• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.200-214
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• 1994

In order to clarify the benthic environmental properties as a part of a study on the macrobenthic community in the Chinhae Bay System, water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) in surface and bottom water layers, mean grain size (${\phi}$) and sediment organic carborn (SOC) in surface sediment were analyzed at twelve stations during the period from June 1987 to May 1990. A high sediment organic carbon and hypoxic condition in bottom water due to the development of summer stratification and fine sediment texture toward the inner bay were important environmental characteristics of Chinhae Bay. Hypoxic conditions began to develop in the inner bay from May, and gradually spread toward the outer bay in summer with a peak in September when half the bay was affected by this oxygen deficiency. Recovery from this hypoxic condition in the bottom layer was observed from the beginning of autumn together with a disappearance of the summer stratification. Principal component analyses were carried out from the following five environmental variables:mean water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen in the bottom layer and mean grain size, sediment organic carbon in surface sediment. The twelve stations were classified into four areal groups based on the analyses. The division of the areal groups had high correlations to the sediment organic carbon content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2000

천연해역의 빈산소의 형성은 직접적으로 해양동물에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 간접적으로는 저질로부터 철(Fe) 등을 용출시켜 2차적인 피해를 미치게 된다 (Gavis and Grant, 1986). 해역에 빈산소 조건이 형성될 경우, 해양동물은 여러 가지 측면에서 악영향을 받으며, 극단적인 경우에는 집단사망을 일으키거나 생물량이 제한되며(Fenchel and Riedl, 1970; Jorgensen, 1980), 동시에 저질로부터의 철의 용출은 해양동물에 보다 많은 피해를 미칠 수 있다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3 s.104
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• pp.322-335
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• 2003

Nutrient fluxes and sediment oxygen demands (SOD) were measured with intact sediment cores collected from three stations in the downstream of Nagdong River. The sediments were subjected to controlled oxic and hypoxic conditions and temperature gradients (from $10^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$) of the overlying waters in laboratory batch system. The effect of temperature and labile layer thickness of the sediment on SOD were examined. $PO_4\;^{3-}$ and $NH_4\;^+$ fluxes were elevated above $20^{\circ}C$ and large mobilities were observed when they were coupled with a hypoxic and high-temperature condition. In the well oxygenated conditions, $PO_4\;^{3-}$ fluxes were negative or negligible but $NH_4\;^+$ fluxes ranged from 1.3 mg N $m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$ to 2.3 $m^{-2}\;hr^{-1}$. Temperature quotients($Q_{10}$) of $PO_4\;^{3-}$ fluxes were 3.7 ${\sim}$ 7.3 ranges to have the most high values. $PO_4\;^{3-}$ and $NH_4\;^+$ fluxes had the logarithmic increase with temperature, while $NO_3\;^-$ was negatively absorbed to the sediment and linearly correlated with the temperature. $SiO_2$ fluxes showed no difference among oxic and hypoxic conditions and sediment texture. The nutrient fluxes would be closely correlated with pore water chemistry of sediments and activated by the top sediment layer composition such as labile organic matters or algal detritus. The ecological implications of the nutrient fluxes were discussed in terms of sources and sinks of nutrients coupled to algal productions in the Nagdong River.

• Korean Aquaculture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2000

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.549-556
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• 1995

Experiments were carried out to examine the combined effects of hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide on survival, feeding activity and metabolic rata or Blue crab, Portunus trituberculatus. Survival rate of the crab was significantly affected by $\leq2.14mg/l$ dissolved oxygen, and feeding activity was also reduced below 1.41mg/l dissolved oxygen. Metabolic rate of the crab exosed to hypoxia $(\leq3.35mg/l)$ was significantly reduced than that exposed to normoxia. The combined effects of hypoxia $(\leq1.86mg/l)$ and hydrogen sulfide $(12.35 {\mu}g/l)$ on the survival rate were highly toxic than each single effect. Feeding activity was also decreased by the combinedexposure to $\leq1.86mg/l$ dissolved oxygen and $(12.35 {\mu}g/l)$ hydrogen sulfide compared with single effect.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.1213-1220
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• 1996

