• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2006

This study was Conducted to investigate the effect of ${\gamma}-PGA\;({\gamma}-poly\;glutamic\;acid)$ on Ca absorption and bone metabolism in rats. Weaned 4-week old male rats were fed Ca-deficient diets for 3 weeks after the adjustment period. Rats were divided into 6 groups and were fed experimental diets for four weeks. Experimental groups were basal (Ca deficient), control (Ca diet: Ca 0.45%), CP1(Ca 0.45%+casein phosphopeptide 1%), PG1(Ca 0.45%+gamma poly glutamic acid 1%), CPG (Ca 0.45%+casein phosphopeptide 1%+gamma poly glutamic acid 1%) and PG3(Ca 0.45%+gamma poly glutamic acid 3%). Though daily Ca intake and food intake of experimental groups showed no significant difference that of control group. The values of fecal Ca excretion and urinary Ca excretion in groups fed ${\gamma}-PGA$ were significantly lower than that in tile control group. The values of Ca absorption in groups fed ${\gamma}-PGA$ were significantly higher than that in the control group. The levels of femur Ca in ${\gamma}-PGA$ supplemented group were significantly increased compared to the control group. Also, breaking force of femur in ${\gamma}-PGA$ supplemented group showed about 40% increase compared to the control group. These results show that ${\gamma}-PGA$ supplement could be helpful to increase Ca absorption as well as to intensify the femur strength and to increase the Ca content of femur in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.697-704
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• 2013

The inhibitory effect of ethanol extracts from Curdrania tricuspidata leaves (CTL) on osteoarthritis was investigated in primary cultured rat cartilage cells and a monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritis rat model. To identify the effects of CTL 80% ethanol extracts (CTL80) and CTL 10% ethanol extracts (CTL10) against $H_2O_2$ treatment in vitro, cell survival was measured by the MTT assay. Cell survival after $H_2O_2$ treatment increased with CTL80 and CTL10 close to normal up to $300{\mu}g/mL\;H_2O_2$. The mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was determined MMP-7 and MMP-13 (known catabolic factors), were significantly inhibited by CTL 80 and CTL10; a $200{\mu}g/mL$ dose of CTL80 especially decreased MMP-13 expression. In vivo, osteoarthritis was induced by an intra-articular injection of MIA into the knee joints of rats, then CTL80 and CTL10 orally administered daily for 35 days. After the animals were sacrificed, histological evaluations of their knee joints revealed a reduction in polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and smooth synovial lining in the CTL80-500 group. Micro-CT analysis of hind paws from CTL80-500 and CTL10 showed a protection against osteophyte formation, soft tissue swelling, and bone resorption. In conclusion, CTL ethanol extracts are effective in ameliorating joint destruction and cartilage erosion in MIA-induced rats. CTL decreases and normalizes articular cartilage through preventing extracellular matrix degradation and chondrocyte injury, and could potentially serve as a therapeutic treatment for humans.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.428-435
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of instant gruel containing ear mushroom and black rice with the goal of improving the added value and increasing the consumption of ear mushroom. To make ear mushroom instant gruel using the puffing technique, the proportion of white rice to black rice and the amounts of dried ear mushroom added ranged from 75~100% : 25~0% and 0~4%, respectively. Based on rapid visco analysis (RVA) of gruel powder, peak viscosity, holding strength, final viscosity and set back increased as we increased the proportion of dried ear mushroom and decreased that of black rice. The gruel made of 80% white rice : 20% black rice and 3% dried ear mushroom contained $18.53{\mu}g/100g$ vitamin $D_2$, 3.73 g/100 g dietary fiber and is therefore expected to improve bone health and bowel movement. Also, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity for this gruel was 56.7%, which indicates high antioxidant activity. In contrast, using 100% white rice or 75% white rice : 25% black rice adversely affected the taste and flavor of the gruel.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.874-883
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• 2018

