• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

This study is of investigation of refraction error, spectacles and contact lenses wearing state, visual acuity test, ophthalmologic common sense and vision care, using questionnaire study for 850 male and female high school students in Kunsan and Chongup City, Cheolla North Province. The results are as follows: 1. Among the 823 answerers, emmetropia is 18%, myopia is 55.1%, and hyperopia is 7%, respectively. 2. Among the 837 answerers, 381 students(45.5%) wear spectacles or contact lenses. Among the 381 students who wear spectacles or contact lenses, 78% wear only spectacles, 4% wear only contact lenses and 18% wears spectacles sometimes or contact lenses sometimes. 3. The places where the answerers had visual acuity test to wear spectacles or contact lenses are optical shop(64.7%), hospital(28.3%), unchecked(4.2%) and the others(2.7%). The places where the answerers had visual acuity test to change their spectacles or contact lenses are optical shop(82%), hospital(28.3%), unchecked(6.6%) and the others(1.9%). 4. As for the period of visual acuity test, from 6 months to one year is 54.1%, within 6 months is 9.2%, from one year to two years is 29.5%, and more than two years is 7.2%. 5. The contact lens wearers purchased their contact lenses at optical shops(94%) and at hospital(6%). 6. The reasons why they like wearing contact lenses are their appearance(51.2%), convenience in physical excercise(23.l%), lighter weight than spectacles(9.8%) and the others(15.7%). 7. As for the spectacles frame they like, plastic frame is 24.4%, gold or silver plated frame is 43.4%, coloured frame is 32.1%. 8. As for the considerations in choosing spectacles frame, their design is 37%, their quality is 36%, their price is 14.7% and their brand is 12.5%. 9. As for the period for changing spectacles, 10.5% is within 6 months, 57.3% is 6months to 1 year, 22.4% is 1 year to 2 months and 9.6% is more than 2 years. 10. There is a false fact, in Korea, that even though one has his poor eyesight, not wearing custom is helpful for the eyesight recovery. As for their conviction of the false fact, 10.5% of the answerers have 100% conviction, 22.5% of them have 22.5% conviction, 49.5% of them have 50% conviction and 17.5% of them don't have any conviction. 11. 48.5% of the answerers are interested in their vision care while 51.5% of them are not interested at all. As for the way of vision care, the vision-care way to keep enough distant when they are watching TV, when they are using computers and when they are reading, is 49% while the vision-care way such as hypogastric breathing or eye massage is 11%. And alimentotherapy is 4% and the rest who are not interested in vision care is 36%. 12. When they come to an age, the students who want vision correction operation are 45.9% while the students who do not want it are 27%. The students who do not have any idea about the operation are 27.1%

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.3 s.93
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• pp.396-401
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics of Jeung-Pyun with added tapioca flour. With increasing tapioca flour content, the moisture content of the product was decreased. The addition of tapioca flour increased the volume and symmetry compared to the control with no tapioca flour. The highest uniformity was shown by the 10% added group, but the differences were not significant. In the Hunter's value, the lightness of the control was higher than that of the group with added tapioca flour. Whereas the reverse was the case for the yellowness. With increasing tapioca flour content, the springiness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and chewiness of Jeung-Pyun were increased, and the hardness increased. In sensory evaluation cell uniformity and chewiness were the highest in the 20% added group. The hardness of the sense examination increasing with increasing tapioca floor content. The overall quality of Jeung-Pyun was the lowest in the 30% added group.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.220-228
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• 2010

This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of an unused tunnel as a rice storage place. The physicochemical changes of rice grains were investigated during 8-months of storage in the tunnel located at Kyungnam province, Korea. Two kinds of tunnel stored rices, NP(rice grown with no pesticides) and LP(rice grown with less pesticides) were compared with $5^{\circ}C$ stored rice as a control. The peroxidase activities, as an index of freshness of rice grains, gradually decreased and NP appeared to be fresher than LP. Whiteness, grain wholeness, and chalkyness were less desirable for the tunnel stored rice than the control, with no significant difference of physicochemical properties, including the broken, damaged, colored rice, and contents of moisture, protein, and amylose. Palatability dropped below 70 in all three groups at later phase. The sensory evaluation showed that overall preference was slightly higher for the control but not significantly different from the other two groups. From all the evidences shown, unused tunnels may be an effective place for a long-term rice storage, since the average temperature inside the tunnel was maintained very constantly around $14.3^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity was optimal for rice storage, especially during spring and summer seasons.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.308-313
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• 2008

