• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this prospective, case-controlled study was to assess the difference of the amount of tongue coating between halitosis and non-halitosis patients using a digital tongue diagnosis system (DTDS). Methods: Sixty-five patients complaining of oral malodor were recruited for the study. The level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) in the oral cavity of the patients was measured by a portable gas chromatography. All patients were then divided into two groups, the halitosis group ($H_2S{\geq}1.5ng$/10ml, or $CH_3SH{\geq}0.5ng$/10ml) and the non-halitosis group ($H_2S$<1.5ng/10ml and $CH_3SH$<0.5ng/10ml), according to the VSC level criteria published by Tonzetich. Tongue images of the two groups were acquired and analyzed by DTDS, followed by the analysis of the tongue coating scores. Results: The tongue coating scores of the halitosis group were significantly higher than of the non-halitosis group (P=0.033). Furthermore, the difference of the posterior tongue coating between the two groups was more significant (P=0.000). Conclusions: Halitosis patients were shown to have a thicker tongue coating than those in the non-halitosis group. Moreover, the posterior dorsum of the tongue should be observed more cautiously when dealing with halitosis patients. Also, the progress and state of the patient's symptom of halitosis as diagnosed objectively by the portable gas chromatography could also possibly be analyzed instead by the DTDS tongue coating score.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2015

The objective of this study was comparison of seed yields according to different seeding rates, seeding time and application of chemical fertilizations in Yanji region of China. The experiment was conducted on commercial farmland at Yanji region in 2013. All the experimental fields were designed following randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plant spacing was applied as $65{\times}1cm$ distance. To check the effect of seeding rate, two different seeding rate, 0.2 kg/0.1ha and 0.5 kg/0.1ha were applied. The higher seed yield was observed in low seeding rate (0.2 kg/0.1ha). The application of fertilizer (mixture of N and P) showed different results following different experimental fields. However, there were little positive effects following fertilizer application into commercial farmland. When we compare seed yields between two different seeding dates, $4^{th}$ May and $29^{th}$ May, the earlier seeding date ($4^{th}$ May) showed higher seed yields. In considering these results, low seeding rate and early seeding time is important for getting high camelina seed yields.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.292-300
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the factor of phytotoxicity for herbicides(bensulfuron methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, dimepiperate, molinate) on flood direct-seeded rice. The phytotoxicity of herbicides was evaluated under controlled environment condition. Bensulfuron methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl reduced more rice growth, especially root growth on low temperature(20/$11^{\circ}C$) than high temperature(30/$22^{\circ}C$) cultivations. The phytotoxicity of bensulfuron methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl were increased relatively by non-nutrient and nutrient solution. cultivation, respectively. The rice applied bensulfuron methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl with pH 3.5, 5.5, 7.5 and 9.5 solution became low growth rate on low pH of pH 3.5 and 5.5 solution cultivation. Bensulfuron methyl application with pH 5.5 and pH 7.5 solution, and pyrazosulfuronethyl application with pH 7.5 and 9.5 solution reduced rice growth inhibition. The root growth of rice seeded in 6cm depth of water solution applied herbicides was suppressed by bensulftuon methyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, the growth of shoot was suppressed heavily by dimepiperate and molinate, in particular dimepiperate suppressed about the growth of 90%. The phytotoxicity of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl became high on light clay soil of non-fertilizer condition and sand loam soil of fertilizer condition, bensulfuron methyl became high on sand loam soil.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of fertilizer application and seasonal changes on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites communis Trinius) on the reclaimed tidal flate in Chonnam province. The samples of reed were taken at about 30-days interval from May to October, 1982 and evaluated plant height, blade & sheath-stem ratio, grass yield, the feed compositions and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD). The results are summarized as follows: 1. Plant height, grass yield, crude protein content and in vitro dry matter digestibility of the reed were significantly increased by fertilizer application, and ADF content was significantly decreased. 2. According to the significance test of coefficience, there was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between in vitro dry matter digestibility and plant height, grass yield, and the content of crude fiber and ADF, but a positive correlation (P<0.05) between in vitro dry matter digestibility and blade & sheath-stem ratio, and the content of crude protein and crude fat.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 1989

This study was aimed to find out the influence of long-term fertilization for 21 years on soil enzyme activities in the silty clay loam textured normal paddy soil. Total urease activity (TUA) and the microbial urease activity (MUA) were shown to be changed significantly, but the accumulated urease activity (AUA) was similar within trial plots. Especially the MUA of the plots annually applied N.P.K. fertilizers with compost and N.P.K. fertilizers with silicate fertilizer were the highest among plots. The total L-glutaminase activity (TGA) and the accumulated L-glutaminase activity(AGA) were changed significantly among trial plots, but the microbial L-glutaminase activity (MGA) was not. By the simple correlation analysis, it was shown that the TGA and the AGA correlated highly significant to available phosphorus available $SiO_2$ content and pH. Addition of the toluene to the incubation mixture did not markedly affect the activity of phosphatase, but the difference of phosphatase activity among plots was significant. By the simple correlation analysis, it was shown that the phosphatase activity ; correlated highly significant to pH, available $SiO_2$, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium in soils.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 1974

