• Title/Summary/Keyword: 비전공

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초임 중등 과학교사의 교수활동에서 나타나는 과학 내용에 대한 질적 연구

  • An, Yu-Min;Choe, Seung-Eon;Kim, Chan-Jong
    • 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.09a
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    • pp.269-275
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    • 2005
  • 중등 교육의 질을 확보하기 위한 가장 핵심적인 변인은 교사이며 교사의 자질 향상과 전문성 개발은 교육에 있어 중요한 화두이다. 교사의 전문성은 무엇보다도 교사의 가르치는 능력에서 확보되어야 하며 교과 내용 지식의 확보가 이를 위한 첫걸음이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 수업과 심층면담에서 드러나는 초임 교사의 내용 지식(knowledge), 실천 행위(practice), 의미 이해 전략(sense-making strategy)을 분석하여 교사의 과학 내용에 대한 전문성을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 수도권의 중등학교에서 근무하는 여섯 명의 중등 초임 과학교사를 대상으로 각각 두 차례의 수업 관찰과 구조화된 면담, 한 차례의 우선순위 면담을 실시하였으며, 미시건 주립대학의 Knowles팀에서 개발한 분석틀을 사용하여 질적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초임 교사들은 그들이 지향하는 교사상에 따라 과학 교수 활동에 대해 다양한 의도를 가지고 있었으며 비전공 교과의 과학 내용 지식에 대해서는 다소 어려움을 표현하고 있었다. 둘째, 연구에 참여한 교사들은 대체로 교과서에 의존하여 교육과정에서 제시한 내용과 교과서에 제시된 지도 방법에 크게 의존하여 수업을 진행하고 있었으며 교과서 수준의 개념을 중심으로 나열하는 방식을 주로 사용하였다. 다만, 교사가 스스로 재구성한 내용을 바탕으로 자신의 내러티브로 이끌어가려는 시도가 드러나기도 하였다. 셋째, 학생들의 내용 이해를 돕기 위하여 중요한 과학적 개념을 강조하고 그러한 개념을 반복하는 전략을 주로 사용하였다. 그러나 일부 초임 교사의 사례에서는 적절한 비유와 예시를 도입하려는 시도가 발견되기도 하였다. 한편, 연구에 참여한 초임 교사들은 모두 전문성 개발을 위한 노력이 필요하다고 인식하였으며 교사 양성 과정에서 교직과 관련하여 실제적인 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램 개발의 필요성을 주장하였다.주로 나타났으며 우리나라 교육과정수업에서는 DC-DP DP-AD맥락의 반성적 탐구가 나타났다. 정리활동에서 우리나라 교육과정은 반성적 교육과정보다 자료 맥락의 영역개념을 더 자주 이용하고 다양한 맥락의 반성적 탐구가 나오고 있으며, 이는 우리나라 교육과정의 학습지의 활동이나 문제는 학생들에게 익숙하고, 자료 패턴을 가지고 행동결정으로 연결짓는 활동이 명확히 제시되었기 때문이라고 판단된다. 두 그룹의 상호작용 특징에 따른 반성적 탐구의 성향의 차이는 도입단계에서 그룹의 특징과 상관없이 A-AD, AD-SR맥락의 반성적 탐구가 나왔으며 전개와 정리단계에서는 N그룹에서는 DP와 관련된 의미 있는 반성적 탐구가 나오는 반면 M그룹에서는 이러한 맥락의 반성적 탐구는 아주 드물게 나타나며, GN과 관련된 행동결정이 자주 보이고 있었다. 정리활동시 주로 하는 기록 활동에서 N그룹에서는 다양한 맥락에서 반성적 탐구를 하고 있는 것에 비해 비교 그룹에서는 서로 견제하고 확인하는 상호작용의 특징에서 나타나는 AD-SR맥락의 반성적 탐구가 자주 나타났다. 반성적 탐구 척도 두 그룹을 비교 했을 때 CON 상호작용의 특징이 낮게 나타나는 N그룹이 양적으로 그리고 내용적으로 더 의미 있는 반성적 탐구를 했다용을 지원하는 홈페이지를 만들어 자료 제공 사이트에 대한 메타 자료를 데이터베이스화했으며 이를 통해 학생들이 원하는 실시간 자료를 검색하여 찾을 수 있고 홈페이지를 방분했을 때 이해하기 어려운 그래프나 각 홈페이지가 제공하는 자료들에 대한 처리 방법을 도움말로 제공받을 수 있게 했다. 실시간 자료들을 이용한 학습은 학생들의 학습 의욕과 탐구 능력을 향상시켰으며 컴퓨터 활용 능력과 외국어 자료 활용 능력을 향상 시키는데도 도움을 주었다.지역산업 발전을 위한 기술역량이 강화될 것이다.정 ${\rightarrow}$ 분배 ${\rightarrow}$ 최대다수의 최