This study was carried out to analysis the factor effected by milling rice rate, and to provide the developing rice varieties and cultivation technology. Panicle numbers per spike of Ilpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo were 105 and 70, respectively. The primary branch panicle rate was Ilpumbyeo 56.2% and Chucheongbyeo 61.4%. The secondary panicle rate of Ilpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo was 43.3% and 37.9%, respectively. Grain filling rate using specific gravity showed that Ilpumbyeo was the lower filling rate than Chucheongbyeo. Hull weight per one grain was Ilpumbyeo 41.9 mg and Chucheongbyeo 3.92 mg, and hull weight per rough rice 1 kg was Ilpumbyeo 157.36 g and Chucheongbyeo 151.31 g. In milling rate, brown rice ratio by ripening degree of llpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo with combine harvest was 81.22% and 82.52%. Milled/brown rice ration of llpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo showed 92.14% and 92.51%. The milling recovery ratio of llpumbyeo was decreased 1.67% then Chucheongbyeo, and the difference was mainly due to the hull weight (0.61%), milled/brown rice ratio (0.37%) and ripening degree (0.69%). Although the varietal differences were found in hull weight and millied/brown rice ratio between llpumbyeo and Chucheongbyeo, the ripening degree was considered as the factor that could be reduced by cultivation technology and post-harvest management.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2019

According to the National Statistical Office, the number of senior citizens aged 65 or over has exceeded 7 million as of 2017, and the number of senior citizens who live alone among them exceeded 1.3 million. Most of the senior citizens who live alone suffer from absolute poverty (68.5% of them has monthly income less than 500,000 won) and they have difficulties for basic living in the blind spot of our society. In particular, the heating is quite a serious issue for the senior citizens who live alone and belong to vulnerable social group in the winter, and to make it worse, they are exposed to frequent fire accidents due to the negligence in handling electric appliances such as electric heaters and electric pads. The main reason the indoor tent products are being used by senior citizens who live alone is that it saves energy, ensures warm sleep, and improves fire safety. Following the expansion of the indoor tent market, this study focused on the idea that there is a need for an in door tent suitable for senior citizens who live alone and belong to low income bracket and intended to improve its efficiency in relation to use, resting, and storage. For this, a basic survey was conducted on the products of existing brands to analyze advantages and disadvantages and it was possible to understand the demands that consumers have for existing products. Accordingly, a survey on consumer preference was conducted using a designed model and the Zabara typp, which demonstrated the best efficiency in terms of installation convenience, space usability, and appearance design was selected. Based on the results of selection, the product design and final prototype were completed. The results and details of the study are as follows; First, factors that were not recognized in product development phase could be identified through usability survey and interview with actual users. Second, for the effective aspect of the prototype, senior citizens could install and fold the tend more easily and quickly than expected. Based on these results of this study, it is expected that not only senior citizens who live alone but also various other users can use the tent to create another comfortable private space indoors.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.323-334
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• 1996

