• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.50-54
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• 1996

극치확률 모델과 더불어 최극해면분석에 이용되는 또 하나의 방법은 조석 및 비조석성분의 복합확률방법(joint probability method)으로 Pugh와 Vassie(1978)에 의해 제시되었다. 이 방법은 조석(tide)과 비조석성분(surge)이 통계적으로 독립적인 변수(statistically independent variable)로 취득될 수 있는 가를 일차적으로 분석한 후 해면의 확률분포를 조위분석함수(tidal probability distribution function)와 비조석성분분포함수(surge probability distribution function)의 복합으로서 산정하는 것이다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.112-123
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• 2006

Double-peak normal distribution function was suggested as the probability density function of the non-tidal components (NTC) data in Korean coastal zone. Frequency distribution analysis of the NTC data was carried out using hourly tidal elevation data of the ten tidal gauging stations, i.e., Incheon, Gunsan, Mokpo, Jeju, Yeosu, Masan, Gadeokdo, Busan, Pohang, and Sokcho which were served through the Internet Homepage by the National Ocean Research Institute. NTC data is defined as the difference between the measured tidal elevation data and the astronomical tidal elevation data using 64 tidal constituents information. Based on the RMS error and R2 value comparison analysis, it was found that this suggested function as the probability density function of the NTC data was found to be more appropriate than the normal distribution function. The parameters of the double-peak function were estimated optimally using Levenberg-Marquardt method which was modified from the Newton method. The standard deviation and skewness coefficient were highly correlated with the non-tidal constants of the tidal gauging stations except Mokpo, Jeju and Sokcho stations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2013

The fact that tidal residuals are detected greatly at the tide-dominated region implies that tide component has still remained in the tidal residual. Auto-correlation function analysis also show that the auto-correlation coefficients are conspicuous near tidal periods at the Western Coast. A wavelet method was used to analyze characteristics of the short period or tide-relevant residuals. Considering the results that tidal period is prominent at the tide-dominated region, that seasonal variation is trivial at the short periods, and that shallow tidal period is conspicuous at Mokpo, the short period can be considered to be correlated with tide modulated surge. The result also shows short period components stem mainly from tide-forecasting error and tide-surge interaction. Thus tide modulated surge must be distinguished from meteorological surge.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.433-433
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• 2011

수자원 계획 및 관리를 위한 지표 자료로서 일유량은 매우 유용하기 때문에 정확한 일유량 산정의 문제는 매우 중요하다. 그러나 우리나라의 경우 조석이나 배수 갑문 혹은 보 등에 의한 배수 영향으로 인해 수위-유량관계곡선식만으로 정상적인 유량산정이 어려운 지점이 다수 존재한다. 특히, 한강대교 지점과 같이 조석영향 구간에서 수위-유량관계곡선식에 의해 산정된 일유량은 자료에 대한 곡선식의 적합도 문제로 그 정확도가 매우 낮았다. 최근 자동유량측정에 의해 시간단위 이하의 실시간 유량이 생산되고 있고 이를 이용하여 일유량을 환산하고 있어 과거에 비해 보다 정확한 일유량 산정이 가능해 졌다. 그러나 신뢰도 있는 일유량을 안정적으로 제공하기 위해서는 보다 다양한 조건을 고려한 비교 검증 연구가 요구되는 실정이다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구에서는 한강대교 지점과 같이 조석영향을 받는 지점의 일유량 산정방법 및 산정개념에 따른 유황의 차이와 적정성을 평가하여 보았다. 각 산정방법 및 산정개념 별로 산정된 일유량을 통해 유황을 산정하여 한강대교 지점의 일유량 산정방법에 대한 적정성을 평가하고 적절한 유황산정을 위한 목적별 대안을 제시하였다. 산정방법 별로는 기존의 수위-유량관계 곡선식으로 변환된 자료, 자동유량측정자료, 그리고 자동유량측정자료에서 조석성분을 제거한 순수 유출성분자료를 이용하여 일유량을 산정하였고, 이를 이용하여 산정된 유황에 대한 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 수위-유량관계곡선식에 의한 일유량은 수문조사연보의 자료를 이용하였고 자동유량자료를 이용한 일유량은 시자료를 평균하여 일유량으로 환산하는 방법을 사용하였다. 자동유량 자료에서 조석성분을 제거한 순수 유출성분의 추출은 웨이블릿 변환(wavelet transform)을 이용하였다. 각 방법별로 산정된 일유량을 비교한 결과 수위-유량관계곡선식에 의해 산정된 일유량이 자동 유량자료로 산정된 일유량에 비해 전반적으로 크게 나타났고, 2009년 한해 동안의 유출용적을 비교해 본 결과 18%정도 더 크게 산정되었다. 산정개념에 따른 비교에서는 조석성분 유량의 유효성 여부에 따른 유황을 비교하였으며, 조석성분 유량도 실효적 유량으로 간주한 경우 이론적 확률 분포형에 적합시켜 산정한 평균 갈수량은 15.7 ��/s(동절기 이상 거동기간인 2009년 11월 17일-12월 12일 기간을 제외하고 산정된 결과이나 불확실성은 잔존)에서 $53.2m^3/s$로 증가하였다. 따라서 유지유량의 목적상 경관용수나 생태용수가 중요한 지점으로 조석성분 유량이 이에 유효하다면, 유황산정을 위한 한강대교 지점의 일유량 산정방법은 다양한 목적에 비추어 추가적인 분석 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2022