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Job Selection, Separation, and Wage Level of SME Workers: based on a Follow-up Survey on Recent College Graduates (중소기업 취업자의 직장선택과 이동 그리고 임금 수준 분석)

  • Park, Jae-Min
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.10 no.9
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    • pp.387-398
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    • 2010
  • Recently SMEs(small and medium enterprises) in Korea have experienced severe labor shortages. In particular, college graduates avoiding SMEs are widely spotted. According to previous studies, the main causes of the evasion by college graduates are the inferior working environment and low wages. Some studies also state that SME workers experience discrimination. However, most studies have focused only on unemployment issues of the young graduates. In this research, the results of follow-up surveys on the employment status and job conditions of recent college graduates was linked as a panel data, and the performance of the graduates was analyzed. Based on the analysis, we found college graduates who are employed SMEs are likely to have their initial career fixed to the SMEs. Second, the job separation records of the young SME workers does not show positive labor market performances such as upward movements or wage increases, and the process itself turned out to be entailed frequent separation. Third, the inferior wage level at SMEs and the fact that this effect is cumulatively amplified has been a key factor for evading SMEs. Thus, it is difficult to say that the early-stage careers in SMEs are constructive in future career development. On the contrary, the early careers at SMEs result in lower labor market outcomes, and frequent job separation.

Precise Rectification of Misaligned Stereo Images for 3D Image Generation (입체영상 제작을 위한 비정렬 스테레오 영상의 정밀편위수정)

  • Kim, Jae-In;Kim, Tae-Jung
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.411-421
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    • 2012
  • The stagnant growth in 3D market due to 3D movie contents shortage is encouraging development of techniques for production cost reduction. Elimination of vertical disparity generated during image acquisition requires heaviest time and effort in the whole stereoscopic film-making process. This matter is directly related to competitiveness in the market and is being dealt with as a very important task. The removal of vertical disparity, i.e. image rectification has been treated for a long time in the photogrammetry field. While computer vision methods are focused on fast processing and automation, photogrammetry methods on accuracy and precision. However, photogrammetric approaches have not been tried for the 3D film-making. In this paper, proposed is a photogrammetry-based rectification algorithm that enable to eliminate the vertical disparity precisely by reconstruction of geometric relationship at the time of shooting. Evaluation of proposed algorithm was carried out by comparing the performance with two existing computer vision algorithms. The epipolar constraint satisfaction, epipolar line accuracy and vertical disparity of result images were tested. As a result, the proposed algorithm showed excellent performance than the other algorithms in term of accuracy and precision, and also revealed robustness about position error of tie-points.

A Comparative Study on the Dietary Attitudes, Dietary Behaviors and Diet Qualities of Food and Nutrition Major and Non-major Female University Students (식품영양 전공 및 비전공 여대생의 식태도, 식행동 및 영양평가에 관한 비교 연구)

  • 장경자;정선희;권우정
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.293-303
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to compare dietary attitudes, dietary behaviors and diet qualities of Food and Nutrition major and non-major female student at a university located in Inchon. The subjects included 74 female Food and Nutrition and majors and 45 non-Food and Nutrition major female university students. This cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by a SPSS 10.0 program. The nutrient intake data collected from Three-day recalls were analysed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program and then the diet quality was estimated using the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), the Nutrient Adequacy patio (NAR) and the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). There was no significant difference in dietary behaviors between Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. However, most of the female university students had poor eating habits, such as overeating, unbalanced meals, and skipping of meals. In particular, more than 50% of the female university students skipped breakfast. As for weighing themselves once a week, changing dietary lifestyles, calculating food calories and having interest in information on nutrition on health, the ratio of Food and Nutrition majors was significantly higher as compared to that of the non-majors. There was a significant difference in food consumption frequency except for mick and milk products, and iron-rich foods between the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. However, there was a significant difference in the frequency scores of iron-rich floods between the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors. The MAR of Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors were 0.80$\pm$0.13, 0.79$\pm$0.13, respectively. However, in the Food and Nutrition majors and non-majors, the NARs of calcium were 0.61$\pm$0.21 and 0.59 $\pm$ 0.20, and that of iron were 0.61$\pm$0.21 and 0.59$\pm$0.16, respectively, which was extremely low when compared to that of the other nutrients. This result was similar to that of the INQ. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary if female university students are to practice optimal nutrition, including well-balanced diets and eating foods of high nutritional quality.