Osteoporosis is a disease that increases the risk of fracture by decreasing the mass and strength of bone. It is caused by imbalance of osteoclast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption. Bone formation by osteoblast is activated via bone morphogenetic proteins and runt-related transcription factor 2. $Wnt/{\beta}-catenin$ signaling and bone resorption by osteoclast are initiated by the binding of receptor activator of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ligand and receptor activator of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$. Menopausal women are at risk for many diseases due to hormonal imbalances, and osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disorder in 30% of postmenopausal women. When estrogen is deficient, bone resorption of osteoclasts is promoted, and the risk of osteoporosis especially increases in postmenopausal women. Hormone replacement therapy has been widely used to relieve or treat the symptoms of menopausal syndrome. However, long-term administration of hormone therapy has been associated with a high risk of side effects, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and uterine cancer. Recently, phytochemicals have been actively studied as a phytoestrogen, which has an estrogen-like activity to cope with symptoms of menopausal syndrome. Therefore, in this review, we investigated the differentiation mechanism of osteoblast and osteoclast and the role of estrogen and phytoestrogen in bone metabolism in relation to previous studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.24 no.7 s.93
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• pp.65-79
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• 2006

The ATIS(Advance Traveler Information System), as one part of ITS, is a system aiming to disperse traffic volume on transportation networks by providing traffic information to transportation users on pre-trip and en-route trips. One of tools in ATIS is usage of VMS(Variable Message Signs). It provides to the drivers with direct information about state of processing direction. which is considered as the most effective method in ATIS. The purposes of providing VMS information are classified two categories. One is to provide simple information to drivers for their convenience. The other is to manage traffic demand to improve transportation network performance. However, for more effective and reliable VMS information, several strategies should be taken into account. The main VMS management strategy is "Traffic Diversion Strategy for minimum delay" when traffic congestion or incident are occurred. For effective operation. firstly. reasonable diversion traffic volume is determined by network traffic condition Secondly, it is necessary to make providing information strategy which reflects driver response behavior for controling diversion traffic volume. This paper focuses on the providing real-time route guidance information by VMS when congestion is occurred by the incidents. This sturdy estimates time-dependent system optimal diversion rate that inflects travel time and queue lengths using traffic flow simulation model on base Cellular Automata. In addition, route choice behavior models are developed using binary logit model for traffic information variable by traffic system controller. Finally, this study provides time-dependent VMS massage contents and degree of providing information in order to optimize the traffic flow.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.315-319
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• 2001

In odor to improve preference to small red muscle fish such as saury, sardine, herring, etc., a new seasoning and conditioning process was experimented using kimchi seasoning ingredients and organic acids. The sensory profiles during 60 days of conditioning at $5^{\circ}C$ showed better results in dry salting than in wet salting. The additions of rice bran in dry salting gave advantageous effect on the sensory evaluation of conditioned saury with kimchi seasoning. The counts of remained fine bones and hardness of backbones after 60 days of conditioning were about $50\%\;and\;23\%$ in wet salted product, and $38\sim41\%$ and $11\sim14\%$ in dry salted product respectively, as compared to raw saury, The decomposition of protein to amino acids was more severe in wet salted product than in dry salted product. Histidine, leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, and valine in order were abundant in wet salted product, but histidine, glutamic acid, arginine, leucine, and alanine in order were contained plentifully in dry salted product.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.314-320
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• 2010

