• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.211-240
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• 2014

This is a cross-sectional study designed to analyze the correlation between the structural and social variables and the pattern of contraction and deletion of the copula verb in the speech of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) speakers in Athens in Georgia, USA using a questionnaire. The results show that the frequency of copula contraction is higher than that of deletion in all factor groups including the age of the speakers where this study found that younger speakers tend to have higher frequency of contraction and deletion of the copula than older speakers. This study analyzes this as a function of the fact that younger speakers of AAVE are conscious of the linguistic and social differences between AAVE speakers and speakers of Standard American English (SAE) and they consciously make choices regarding which norm to use at which contexts to satisfy their communicative and socio-cultural needs. This sort of conscious social behavior is not likely to disappear with age rather it might increase as a correlate of the perceived physical, socio-cultural and psychological distance between AAVE speakers and speakers of other varieties. This study shows that such perceived linguistic, socio-cultural and psychological distance has negative effects on pedagogy and I proffer the remedy.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.191-209
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• 2015

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social media has been recognized as one of the most influential marketing tools across various businesses. Understanding eWOM in social media is critical to reach potential global consumers easily and quickly in the hospitality industry. However, few empirical studies in hospitality attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of eWOM in social media from a global perspective. Given the competitive climate of the hospitality market, it is meaningful for hospitality marketers to evaluate the effectiveness of eWOM in social media and the influence of cultural factors to promote customers and increase profitability globally. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cultural values on social media eWOM in the hospitality industry in China, Korea, and the USA. The result of this study indicates Chinese and American people engage more than Korean people when they try to purchase hospitality product and service This study particularly provided a cross-cultural study of comparison among these countries and the findings of this study are expected to provide important practical assistance for global marketing strategies in social media.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.43
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• pp.139-170
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• 2016

Through the process, it is possible to understand the meanings of specific numerical symbols that are present in our daily lives, rather than regarding them as abstract symbols. The symbols can be efficiently utilized for cultural communication between Korean teachers and foreign learners, and between learners with different cultural backgrounds. A symbol that intensively shows Korean culture can be applied efficiently to cultural education. This is because Korean identity can be understood by means of symbols that represent Korean thoughts and emotions. Therefore, this study intends to examine the contents of symbol education applicable to Korean culture education, centering on numerical symbols amid far-reaching symbol systems. For this purpose, this study analyzed how the application of numerical symbols is presented in Korean textbooks, with the intent to organize the symbols into 4 categories of myth, folklore, taboo, and idiomatic expressions, which might be actually helpful for understanding Korean culture.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.79-99
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• 2003

Two investigations were carried out to understand the relationship between self-enhancement bias and psychological adjustment. In study 1, a scale for measuring the self-enhancement bias was constructed and the relationship between self-enhancement bias and psychological adjustment was examined in Korean college students. The relationship between two variables was significant in Korean college students. At study 2, college students and laborers in Korea and Germany participated to examine the relationship between two variables. It was significant both samples. This is very interesting result because it is reverse the existing outcomes that there are no self-enhancement bias and no relationship between self-enhancement and psychological adjustment in collective cultures. It is need to develop more refined measure tool and to do comparison with various cultures for more profound research on self-enhancement bias and cultural difference.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.55-83
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• 2016