Geochemical Analysis and Fates of Pathogenic Indicating Bacteria on Seawater Intrusion in a Sand Box Model (인공 대수층내에서 발생하는 해수침투의 지화학적 분석 및 병원성 지표 미생물의 사멸 특성)

  • Lee, So-Jung;Park, Hun-Ju;Sung, Eun-Hae;So, Myung-Ho;Kim, Chang-Gyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.385-392
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    • 2008
  • In this study, seawater intrusion was assessed employing a kind of biological parameters such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis while lab-prepared reclaimed water was recharged to prevent seawater intrusion. Chemical factors indicating seawater intrusion such as Cl$^-$, Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$ and specific conductivity were also simultaneously investigated where an ion exchange between a matrix in artificial aquifer and cations in solution was estimated. Both Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were shown to be very sensitive against degree of salinity during saline water intrusion. Enterococcus faecalis more strongly resisted against salinity than that of Escherichia coli. The ratio of Enterococcus faecalis divided by E. coli in the process of seawater intrusion increased up to more than 50$\sim$100 times in 18 hours whereas E. coli was died off more than 90% during pumping and recharge rate kept at 10 mL/min. However, when the rates of both recharge and pumping was kept at 5 mL/min, Enterococcus faecalis / Escherichia coli was sustained in the range of 2.5$\sim$5.0, while Escherichia coli showed dimished death rate. Chemical factors such as Cl$^-$, Ca$^{2+}$, Mg$^{2+}$ and specific conductivity showed more than 0.9 of high correlation each other well explaining the degree of seawater intrusion. The degree of ion exchange between artificial aquifer and saline water can be efficiently interpreted by both minus $\Delta$Na, $\Delta$Mg variation and positive $\Delta$Ca variation.

Optician Training System at a Professional School Education and Improvement Plan of Curriculum in the Department of Optical Science (전문대학 안경사 양성제도 및 안경광학과 교육과정 개선방안)

  • Song, Yang Joo
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.111-126
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    • 1997
  • I concluded as follows after analyzing the problem of the curriculum in the Department of Optical Science at a college of professional education for the purpose of training desireable opticians. The years required for competing a course of study at the Department of Optical Science at a college of professonal education have to be extended from the present two school years to three years for the short run and have to be extended to four years for the long run. The distribution ratio of subjects in the slate examination should be readjusted and the field of contect lens. Also the system of the slate examination should strengthen by adding practical processing test with the present selective written examination. The Curriculum of department of Optical Science curriculum at a college of professional education should be reorganized reinforce experiment and practice, namely, the subject for experiment and practice, such as Making of specific glasses and Test method of phorpter etc, should be reinforced. The knowledge for goods should be included in clinical training and it is reasonable to constitute the theory vs the practice in the ratio of five to five. The number of the Department of Optical Science should be increased two or more for per forty students and it is desirabled that only the professors who major optical Science or opthalmic medical science, or have Optician Licence should give lecture. The experiment a practice should be enlarged and it is necessary to secure or to adopt practice hours, practice site, machinery and parts, practice assistant and etc. It is reasonable that clinical training include the knowledge of goods, business practice and etc. and that a practice examiner has the qualification as an optician who has education background higher that the college of professional education.

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Stereo Vision-Based Obstacle Detection and Vehicle Verification Methods Using U-Disparity Map and Bird's-Eye View Mapping (U-시차맵과 조감도를 이용한 스테레오 비전 기반의 장애물체 검출 및 차량 검증 방법)

  • Lee, Chung-Hee;Lim, Young-Chul;Kwon, Soon;Lee, Jong-Hun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.86-96
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we propose stereo vision-based obstacle detection and vehicle verification methods using U-disparity map and bird's-eye view mapping. First, we extract a road feature using maximum frequent values in each row and column. And we extract obstacle areas on the road using the extracted road feature. To extract obstacle areas exactly we utilize U-disparity map. We can extract obstacle areas exactly on the U-disparity map using threshold value which consists of disparity value and camera parameter. But there are still multiple obstacles in the extracted obstacle areas. Thus, we perform another processing, namely segmentation. We convert the extracted obstacle areas into a bird's-eye view using camera modeling and parameters. We can segment obstacle areas on the bird's-eye view robustly because obstacles are represented on it according to ranges. Finally, we verify the obstacles whether those are vehicles or not using various vehicle features, namely road contacting, constant horizontal length, aspect ratio and texture information. We conduct experiments to prove the performance of our proposed algorithms in real traffic situations.