최근 낙동강 하구 기수생태 복원에 있어서 중요한 요소 중 하나는 하굿둑 외해측의 보다 높은 정도를 가지는 조석예보치 산정과 이를 통해 하굿둑 방류량과 해수 유입량을 추정하여 주변 환경 등을 예측할 수 있다. 기수생태 복원이 본격으로 논의가 진행 전인 2016년까지는 하구에서 수km 떨어진 기존 조위관측소(부산 및 가덕도)를 활용하여 하류수위를 예측하여 왔지만 조위 높이와 위상 차이로 인하여 활용이 용이하지 않다. 따라서, 낙동강 하굿둑 인접 외해역에서 조석 영향을 받는 수위관측치를 이용하여 조석조화분해를 통해 조위 예측을 보다 정밀하게 산정하는 것이 필요하다. 연구방법으로는 낙동강 하굿둑 외해역에서 관측된 2016년, 2017년 각각 1년간 10분간격으로 관측자료의 저장상태 및 이상자료 유무를 확인하고, 조석조화분해 프로그램인 TASK2000(Tidal Analysis Software Kit) Package를 이용하여 2016년, 2017년 낙동강 하굿둑 인접 외해역에서 관측된 조위자료를 각각 조석조화분해한 결과로 관측조위와 예측조위 비교하였고, 관측조위와 예측조위를 뺀 성분인 조석잔차성분을 구했다. 조화분해결과, 낙동강 하굿둑 외해역은 일반적인 연안역의 조석과는 달리 하천수의 유출, 배수갑문의 조작, 연안사주지형에 의한 조석변형 등 매우 복잡하고 불규칙적인 특성인 기상성분(기압, 바람 등)에 의한 교란을 고려한다면 예측정확도가 상당부분 확보되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 장주기 성분과 비선형 조석성분의 크기를 비교해 볼 때 거의 편차가 없이 나타나 조석조화상수를 이용한 예보 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 조위검증은 2016년의 1년치의 조석자료를 이용하여 조화분해된 조화상수 63개를 이용하여 2017년의 조석 예보치를 산정하였으며, 이를 2017년의 낙동강 하굿둑 외해역의 조석관측치와 조석예측치를 1대 1 비교하는 방식으로 검증하였고, 이들의 상관관계를 파악하기 위하여 두 성분에 대하여 Regression Analysis를 수행하여 예측조위와 관측조위 사이에는 Pre=0.9535×Obs+0.396과 같은 관계식이 성립하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 두 성분간의 상관도는 0.9535로 높게 나타났다. 조위예측 프로그램인 TASK2000 Package 중 MARIE를 이용한 조위예측 프로그램의 신뢰도가 매우 높은 것으로 판단되고, 해당년도 조위예측 시에는 가능하면 직전년도의 1년 조석관측자료를 조화분해하고 얻어진 조화상수를 이용하여 조위예측을 실시하면 보다 정확한 자료를 얻을 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.222-232
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• 2022

In this study we investigated the characteristics of long-term tidal constituents based on 30 tidal gauge data along the coasts of Korea and its the effects on total water level (TWL) forecasts. The results show that the solar annual (Sa) and semiannual (Ssa) tides were dominant among long-term tidal constituents, and they are relatively large in western coast of Korea peninsula. To investigate the effect of long-term tidal constituents on TWL forecasts, we produced predicted tides in 2021 with and without long-term tidal constituents. The TWL forecasts with and without long-term tidal constituents are then calculated by adding surge forecasts into predicted tides. Comparing with the TWL without long-term tidal constituents, the results with long-term tidal constituents reveals small bias in summer and relatively large negative bias in winter. It is concluded that the large error found in winter generally caused by double-counting of meteorological factors in predicted tides and surge forecasts. The predicted surge for 2021 based on the harmonic analysis shows seasonality, and it reduces the large negative bias shown in winter when it subtracted from the TWL forecasts with long-term tidal constituents.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.915-928
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• 2012