To provide a set of data with which instructors may boost the sagging demand for Anglo-American poetry classes, this thesis classifies the kinds of difficulties the students face in reading English poems. Asses to the classification is an analysis on the causes of the difficulties at different levels of the reading process, from the linguistic to the cultural. Arnoldian insight argues that poetry is the best of all forms of writing. Without an ample exposure to poetry, average English majors would barely sharpen the skills that they use to deal with other kinds of writing. To help ease the continuing need for a workable teaching model in English poetry reading classes, this thesis suggests focusing on the kinds of wrong translations produced by the students. According to the theory of cultural translation, any translation, even the wrong kind, is already a product of a very complicated process of interpretation that involves many cultural factors. With the analysis of these factors discovered in Korean college English reading classes, this thesis tries to explain the mechanisms through which wrong translations are produced, since these inevitably lead to wrong interpretations of given poetic texts.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.19
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• pp.205-232
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of application of some French and German movies to teaching of multi-culture in elementary, middle and high schools. Three different films are selected. (2005), a French animation film directed by B?n?dicte Galup and Michel Ocelot, is appropriate for the education of understanding cultural relativity and improving multi-cultural sensitivity in elementary school. is a French short film directed by Walter Salles and Daniela Thomaso and included in omnibus style film (2006). This short film relating a story of an immigrated woman who leaves her baby in a cr?che and travels through Paris to work for a bourgeois mother can be used for developing a bond of sympathy between natives and immigrants. It is recommended for the class of junior high school. Finally (2007), a German film directed by Fatih Akin, provide a learning model for the education of multi-culture in high school classrooms. The cinematographic aesthetic of this film is focused on a process of reconciliation with others over the cultural, racial, national and generational differences. Analyzing the structure of the film and being guided by teachers the students can understand better in improving abilities to understand others.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.169-178
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare consumers' post acquisition behavior by analyzing the influence of familiarity of jeans, and pursued image. The data was collected by using survey, three stages of pre-tests, and main survey conducted in the U.S and Korea. A total of 520 participants from each country(260 males and 260 females) was used. The results of this study is as follows. Familiarity of jeans and pursued image of jeans wear were compared between Korean and American students. As a result, there was difference between the countries on familiarity that the U.S showed higher familiarity, frequence of wearing and owned quantity. Pursued image was consisted of unique factor and activity factor and Korean students showed higher score on pursuing individualistic image. The results of this study would provide marketing strategy for fashion marketers of global jean brands.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.271-284
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• 2008

With an assumption that the view point of a given society and time on facial attractiveness can be inferred by analyzing popular stars' faces, the cross-cultural differences in the physical measures of Korean and foreign stars were investigated. A classification model of affective facial impressions was used to obtain the physical measures of the faces and classifying them into a face-type category. The number of face images analyzed in the study were 297 in total: 94 Korean stars, and 203 foreign stars. The results show that the common characteristics found in the cross-cultural analyses of Western and Eastern stars was a sharp face.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.271-288
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• 2010

In their everyday life, people form social phenomena and relations through the shapes and habits of animals. Therefore, animals contain the idea of the way of life of certain nations, spiritual and cultural feelings, and the symbolic meaning which can be recognized between the members of the unique nation. The symbolism of animals varies depending on different nations, because the adages are the essence of the language including their culture, thought, custom, and life. Examining their own adages can be one of the ways to find out what the animals symbolize in different nations. Another reason is that they are the dictionaries, reflecting their own way of thinking and traditional values, so to speak. The research shows that, between Korean and Chinese adages, it is in a similar frequency, using materials such as mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, and insects. The adages are focused on the 12 animals which is familiar to both nations, a rat, an ox, a tiger, a rabbit, a dragon, a snake, a horse, a lamb, a monkey, a rooster, a dog and a boar. We compared the symbolism, the surface meanings in adages, and the figurative meanings of these animals in Korea and China. As a result, it is found that some are almost the same in usage. However, some are totally different such as expressions related to the animals, the cultural differences and clear understanding. It is necessary to do comparative researches in a detailed and various way by studying the issues derived from verbalism.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.32
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• pp.63-79
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• 2013

Tar Baby, Toni Morrison's fourth novel re examines the problem that black characters face in negotiatiating a place for themselves within a dominant culture, with respect to their own history and culture. The novel critiques the dominant socio economic and commodifying cultural space from which the black woman seems to have no escape. Jadine is a colonized subject, for as a fashion model she has surrendered to an aesthetics of commodification, and as a student of art history, she has internalized the capitalist ethic of the white culture industry. Though she has ensured her freedom, Morrison's critique of her separation from her family and culture is unmistakable. Interwoven with her narrative is Son's predicament, the stereotype of a black racist and her 'lover'. The novel ends with him at the crossroads of culture, yet signaling his passage to freedom through resistance. The paper arguments how Toni Morrison has envisioned the welfare of African American community by reconstructing the role of new black generation, as represented by Jadine and Son, whose new journey towards their self fulfillment just not only bring their personal freedom but also regenerates African American community by resisting dominant commodifying cultural.