans cells at $G_0/G_1$. The data suggest that S. baicalensis has multiple fatal effects on target fungi, which ultimately result in cell wall disruption and killing by inhibiting (1, 3)-${\beta}$-D-glucan synthesis. Therefore, S. baicalensis holds great promise for use in treating and eliminating biofilm-associated Candida infections.

Phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils using alfalfa (Alfalfa를 이용한 디젤오염토양의 phytoremediation)

  • 심지현;이준규;심상규;황경엽;장윤영
    • Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 1999
  • In the past several years phytoremediation, defined as the use of plants for removing contaminants from media such as soils or water, has attracted a great deal of interest as a potentially useful remediation technology We attempted to assess the effectiveness of phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soils in a green house. Screening test for selecting an appropriate plant was performed by observing the harmful effects of diesel dosage on the growth of 4 plants. Alfalfa was selected as a potentially useful plant among corn and barnyard grasses due to its high tolerance to the toxicity of diesel in growth. Bioremediation of the artificial diesel-contaminated soil packed in the PVC columns(0.3m in diameter $\times$ 1m in length) with air supplied, alfalfa planted, and alfalfa and air supplied was investigated for 100 days. The results of the column test showed plant effects on enhancing the biodegradation of diesel in the contaminated soils compared to the control column which had no plant. Injecting air to the columns during phytoremediation also showed additional effects on the removal rate of diesel. Comparison of microbial activity in each test column showed a beneficial effect of plants in the soil remediation processes. This results can be explained microbial activity in rhizosphere is a crucial factor for removing diesel.

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Herbicidal Activity of Thiocarbamate Herbicides and Its Effect on Cell Division and Elongation (Thiocarbamate계(系) 잡초제(雜草劑)의 살초력(殺草力)과 세포분열(細胞分裂) 및 신장(伸長)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Chun, J.C.;Lee, C.K.;Ma, S.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.46-53
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    • 1995
  • The herbicidal activity of thiocarbamate herbicides and its effect on cell division and elongation were determined. The herbicides studied were molinate(S-ethyl-N,N-hexamethylenethiocarbamate), dimepiperate [S-(${\alpha}$,${\alpha}$-di methylbenzyle)piperidine-1-carbothioate], esprocarb [S-benzyl-N-ethyl-N-(1,2-dimethylpropyl) thiocarbamate], and thiobencarb [S-(4-chlorobenzyl)-N, N-diethylthiocarbamate]. The herbicides applied at the rates ranged from $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-5}M$ did not affect germination and post-germination root growth of rice(Oryza sativa L.) and barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) P. Beauv.], but inhibited the post-germination shoot growth. There was no inhibition of gibberellin-induced ${\alpha}$-amylase biosynthesis in de-embryonated rice seeds by the herbicides at $10^{-5}M$, but about 50-60% inhibition occurred at $10^{-4}M$. When the herbicides were applied 7 days after seeding, the rates required to 50% growth inhibition of barnyardgrass were 146g, 91g, 96g, and 102g ai/10a for molinate, dimepiperate, esprocarb, and thiobencarb, respectively. No effect of the herbicides on cell division was found at $10^{-4}M$, but about 31 to 47% inhibition as compared with the untreated check was obtained by treatment of the herbicides at $10^{-3}M$. However, about 33 to 38% inhibition of cell elongation occurred at $10^{-5}M$ of the herbicides. They also inhibited IAA-induced cell elongation.

