• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.71-95
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• 2008

Transaction between industrial suppliers and their buyers in business markets increasingly take place in the form of long-tenn business relationships. These relationships are governed through formal or informal agreements. Dynamic business markets are also forcing B2B marketers to create flexibility in their firms. However, buyers are bound in their rationality and find it impossible to contemplate all possible future contingencies. The more formal and detailed the contracts they conclude, the likelier it becomes that at least one buyer is going to perceive a need to adjust the initial agreement as environmental events unfold. In this case, the actor relies upon industrial supplier's competence. Our study purpose is to examine the consequences of supplier's competence on the industrial customer-supplier long-tenn relationship. Antecedent variables of supplier competence include R&D, flexibility, brand asset, market sensing, and customer support service. We presented a comprehensive constructive model consisting of components of supplier's competence and the antecedent factors. Research hypotheses were developed and data were gathered from respondents who work in the cosmetics industry. The results discussed here represent a first step towards a better understanding of the role of supplier competence in the B-to-B cosmetics industry. Managerial implications and the limitations of this research were also discussed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.193-212
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• 2011

Mobile instant messaging service is surfacing to an important keyword in the mobile market together with popularization of Smart phones. Mobile instant messaging service in Korea has become popular to the degree of 87.9% usages from total Smartphone holders, and it is expected that using populations will be more enlarged afterwards if considering a fact that its populations of Smartphone is continuously being increased after exceeding 10 million persons (Trend Monitor, June 2011). In the instant messaging market where competitions have been deepened day by day, raising customer's royalties will be the key for company's business survivals and goals of corporate marketing strategies. It could be said that understanding on which factors affect to customer retentions and royalties is very important. Specially, as changing status is being progressed very quickly in case of innovative mobile services like the instant messaging service, research necessities on how many do consumers use the services after accepting them, how much do consumers use them variously, and whether does it connect to long-term relations have been increased, but studies on such matters are in insufficient situations actually. Therefore, this study examined on which effects were affected to use-diffusion and loyalty factors from perceived customer vales' factors having been occurred after accepting the mobile instant messaging service, namely 'functional value', 'monetary value', 'emotional value', and 'social value'. Also, the study looked into what kind of roles do the service usage and using variety play to service's continued using intents as a loyalty index, recommending intents to others, and brand switching intents. And then the study laid the main purpose in trying to provide implications for enhancing customer securities and royalties on the mobile instant messaging service through research's results. The research hypotheses are as follows; H1: Perceived values will affect influences to royalties. H2: Use-Diffusion will affect influences to loyalty. H3: Perceived value will affect influences to loyalty. H4: The use-diffusion will play intermediating roles between perceived values and loyalty. Total 276 cases among collected 284 ones were used for the statistical analysis by SPSS ver. 15 package. Reliability, Factor analysis, regression were done. As the result of research, 'monetary value' and 'emotional value' affected to 'usage' among perceived value factors, and 'emotional value' was appeared as affecting the largest influence. Besides, the usage affected to constant-using intents and recommending intents to others, and using varieties were displayed as affecting to recommending intents to others. On the other hand, 'Using' and 'Using diversity' were appeared as not affecting to 'brand switching intentions'. Meanwhile, as the result of recognizing about effects of perceived values on the loyalty, it was appeared such like 'continued using intents' affected to'functional value', 'monetary value', and 'social value' first, and also 'monetary value', 'emotional value', and 'social value' affected to 'recommending intents to others'. On the other hand, it was shown such like only 'social value' affected influences to 'brand switching intents', and thus contrary results with the factor 'constant-using intents' were displayed. So, it seems that there are many applications to service provides who are worrying about marketing strategies for making consumer retains (constant-using) and new consumer's inductions (brand-switching intents). Finally, as a result of looking into intermediating roles of the use-diffusion factor in relations between conceived values and royalties at hypothesis 4, 'using' and 'using diversity' were displayed as affecting significant influences all together. Regarding to research result's implications, for expanding and promoting continued uses of the mobile instant messaging service by service providers: First, encouraging recognitions on the perceived value connected to users' service usage are necessary. Second, setting up user's use-diffusion strategies are required so as to enhance the loyalty after understanding a fact that use-diffusion patterns affecting to the service's loyalty are different. Finally, methods of raising customer loyalties and making constant relationships have to be grouped by analyzing on what are the customer value's factors that can satisfy users in competitive alterations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2005