Male Mongolian gerbils $(60{\sim}80g)$ were given DL-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; 250mg/kg, ip) and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG; 50 mg/k, ip), respectively, 1 h prior to transient (7 min) occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (OBC7) and a daily dose of one of them for 6 days after recirculation, and the polyamine contents, activities of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases (ODC and SAM-DC), and light microscopic findings of the hippocampus were evaluated. The hippocampal putrescine (PT) levels of the control gerbils treated with saline (STGr), markedly increased after OBC7, showing a peak level at 24 h after recirculation. The peak PT level was reduced in DFMO treated gerbils (DTCr) and in MGBG treated gerbils (MTGr). And 7 days after recirculation, the PT level of DTGr was decreased to about 75% of the PT level in the sham operated group (nonTGr) and to about 55% of the STGr level, respectively. The hippocampal spermidine (SD) level of STGr tended to decline, showing the lowest value at 8 h after recirculation. But the spermidine (SD) level of DTGr was somewhat higher at 8 h after OBC7 than those of STGr and MTGr The hippocampal spermine (SM) levels of all the experimental groups were little changed for 7 days after OBC. OBC7 markedly increased the hippocampal ODC activity. reaching a maximum (about 3 times higher than preischemic level) at 8 h and rapidly recovered to the control value by 24 h in STGr gerbils, and the OBC7-induced increase of ODC activity was significantly attenuated by DFMO or MGBG treatment. Whereas OBC7 induced a rapid decrease of the hippocampal SAMDC activity follwed by gradual recovery to the preischemic level, and the decrease of the SAMDC activity was slightly attenuated by DFMO or MGBG treatment. 7 Days after OBC7 the histological finding of the hippocampal complex stained with cresyl violet showed an extensive delayed neuronal damage in the CA1 region and to a lesser extent, in the dentate gyrus, sparing the CA3 region. And the neuronal death was aggevated by DFMO but significantly attenuated by MGBG. The immunochemical reactivity of hippocampus to anti-GFAP antibody was significantly increased in the CA1 region and to a lesser extent, in the dentate gyrus 7 days after OBC7, but was little changed in the CA3. And the increase of the anti-GFAP immunoreactivity was moderately enhanced by DFMO and significantly suppressed by MGBG. These results suggest that the polyamine metabolism may play a modulatory role in the ischemic brain damage.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.145-176
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• 2016

This paper aims to define the leadership of Gunja (君子, translated into prince, gentleman, or ideal man) based on Confucian Classics which offer the general values and norms of individuals' virtue and social virtuous acts. Thus, humanitarianism is regarded as true value, and the values of a virtuous person who properly practices social human relationships are discussed. The real worth of Gunja image is discussed as a true human image of "self-completion and completion of all things" (成己成物) which involves the convergence of truth, good and beauty where there is a sense of harmony and balance, where there is stern self discipline and self cultivation and where win-win values of human relationships are created. Confucian saint (聖人), wise man (賢人), great man (大人), and gentleman (君子) mean social leaders. They practice human morals, enlighten and beautify society with teachings, and are indicated as equipped with mental and material harmony, good character and competence, and economic power and morality. People today pursue their own personal growth according to their material preferences rather than pure intellectual cultural values, and are engrossed in visually beautiful external unlimited competition. In this digital age, we are supposed to demonstrate our individuality, but many people are obsessed with appearance, go on severe diet, and lose their health beauty, and consequently suffer mental stress. This trend fuels obsession with appearance and the sick practice of valuing appearance. As an alternative method to overcome this phenomenon, we need a leader image with the convergence of truth, good and beauty, which is characterized by internal self cultivation, external professionalism, and handsome and solid character. Confucian thoughts consist in practicing the Way of disciplining oneself for governing others (修己治人). Self discipline involves developing personal virtuous ability for cultivating a virtuous character, and governing others involves interacting to work together in society and to have right human relationships. Thus, leaders should impress not only themselves but also others. Self discipline for governing others means cultivating virtue for oneself and leading others. A true leader has self introspection and establishes himself through self discipline so that he can govern others or reach the realm of settling others where people live together. As all things have a value and a virtue, humans endeavor to cultivate character and virtue by learning and studying for securing their professionalism, reliability, character and ability, so as to create their own brand value. Personal character does not come from a high position, wealth and power. Character is a personal virtue, and is cultivated as immaculate and fresh through self discipline. As such, it well matches with a clean and clear spirit. This offers the ideal leader as the Guja image who has an extremely humane character, as well as being equipped with inherent virtues of intellect, benevolence and courage. Self development can foster virtue and self management through self leadership and self discipline. The leader in the relationship area can practice his virtue through virtuous acts, in other words, even think from another person's perspective. Such leader is mentioned as the principle of measuring square in the Great Learning. In our viewpoint, the beauty of character can breed the seed of virtue through intellect, benevolence and courage, the beauty of win-win can realize the right virtue by showing exemplary acts to others through considerateness, and the beauty of harmony can love and care for others like me through the principle of measuring square, thereby realizing the universal principle of virtue and harmony, which is like my mind. As such, the ideal leader, when his virtue and mind of being considerate of others all blending well, can exercise his ability to the full, can live together and coexist with many people, and can grow again into a triumphant relationship.