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Effects of Hairy Vetch and Animal Slurry on Growth and Yield of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (헤어리베치 녹비 및 액상분뇨 시용이 황기 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • Ryoo, Jong-Won
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.83-88
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    • 2003
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the mulching of hairy vetch and pig manure on the growth, yield and crude protein contents of the mulching of hairy vetch and application of animal slurry were treated and investigated in $2000{\sim}2002$. At the first year of cultivation, there were no differences among the treatments in plant height, but second year the growth of plants increased and continued over long times as the hairy vetch mulched and fertilized. The length and diameter of plant root were increased in the plot of hairy vetch mulching and the application of animal slurry. At first year of cultivation, no clear difference was found for among the treatments on dry weight and dry matter ratio in roots. At second year of cultivation, they were increased at in the plot of mulching and fertilizer treatment. The appearances of weeds in the field on Astragalus membranaces were much lower on the plots of live-mulching of hairy vetch than those on the control. The yield of root was 255kg highest in the plot of mulching and animal slurry application of 2-year-old roots. The root yield of Astragalus membranaces was increased about $8{\sim}10%$ compared to that with control, due to supply of nutrients. During the cultivation times, organic matters and N contents in soil increased by the mulching of hairy vetch and the application of animal slurry. The concentration of K, Ca concentration in soil showed a tendency to increase.

Phytoremediation Technology with Using Water Celery (Oenanthe stolonifer DC.) to Clean up Heavy Metals in the Contaminated Wastewater (미나리 재배에 의한 중금속 오염수의 식물정화)

  • Park, Jong-Sun;Han, Sung-Su;Yoon, Duck-Joong;Shin, Joung-Du
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.122-129
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    • 2002
  • The removal rate of heavy metals from the wastewater, the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants after transplanting, and the responses of water celery growth with different wastewater treatments were investigated to determine the potential ability of green-remediation with hydroponic culture of water celery. The removal rate and translocation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from different wastewater to plants were compared with cultivation periods after transplanting. The removal rate of heavy metals from wastewater was different with each treatment but increased with growing periods of water celery plants. The removal rate of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater is ranged from 22 to 73%, from 28 to 100%, from 13 to 92% and from 41 to 100% at 6 days after transplanting, respectively. The translocations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from roots to shoots in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater are ranged from 14 to 28%. 8 to 30%. from 28 to 45% and from 2 to 15% at 12 days after transplanting, respectively. In plant growth responses, it appears to be inhibited the plant growth over all treatments excepts for Munmark industrial wastewater in these glowing periods. Therefore the water celery might play a useful role in phytoremediation to clean up wastewater contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni or Pb.

Effects of Irrigation Methods of Deep Sea Water on the Growth of Plug Seedlings (육묘 시 해양심층수의 관수 방법이 유묘의 생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Hong Sung-Yu;Yoon Byeong-Sung;Kang Won-Hee
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.156-161
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    • 2006
  • Overhead and sub-irrigation of deep sea water to tomato seedlings reduced the height as 50% and 58% than control plants. In the same treatment with surface sea water and NaCl water, the reduced rate in tomato seedlings' height were 49% and 56% in overhead irrigation, and 47% and 57% in sub-irrigation, respectively. Most effective method for the inhibition of the growth of the seedling was sub-irrigation method, which supplied water through the roots. No significant difference was observed on fresh weight of the upper part of tomato and cucumber seedlings, though the sub-irrigation reduced the fresh weight than the overhead irrigation. The reduced rate of fresh weight of seedlings by overhead irrigation was by 38% and sub-irrigation by 49% as compared to control. Similarly dry weight of upper and under soil parts of seedlings showed same trend of results thereof as fresh weight. This result can be traced to reduction of growth caused by salts in the water. In stem diameter of seedlings no significant difference was observed between two irrigation methods, even though both deep sea and NaCl water reduced stem diameter, as compared to control water. Overhead irrigation can be chosen by seedling producers because of better seedling quality by using TH ratio. Seedling compactness were not noticed in both the overhead and sub-irrigation. Sub-irrigation was found more effective method far the inhibition of height and compactness of tomato seedlings. Higher the concentration of NaCl, deep sea, and surface sea water, lesser the growth in height, fresh and dry weight, stem diameter, and leaf area was obtained. No significant difference was found, though sub-irrigation suppress the growth of seedlings.