An Analysis of Systems Thinking Revealed in Middle School Astronomy Classes: The Case of Science Teachers' Teaching Practices for the Unit of Stars and Universe (중학교 과학 천문 수업에서 나타나는 시스템 사고 분석: 별과 우주 단원에 대한 과학 교사의 교수 실행 사례)

  • Oh, Hyunseok;Lee, Kiyoung;Park, Young-Shin;Maeng, Seungho;Lee, Jeong-A
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.591-608
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    • 2015
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze system thinking revealed in science teachers' teaching practices of middle school astronomy classes. Astronomy lessons were video-taped from four eighth grade science teachers. The video recordings were all transcribed and analyzed by employing a framework for systems thinking analysis after modifying an existing frame of hierarchial structure used in relevant previous studies. In addition, four participants were interviewed in order to uncover their orientation toward teaching using video stimulated recall method. Findings are as follows: All participating teachers were not able to employ the four levels of system thinking appropriately and only utilized the low level of systems thinking. They also demonstrated teacher-centered practices for employing system thinking despite their student-centered orientation toward teaching. The main reason for these results may be that teachers focused more on spatial thinking, than on system thinking as well as the lack of teacher's knowledge about the content and formative assessment of non-earth science teachers. Implications on how to effectively employ the system thinking in astronomy class are discussed in this paper.

Stereo Vision Based 3D Input Device (스테레오 비전을 기반으로 한 3차원 입력 장치)

  • Yoon, Sang-Min;Kim, Ig-Jae;Ahn, Sang-Chul;Ko, Han-Seok;Kim, Hyoung-Gon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.39 no.4
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    • pp.429-441
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    • 2002
  • This paper concerns extracting 3D motion information from a 3D input device in real time focused to enabling effective human-computer interaction. In particular, we develop a novel algorithm for extracting 6 degrees-of-freedom motion information from a 3D input device by employing an epipolar geometry of stereo camera, color, motion, and structure information, free from requiring the aid of camera calibration object. To extract 3D motion, we first determine the epipolar geometry of stereo camera by computing the perspective projection matrix and perspective distortion matrix. We then incorporate the proposed Motion Adaptive Weighted Unmatched Pixel Count algorithm performing color transformation, unmatched pixel counting, discrete Kalman filtering, and principal component analysis. The extracted 3D motion information can be applied to controlling virtual objects or aiding the navigation device that controls the viewpoint of a user in virtual reality setting. Since the stereo vision-based 3D input device is wireless, it provides users with a means for more natural and efficient interface, thus effectively realizing a feeling of immersion.

Satisfaction about Internet Shopping Mall and Purchasing Intention of Fashion Goods - Difference of Department of Fashion Design and Non Fashion Design - (인터넷쇼핑몰에 대(對)한 만족도(滿足度)와 의류제품구매의도(衣類製品購買意圖)의 차이(差異) - 의상전공(衣裳專攻)과 비전공(非專攻) 대학생(大學生)의 비교(比較) -)

  • Park, Hea-Ryung;Kim, Si-Wuel
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.19-34
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the general characteristics of subjects, the utilizing realities and the degree of satisfaction in the shopping mall and purchasing intention between group I that specializes in fashion design and group II that doesn't specialize in it. The results are summarized as the following six aspects. First, as a result of the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, the most different variables were the visiting frequency and the goods purchasing frequency. The result indicated that group II took more interests than group I. Second, as a result of the degree of satisfaction according to the factors of the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities in the shopping mall, both group I and group II showed high degree of satisfaction in factor 1 (variety of event) whereas both groups showed relatively low degree of satisfaction in factor 3 (variety of goods). Third, as a result of the degree of satisfaction according to the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, group I showed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction according to a monthly allowance of pocket money and goods purchasing frequency and group II showed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction according to grade, the utilizing reason, goods purchasing frequency. Fourth, as a result of purchasing intention of fashion goods according to the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, group I showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods in group that the terms of payment was on-line payment than group that they was credit card. On the other hand, group II showed a significant difference in grade, which showed that group that was above third grade had the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than group that was under third grade. Fifth, as a result of purchasing intention of fashion goods according to the degree of satisfaction, group I showed significant differences in factor 1 and factor 3 among the degree of satisfaction. In other words, group that had high degree of satisfaction in factor 1 showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups and group that had medium degree of satisfaction in factor 3 showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups. In group II, on the other hands, group that had high total degree of satisfaction showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups. Sixth, as a result of relative influencing power of independent variable with respect to purchasing intention of fashion goods in group I, the higher degree of satisfaction in factor 1 and the lower degree of satisfaction in factor 3 showed, the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods showed. As a result of relative influencing power of independent variable in group II, however, the higher grade and the higher degree of satisfaction in factor 1 showed, the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods showed.

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