As the nature of triathlons is competition in three successive sports, triathletes experience elevated levels of stress on the body that are absent in single-sport athletic events, and consequently there are more potential medical problems to prepare for. Triathletes can also experience problems such as hypothermia, heat illness, excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal injuries and trauma, immunosuppression, and haemolysis. Depending on the potentiality of such above-listed problems occurring in any given race, race organizers will prepare preventative measures and treatments accordingly. Olympic distance is not the only triathlon racing distance. Sprints, which are normally around half the Olympic distance, are common distances, as well as Long (2 km swim, 80 km bike, 20 km run), Ironman (3.8 km swim, 180 km bike, 42 km run), and ultra-distance events varying in length. Races of longer duration normally result in a higher percentage of athletes experiencing the above-mentioned medical problems, as well as inducing additional health risks such as hyponatraemia. Minimizing the occurrences of serious health issues is possible through the following means: carefully preparing for the probable race-day weather conditions; proper management and organization of the race; preparing an extensive water-safety and ground-course safety plan; distributing necessary nutrition along the course; and stressing the importance for athletes to have proper knowledge concerning race nutrition, biomechanical technique, physical preparation, and utilization of safe equipment. While risks of competing in triathlon are many, the instances of such medical problems are not excessive, and the triathlon has a reputation of being a reasonably safe sport as long as athletes with high risk take added precautions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.11 s.256
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• pp.799-802
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• 2005

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) involves disorders previously referred as 'histiocytosis X' (including eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe, and Hand-Schuller syndrome). Its clinical patterns are various and it is a basically benign tumoral condition but with a strong tendency toward dissemination and destruction. Its natural history is unpredictable. But, in solitary bone lesion, wide resection with tumor-free margin is required in order to provide the best chance for a cure. In the majority of patients LCH is a osteolytic lesion with a predilection for calvarium and is rarely seen in the skull base and the femur. LCM of rib, especially if solitary, is relatively rare. We report two rare cases of solitary LCH developed in the rib, which were successfully treated by surgical resection.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.90-103
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• 2016

This research was aimed to analyze load sharing ratios between cortical shell and trabecular bone of a degraded lumbar vertebra with aging, and also evaluate elastic moduli assigned into an FE model, using finite element method. For the better analysis of trabecular bone, effective elastic moduli, that is, nominal elastic moduli divided by the volumetric porosities was used. The elastic moduli of the cortical shell suitable for the trabecular bone were obtained from the equations on the basis of idealized stress-strain relations, including areal porosities. To minimize numerical errors, p-element was used. Using eight parameters that refer to some published papers, the geometry of L3 with a removed posterior part. After the constant compressive displacement was applied, the load sharing ratios were obtained by using both every elastic strain energy and every vertical force between two bones in each 8-volume. As results, 1) according to an increase in age from 20-year to 80-year, load sharing ratios of trabecular bone decreased from 55% to 49%; 2) the maximal ratios of each bone were occurred in the mid-plane of centrums and the endplate of cortical shells, respectively; 3) effective elastic moduli assigned into a porous centrum/cortex were found to be adequate; 4) for load sharing ratios, the difference of two methods showed that the total ratios were almost same within less than 1% but the partial ratios at every depth were more or less different each other.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2018

This study optimized the bone-softening and fishy odor-reducing process for mackerel Scomber japonicus products using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM showed that the optimum concentrations of doenjang and citric acid for reducing the fishy odor in bone-softened mackerel were 11.8% and 0.04%, respectively, and the optimum immersion time was 52.2 min. The estimated overall acceptance, salinity, and acidity of the products under these optimum conditions were 7.7 points, 1.1%, and 202.6 mg/100 g, respectively, which were similar to the actual measured values of $7.6{\pm}1.2$ points, $1.0{\pm}0.1%$ and $203.2{\pm}3.8mg/100g$. Moreover, the heating temperature and time for bone-softening based on RSM were $107.3^{\circ}C$ and 4.4 h, respectively. The estimated hardness and proportion of skin removed from the product under the optimal conditions were $161.5g/cm^2$ and 0.09%, respectively, which were also similar to the actual measured values of $171.1{\pm}12.6g/cm^2$ and $0.10{\pm}0.02%$. The optimum bone-softening and fishy odor-reducing process for mackerel consisted of the following steps: thawing (${\leq}10^{\circ}C$, 8 h), filleting, washing/dewatering, immersing in an 11.8% doenjang -0.04% citric acid solution for 52 min, washing/dewatering, heating ($107.3^{\circ}C$, 4.4 h), freezing, depanning, internal and external packaging, and X-ray detection treatment.