Han River estuary (HRE) is located at the middle of the western coast of Korea, and tidal currents were measured at 4 stations in this estuary during the winter season, and previously observed tide data was analyzed. The results of amplitude ratio of $M_4/M_2$ showed that increasing upward to estuary in the HRE. Tide harmonic constants of relative phase $2M_2-M_4$ represent flood dominance, with under 180 degree. But this method has a limit of analysis that typically based on the non-linear distortion of the tidal current in tidal lagoon system where freshwater discharge is assumed to be relatively small. The results of statistically tidal current data indicated that ebb current velocity would be great unlike tide data. Ebb and flood duration time is calculated by slack time of tidal current showed that ebb duration time is longer than flood. The results of correlation of analysis show high value (0.9) between tidal current stations from Incheon harbor to north entrance of Yeomha channel. We reconstructed to find the reasons for the features of ebb dominance the results of harmonic analysis. As major component ($M_2$) in combination with shallow water component ($M_4$), the tidal curve was presented flood dominance that has a flood current is stronger. However, these curve were changed to ebb dominance add up the non-harmonic components that had ebb direction flow by calculated tidally averaged current. The characteristic of enhancement on ebb is showed around the Yeomha channel in the HRE, because averaged flow which acts seaward such as long-term tidal current components due to non-linear effect and freshwater which overcome the flood current.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

Statistical characteristic analysis was carried out using the non-tidal components computed by the harmonic analysis of the tidal elevation data in East coast. The tide gauging stations included in this study are the Sokcho, Mukho, Hupo, Pohang, Ulsan and Ulreungdo stations. In this study, the variance and skewness coefficient (SC) information changes, i.e., the max. value, min. value, mean and standard deviation of the variance and SC, are compared and analysed in detail by the various analysis periods increased from one year to the maximum available period. Based on the result of the statistical information (SI) range analysis, the minimum analysis period required in order to satisfy the confidence interval of the ${\pm}5%$ range of the variance and the ${\pm}0.1$ range of the SC is suggested as the 12 years, except the Ulreungdo stations. The auto-correlation and spectral density change patterns show the very similar shapes in every stations even though the absolute values are a little bit different each other.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

The mass transport is very complicated at the area which has the macro tide and complex geometry such as Gyeonggi bay. Especially, the long period current has a strong influence on the estuarine ecosystem and the long-term distribution of substances. The long period current is caused by several external forcing, whose unique characteristic varies spatially and temporally. The variation characteristics of long period current is analysed and its generation mechanism is studied. The tidal nonlinear constituents such as overtide and compound tide are generated due to nonlinear interaction and it causes mean sea level setup. The tidal wave propagating up into estuary is transformed rapidly by decrease of cross-sectional area and depth. Therefore the mean sea level is getting rise toward upriver. The high and low tide level is similar between down-river(Incheon) and up-river(Ganghwa) during neap tide when the tidal deformation is decreased. The tidal phase difference between two tidal stations causes a periodic fluctuation of sea level difference. The low water level of Ganghwa station during spring tide does not descend under EL(-)2.5 m, but the low water level of Incheon fall down under EL(-)4.0 m. The variation of tidal range and its sea level are increased during spring tide. It is found that the long period current $M_{sf}$ is quite similar to that of sea level difference between the two tidal stations. It means that the sea surface inclination caused by the spatial difference of tidal deformation is important forcing for the generation of long period current.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-81
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the tide-induced flow patterns near the ocean outfall of the Jeju and Bomok Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) in Jeju Island by using measurements of Acoustic Doppler Current Meter (ADCP) and a numerical experiment with inserting passive tracer into a regional ocean model. In late spring of 2018, the ADCP measurements showed that tidal currents dominate the flow patterns as compared to the non-tidal components in the outfall regions. According to harmonic analysis, the dominant type of tides is mixed of diurnal and semi-diurnal but predominantly semidiurnal, showing stronger oscillations in the Jeju WTP than those in the Bomok WTP. The tidal currents oscillate parallel to the isobath in both regions, but the rotating direction is different each other: an anti-clockwise direction in the Jeju WTP and a clockwise in the Bomok WTP. Of particular interest is the finding that the residual current mainly flows toward the coastline across the isobath, especially at the outfall of the Bomok WTP. Our model successfully captures the features of tidal currents observed near the outfall in both regions and indicates possibly high persistent pollutant accumulation along the coasts of Bomok.