산소분압과 온도변화에 따라 비양론성 rutile(TiO2-x)의 결함모델을 전기전도 측정법에 의해 연구하였다. 산소분압과 전기전도도의 상관관계에 의하면, rutile에서 주결함은 2가로 하전된 산소빈자리와 4가로 하전된 침입형 티타늄이온이다. 117$0^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 침입형 Tii…이온이 지배적인 결함이었으나, 117$0^{\circ}C$이하의 낮은 산소분압대에서는 2가로 하전된 산소빈자리가 주된 결함이었다. rutile의 전기전도 실험에서 제안된 결함모델은 본 연구팀이 O18추적자 확산실험에 의해 제안하였던 결과치와 일치하였다.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

The relationship between summer hypoxia in bottom water layer and benthic community structure was discussed at forty sampling stations in semi-enclosed Youngsan River estuarine bay, Korea. The oxygen deficient layer less than $2.0 mg/\ell$ was widely developed in the inner estuarine stations in summer due to the summer stratification. A total of 141 species was occurred, with a mean density of $1,923 ind./m^2$ and biomass of $79.44\;g/m^2$ in summer season. The species number was significantly increased with the increment of the bottom dissolved oxygen, whereas density and biomass were partially correlated within the low oxygen level of $2.0\;mg/\ell$. These results imply that benthic community structures are affected by bottom oxygen depletion in summer. Cluster analysis showed that the benthic community could be classified into three station groups. These station groups from the species composition coincided with the groups based on the environmental factors. This fact suggests that the overall spatial distribution of macrozoobenthos in Youngsan River estuarine bay in summer should be controlled by the summer hypoxia and clay content of the area. Group-I was located the innermost estunrine bay from Mokpo Harbour to near the dike, where summer hypoxia was developed and one bivalve Theora fragilis, two polychaetes, Tharyx sp. and Lumbrineris longifolia were dominated. Group-II, the central transitory area of the estuarine bay between two another stational groups, where two bivalves Theora fragilis, Raetellops pulchella and a polychaete Tharyx sp. predominated with relatively low density compared to that of Group-I. Group-III, the mouth part of the estunrine bay exposed to the open sea, where a polychaetes Poecilochaetus johnsoni and a bivalve Yoldia Johanni predominated.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2016

We investigated the possibility of a bio-monitoring system for detecting hypoxic water in coastal area using shell valve movements of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), which showed most aquaculture production in Korea, with Hall element sensor. In filtrating water to confirm shell valve movement (SVM) under normal condition, it showed spikes which mean a relatively fast closing condition after opened condition of average 5~12 mm, and then the SVM showed back to opening condition slower than closing speed SVM numbers during light period were similar to that of dark period (p<0.05). When dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was reduced from 7 mg l^-1 to 3 mg l^-1, SVM numbers were increasing with decreasing of DO, and showed abnormality SVMs as compare with normal condition. Moreover, in the condition of 2 mg l^-1, Distance between light and left shell showed gradually decreased, and then we could not detected SVMs due to closed condition. Thus, if we quickly detect abnormal environmental variations as hypoxia water using bio-monitoring of SVM, it may be contribute to increased productivity by dramatically reducing damages in aquaculture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.168-169
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• 2008

해양환경의 변화에 따른 식물플랑크톤의 변동 특성을 파악하고자 해양환경변화에 따른 먹이생물의 변화를 살펴보았다. 수온은 하계에 높고 동계에 낮았으며, 염분은 동계에 높고 하계에 낮은 계절변동을 보였다. 용존산소는 하계 내만에서 3 mg/L 이하의 빈산소 수괴가 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 춘계인 5월에 4,500 cells/L이상으로 가장 높았으나, 6월에 급격히 낮아졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1093-1096
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• 2001

The Solid solution of A $l_2$ $O_3$ into ZnO can be defined by the substitution reaction of Al$\^$3+/ ions into the Zn$\^$2+/ sites of ZnO crystal lattice, the tetrahedral interstices composed of four neighbor oxygen ions in the wurtzite structure. Since the reaction either creates new zinc vacancies or consumes the oxygen vacancies, it should be in equilibrium with ZnO nonstoichiometry and disorder reactions. The relationships make oxygen partial pressure P$\sub$o2/ control the concentrations of the vacancies and consequently limit the Al solubility in ZnO, [Al$\sub$zn/]$\sub$max/. This paper firstly reports with a refined model for defect quilibria in ZnO that the solubility decrease with the increase of P$\sub$o2/, [Al$\sub$zn/]$\sub$max/ P$\sub$o2/$\^$-1/4/.