This survey was conducted to assess the consumer perceptions of food-related hazard in 500 housewives from all over Korea. The subjects were selected by stratified random sampling method. The survey was performed using structured questionnaire through telephone interview by skilled interviewers. The results showed that 34.6% of the respondents felt secure and were not concerned about food safety, and 65.4% were concerned about food safety. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increasing concern on food brands, food additives (such as food preservatives and artificial color), and imported foodstuffs indicated the current increasing concern on food safety. Other related factors indicating the increasing concern on food safety were education level and care for children's health. The respondents who cared about food safety expressed a high degree of concern on processed foodstuffs such as commercial boxed lunch (93.3%), imported foods (92.7%), fastfoods (89.9%), processed meat products (88.7%), dining out (85.6%), cannery and frozen foods (83.5%), and instant foods (82.0%). The lowest degree of concern was on rice. All the respondents perceived that residues of chemical substances such as pesticides and food additives, and endocrine disrupters were the most potential food risk factors, followed by food-borne pathogens, and GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms). However, these results were not consistent with scientific judgment. Therefore, more education and information were needed for consumers' awareness of facts and myths about food safety. In addition, the results showed that consumers put lower trust in food products information such as food labels, cultivation methods (organic or not), quality labels, and the place of origin. Nevertheless, the respondents expressed their desire to overcome alienation, and recognized the importance of knowing of the origin or the producers of food. They identified that people who need to take extreme precautions on food contamination were the producers, government officials, food companies, consumers, the consumer's association, and marketers, arranged in the order of highest to lowest. They also believed that the production stage of agriculture was the most important step for improving the level of food safety Therefore, the results indicated that there is a need to introduce safety systems in the production of agricultural products, as follows: Good Agricultural Practice (GAP), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), and Traceability System (75).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.666-677
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• 2016

This study analyzes determinants of strategic marketing alliances' performance using 'continuous use intention' of consumers in the Korean credit card industry. Specifically, this study aims to provide comprehensive and synthetic understanding of these factors divided into firm- level and consumer- level variables. Thirty alliance cards were chosen randomly. For firm- level data, managers from the thirty selected cards were interviewed concerning their respective firm and alliance operation. For collection of consumer- level data, 610 card holders from these thirty cards were surveyed concerning card benefits, benefits information, brand image, and continuous use intention. The hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze this multi-level data, yielding the following results: First, consumers identified three factors that positively influence continuous use intention. Second, with respect to firmlevel factors, alliance partner's marketing capability is not positively related to intention, whereas fit of alliance goal influences consumer's continuous use of card. Third, contrary to expectation, the positive interaction effects between consumer level variables and firm level variables were found to be not present.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.15
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• pp.219-262
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• 2007

Business organization have developed in close association with the society afterward. Moreover, under capitalism business archives, though they are created in private sector, have started to have public characteristics and be used in public domain beyond internal use in business organization. Records and Archives management at a corporate level increasingly become indispensible. Business organization can use archive management to improve job efficiency and customer service and to facilitate legal matters, marketing, advertising, property management, personnel management and publicity. Additionally, They can secure corporate identity and social reliability as well as transparency in management. This is turn helps secure corporate competitiveness to play as a medium for creating new profit, which will enhance corporate brands. The records and Archives management, which recently kicks off among business organization, are to collect scattered archives and seek systemic management through archives management systems. This study present ways to collect archives scattered before archives management systems were adopted according to archives management. As a prior investigation, the scope and characteristics of business archives are defined. Visit to business organization to collect data and interview with officials responsible were carried out as a preliminary investigation to conduce acquisition policy. Based on the results of the investigation, acquisition policy of Meritz was conducted. into internal and external collection activities, event collection activities. Value appraisal and display appraisal of archives were established as a appraisal policy for efficient management and utilization of collected business archives. This study takes the case of Metitz Fire & Marine Insurance Co, Ltd (Meritz) as a example to present ways to manage business archives specifically.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-172
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• 2008

Products can maintain a high level of market share for many years by succeeding early in the development of a market. To overcome the benefit of pioneering a market, late entrants to the market can use differentiation strategies: developing novel attributes or enhancing preexisted attributes. In general, preexisted attributes are more memorable, but novel attributes can be weighted as heavily as preexisted attributes by contextual constraints. Based on the research of appraisal-congruent judgement, certainty appraisal dimension may affect the degree to which people engage in systematic or heuristic processing. This study examines the effects of alignability (the ease with which the attributes of one object can be aligned or mapped onto another object) of product attributes and certainty on consumer preferences for late entrants. Participants were induced to experience certainty and then completed a questionnaire. As predicted, participants induced certainty were likely to engage in heuristic processing, while participants induced uncertainty were likely to engage in systematic processing. This study provides an implication that companies should additionally consider consumers' feeling of certainty when launching a new brand.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