Morphological Study of the Suction Trap in Aquatic Utricularia japonica (수생형 통발(Utricularia japonica)의 흡입식 포충낭 형태 연구)

  • Kim, In-Sun
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2010
  • Morphology and microstructure of the suction trap in aquatic Utricularia japonica were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Branched stems bear numerous suction traps without root formation. The traps are derived axillary from the node, and their antennae and appendages extend in a peculiar fashion. The trap walls are thin, two-celled, parenchyma tissue and simple, small glands are scattered in both internal and external surface of the trap. The entrance of the trap is surrounded by one pair of dorsal antennae and ventral appendages, where the former guides the prey to the entrance. Trap door is situated below the entrance and numerous sessile and stalked capitate trichomes cover the entrance and even on the door surface. The capitate trichomes are secretory, but four trigger hairs formed on the central areas of the door are not. They are believed to function in activating and tripping the trap door. A specialized region of the threshold come in contact with the lower portion of the door upon closing. The secretory capitate trichomes near this region are responsible for producing and secreting a mucilage-like substance which composes the velum. Two-armed bifid glands are located in the interior side of the threshold, while four-armed quadrifid glands are considerably numerous occurring over the entire inner trap wall. Bifid and quadrifid glands develop semi-spherical basal cells that connect them to the inner wall surface. Antennae, trigger hairs, capitate trichomes, bifid and quadrifid glands are more important structures in the carnivory of U. japonica.

Factors and Recovery of Herbicide Phytotoxicity on Direct - seeded Rice - 3. Phytotoxicity of Herbicide by Three Elements of Fertilizer (직파(直播) 벼의 제초제(除草劑) 약해(藥害) 요인(要因)과 회복(回復) 연구(硏究) - 3. 비료 3요소에 따른 약해 발생 특성)

  • Im, Il-Bin;Usui, K.;Cho, S.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.20-27
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    • 1998
  • This experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizer for herbicides phytotoxicity of rice(Oryza sativa L. japonica cv Dongjin). The shoot and root growth of rice were inhibited more by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl or pyrazosulfuronethyl+molinate than bensulfuron methyl or bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate application in nitrogen or nitrogen mixed solution. In phosphate or phosphate mixed solution, rice growth were inhibited more by bensulfuron methyl or bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate than pyrazosulfuron-ethyl or pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate application. In solution mixed with nitrogen and phosphate or fertilizer three elements, rice shoots were more. inhibited by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl or pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate treatments, roots were inhibited more relatively by bensulfuron methyl or bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate treatments. In all fertilizer solutions, rice plant heights were reduced by dimepiperate and molinate applications, but root growth was reduced only by nitrogen and phosphate mixed solution. Rice growth in sulfonylurea or their mixed herbicide application were more inhibited in high :nitrogen concentration arid by phosphate exclusion than by nitrogen exclusion culture.

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Optimization of gibberellin production by Fusarium prolifertum KGL0401 and its involvement in waito-c rice growth (Fusarium prolifertum KGL0401의 지베렐린 생산 최적조건과 waito-c 생장에 미치는 영향)

  • Rim, Soon-Ok;Lee, Jin-Hyung;Lee, In-Jung;Rhee, In-Koo;Kim, Jong-Guk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.17 no.1 s.81
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    • pp.120-124
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    • 2007
  • Fusarium proliferatum KGL0401 was previously isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti plant roots and exhibited higher GA productivity than wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. The :tim of this work was to find out an optimal culture condition for GA production. Various carbon(fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) and nitrogen($KNO_3$, urea, glycine, $NaNO_3,\;NH_4Cl$) sources were used for this study. GAs activities were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The highest yield of $GA_3$ was found in the growth medium supplemented with sucrose as carbon source and $NH_4Cl$ as nitrogen source. The optimum carbon-nitrogen concentration for $GA_3$ production was found to be 0.5 M:0.17 M. Supernatant was prepared from the culture fluid of F. proliferatum KGL0401 cultured for 7 days at 3 0'E and the 10 ul supernatant was treated with 2 leaf-rice seedling.