In order to investigate the effect of split application of silicate fertilizers on the rice plant, this studies, designed with two kinds of silicate material, wollastonite and high concentrated fused silicate material, and 4 types of application dates on the pot experiment without chemical control against diseases, have conducted the silica analysis of rice plant and diseased rates of plant during the all growing stages. The silica contents in rice plant with basal application were increased most highly compared with the split applications during the all growing stage, but they were all much the same between the basal and split application at the harvest. High concentrated fused silicate material was more useful to increase the silica content in rice plant than wollastonite and effect of split application of silica was dominant with this fused silicate material. The diseased leaf area by rice blast was decreased from the 50% of uncontrolled plot to 20~40% by the split application with wollastonite and to 5~15% with high concentrated fused silicate material. Also percents of deseased panicles were decreased to 20% with wollastonite and to 10% with high concentrated fused silicate material.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.311-315
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• 2001

In order to improve a soil test-based fertilization model for nitrogen, the Mitscherlich-Baule-Spillman equation modified by Bray and his coworkers was introduced and tested for its possibility of application. The coefficients $C_1$ and $C_2$ in the equation A were calculated by applying 10 pot experimental results done by the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Technology. Then, a regression(B) between C_1 and x, the fertilizer level was estimated. log(Ymax-Y) = logYmax-$C_1x-C_2b$ (A) where Ymax : maximum yield. Y : yield without or with a limited amount of fertilizer applied, x : application level of fertilizer, b : content of a nutrient in soil, $C_1$ and $C_2$ : coefficients of x and b, respectively. log(0.05)=$-C_1x-C_2b$ (B) Fertilizer requirement calculated by the equation B was significantly correlated with the real level of fertilizer applied for 95 percentage of the maximum yield. A more extensive and precise study on $C_1$ and $C_2$ in the equation A in expected to improve significantly the fitness of soil analysis to the fertilizer recommendation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1189-1193
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• 2012

The Miniaturized Fingerprint Imager (MFI) is a slim optical mouse that can be used as an input device for application to wireless portable personnel communication devices such as smartphones. In this study, we have fabricated key optical components of an MFI, including the illumination optical components and imaging lens. An LED beam-shaping lens consisting of an aspheric lens and a Fresnel facet was successfully machined using a diamond turning machine (DTM). A customized V-shaped groove for beam path banding was fabricated by the bulk micromachining of silicon that was coated with aluminum using the shadow effect in thermal evaporation. The imaging lens and arrayed multilevel Fresnel lenses were fabricated by electron beam lithography and FAB etching, respectively. The proposed optical components are extremely compact and have high optical efficiency; therefore, they are applicable to ultraslim optical systems.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the stomatal aperture of wheat variety 'Chokwang' grown in the two different nitrogen level. Stomatal aperture was measured at the maximal tillering, shooting, booting, flowering and grain filling stages. Stomatal aperture in leaf blades gradually increased in accordance with the successive leaf growth. The maximal opening of stomata was observed at flowering stage and around noon in a day, but stomata closed around six o'clock in the afternoon. Stomata opened wider in the high nitrogen application than in the low nitrogen and their effects were the highest at the booting and flowering stage. Diurnal course at stomatal aperture of upper leaves was wider than that of lower leaves regardless of growth stages. Positive correlation (r=0.66$^{**}$) appeared between nitrogen content in leaf blades and stomatal aperture. The leaves of low position and the developing leaves showed smaller stomatal aperture than the full expanded top leaves irrespective of leaf stages. Water content of leaf, root weight and root activity were increased by the nitrogen application and thus considered as factors increase the stomatal aperture.ication and thus considered as factors increase the stomatal aperture.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2016

A long-term field experiment under different fertilization treatments had been conducted to explore the effects of rice yield and soil chemical properties from 1978 to 2008 in Suwon, Korea. The paddy was applied eight fertilization treatments which were F0 (no fertilizer), PK (phosphorous and potassium), NK (nitrogen and potassium), NP (nitrogen and phosphorous), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), NPKC (NPK with compost), NPKS (NPK with straw) and NPKL (NPK with lime). Results of 31 years experiment showed that yield index (the ratio of yield in each treatment to NPK) was the lowest in F0 (0.52) and the highest in NPKC (1.18). Yield index was gradually increased in NPKC but decreased in F0 and NK. The yield index of PK, NP, NPKS and NPKL were not changed long-term treatment. Soil acidity of NPKL showed the highest with pH 7.9, and that of other treatments ranged from pH 6.3 to 6.8. Available phosphorous content of soil was increased in all plots by long-term fertilization, was the highest in PK and NPKC. Soil organic matter was higher in NPKC (1.8%) and NPKS (1.8%) than other treatments (1.3~1.4%) in the early experiment, but that was remarkably increased in only NPKC (2.5%) according to annual long-term application. Thus we suggest that annual compost application with optimum NPK could make stable and sustainable rice production.