This study aims to propose practical strategies for the new urban ideal of regeneration. A book review highlights the emergence of new trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society beyond the new town Ideal of the industrial society. The meaning of ‘landscape’ in landscape urbanism represents not the visual and decorative pictures, but the dynamic process in the context of changes and evolutions. Also, knowledge-information industrial society and landscape have a meaning in the same context of flow and process with changes of velocity. Finally, these key words convey a meaning with the new urban trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society in the context of value-oriented characteristics of dynamics and process. Urban regeneration is emerging as the new urban ideal in the knowledge-information industrial society, beyond the new town ideal of industrial society. It is in the same context as landscape urbanism with respect to green infrastructure buildings and designs for the transformation of urban surfaces covered with concrete and asphalt into the ecological surface, and of the ecological surfaces into the cultural surface that could be communicated with human beings. This research revealed the six strategies for urban regeneration as follows. The First, the strategies for the transformation of urban surfaces into ecological surfaces, the second, the strategies for the transformation of ecological surfaces into cultural surfaces, the third, the introduction of mixed and convergence land use, the forth, the transformation of former sites(e.g. military and factory) into urban parks, the fifth, the introduction of waterfront park zones that have the function of ecological and park-oriented mixed land use and, the sixth, the building and design of green infrastructure in the residential and commercial complex in CBD. These strategies call for the reforms of development laws and regulations to restrict building coverage ratio, building heights, and the introduction of park-oriented mixed zoning regulations. Another method for implementating the above listed strategies was the introduction of a strategic planning system instead of the traditional master plan system. This system uses a value planning approach and brand making by imagery. It is able to construct the meaning of an image and its creativeness directly.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.279-288
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• 2004

Corporate design activities have expanded from being exclusive and passive responsibilities to active participation in planning, marketing, technology and corporate brand image differentiation for successful business. Thus the communications between designers and other functions come to include critical decision making, information sharing, and objective reasoning. Given that design activities now have to involve various functions in product development, the styling-related design process, which is still developed by designer's intuition and experience, poses as an obstacle not just between various functions involved, but even within the design function. To overcome this obstacle and to lead more effective design decision process, a means for product form development assessment and management is necessary. This research proposes a foundation for managing and assessing product form based on the hypothesis and demonstration of discovering a system of formative factor and order a product form expresses that can be shared as an objective and logical system. As a result of this demonstration, the form as a unique visual expression and the factors related to the form and its co-relationship are examined. The factors are called formative parameters and the system is named as the product form alignment method. Based on the logic derived from the system, the process for developing an image that aligns with the predefined goal is explained. The method defines a balance between a designer's intuitive creativity and the extracted logic, which can act as a basis for designers to share design language among themselves and for communication between design and other functions. Based on this system, designers are able to align design work with the set goal, and focus and limit the range of form development, which is anticipated to result in lead-time reduction and minimizing unnecessary obstacles and mistakes.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.219-243
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• 2004

Generally, electricity market has monopoly market structure because of need of enormous investment for infrastructure. However, the introduction of competition in network industry as electricity is a tendency of the world with decreasing the effects of economy of scale due to the advancement of technology. Now, electricity industry restructuring is in progress but the competition in electricity retail market is not in force yet in Korea. Whether a effective competition exist or not is very important to policy decision maker who drive restructuring, but there are small numbers of quantitative researches on that. In this study, we estimated the effectiveness of competition in the electricity retail market through switching costs. If switching costs are high, consumers actually can be locked in incumbent firm in spite of introduction of competition. Therefore switching is a critical factor to determine effectiveness of competition and to estimate the size of switching costs quantitatively can proffer the information about whether the competition in the electricity retail market is effective or not in the future. We estimated switching costs using consumer' stated-preference data by conjoint analysis. In according to estimation results, the cost of switching process is not so high, but the relative brand loyalty of an incumbent company is significantly high. And the price is considered as the most important factor choosing an electric service commodity. Based on the empirical results, it is possible to analyze the relationship between suppliers' competitiveness resulted from management efficiency and customers' switching possibilities. The paper therefore provides guidance for suppliers in deciding to enter into retail competition and for policy makers in introducing retail competition. And it has a significance of estimating the switching costs directly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.869-878
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of risks among South Korean female college students within the process of purchasing apparel products through the Internet. The study was implemented by descriptive survey method using questionnaire and subjects consisted of 324 South Korean female college students. Findings of the study showed that the purchasing process particularly regarding delivery and security issues seemed to be a strong concern. On the other hand, unique selection such as apparel brands only available through the Internet was a strong appeal to 37.7% of subjects. Factor analysis profiled risk perception as: 1) Internet Shopping Selection Preference, 2) Delivery Problems and Lack of Security 3) Product Quality and Characteristics 4) Return Policy Difficulties and 5) Fair Prices. Discriminant analysis showed Factors 1, 2 and 3 were significant in helping to differentiate among Non-Purchasers, Fewer-purchasers and Many-Purchasers. Factor 1 and 3 helped differentiate among respondents relative to age range. Across all types of purchasers, offering unique selections of cutting edge fashions and improving risk perception relative to delivery and security concerns seemed important for gaining greater market share. Being able to delivery quality products and communicate product characteristics would be a powerful competitive edge to add to the incentive of convenience in shopping for apparel on the Internet.