• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.905-905
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• 2012

현재 도시유역의 홍수피해를 경감시키기 위한 방안으로 우수유출 저감시설에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 그러나 침투형 우수유출 저감시설의 경우 침투량 산정에 필요한 여러 인자 중 토성에 의해 저감 능력에 많은 차이를 보이고 있으며, 강우시 침투로 인한 토양내 함수비의 변화와 선행강우 조건 등에 의해 정량적인 분석이 어려워 활용도가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2009년 국립방재연구원에서 시행한 침투실험 자료의 조건과 동일하게 투수계수 및 형상이 다른 두 종류의 투수성 보도블록 A, B와 토양내 선행강우의 유무에 대하여 표 1과 같이 검증 케이스로 구분하고, 4 가지의 강우강도로 모의 조건을 설정한 후 불포화 투수층의 침투해석을 실시하고 실험결과를 이용하여 모의결과에 대한 검증을 시행하였으며, 모의 결과의 검증을 뒷받침하기 위하여 통계적인 적합도를 나타내는 평균제곱오차(RMSE), 평균편차비율(PBIAS), 모형 효율성 계수(NSE), 지속성 모형효율성 계수(PME)을 산정해 보았다. 검증 결과 그림 1과 같이 투수성 보도블록 B의 형태가 투수성 보도블록 A의 형태보다 적합도가 높게 나타났고, 50mm/hr의 강우강도에서 변동성이 크게 나타났으나, 50mm/hr를 제외한 나머지 강우조건에서 양호한 적합도를 보였으며, 선행강우가 있는 조건이 선행강우가 없는 조건에 비해 높은 적합도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2007

This study is focused on the proper mixture design of materials for the porous concrete with unsaturated polyester resin. The materials used in the mixture include the single-grade aggregates, unsaturated polyester resin as binder, and calcium carbonate as a filler. An experimental procedure has been carried out to select the best combination of the materials that satisfy both the required permeability and compressive strength. Various kinds of gravel size, the ratio of binder, and F/B ratios are tried to get proper mixture, and the permeability coefficient and compressive strength have been measured to find out the best combination of materials based on the proper Korean Standards. A promix design satisfied the standards of rainfall runoff reduction system with $3.5{\times}10^{-1}$ (cm/sec) of permeability, 34 % of porosity, 11 MPa of compressive strength can be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Tests for transient water release and imbibitions measurement were conducted to estimate the unsaturated hydraulic conductivities by using back analysis. By using transient hydraulic characteristics, both the soil water retention curve and hydraulic conductivity fuction can be evaluated effectively and accurately. In this study the experiment for three samples were conducted accurately to measure the change of water content with time for various steps of matric suction. The back analysis calculated the amount of transient flow reliably in comparison with the experimental results. In the soil water retention curve there was no significant difference between the result of back analysis and that of experiment. The hydraulic conductivity function from back analysis was compared with the theoretical relation based on retention curve but they showed much difference. However, the unsaturated hydraulic behavior obtained by the combination of experimental and analytical techniques are considered to agree with the actual behavior.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

The physical properties and unsaturated characteristics of acid sulfate soils were investigated and analyzed. As the results of measuring physical properties of the acid sulfate soils obtained around the Ilkwang mine area, the dry unit weight is $1.246t/m^3$ and this soil is classified into the silty sand (SM) by USCS. Soil Water Characteristics Curves (SWCC) of the drying and wetting paths were measured by the automated SWCC apparatus. Also, Hydraulic Conductivity Functions (HCF) of the drying and wetting paths were estimated by the van Geunchten (1980) model which is the most well-known parameter estimation method. The hydraulic conductivity of acid sulfate soils in the dry path was continuously decreased with increasing the matric suction. However, the hydraulic conductivity in the wetting path was decreased relatively small with increasing matric suction and decreased suddenly just before water entry value of matric suction. Meanwhile, the hysteresis phenomenon was occurred in SWCCs and HCFs during the drying and wetting paths.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1D
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• pp.83-90
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• 2011

A need still exists that the unsaturated condition is to be considered when evaluating the infiltration and drainage capacity for compacted geomaterials in road foundation or embankments. For this reason, numerical analysis were used to analyze the time-dependent unsaturated infiltration and drainage condition depending on various geomaterial types. Therefore, laboratory data from the soil-water characteristic curve tests on geomaterials were adopted from previous studies. In addition, the unsaturated permeability was estimated using SWCC. Then the infiltration and drainage performance of unsaturated compacted soils were evaluated under various conditions based on the proposed method. The results demonstrated that the effect of initial suction and SWCC path on each material could be substantial and the proper application on analysis is very important to enhance the prediction on each capacity.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.577-585
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• 2020

Purpose: The presence of the matric suction in unsaturated soil increases the stability of the slope, but the reduction of the matric suction due to precipitation can cause sudden slope failure, resulting in a major disaster. In this paper, engineering characteristics in unsaturated state were analyzed for granite weathering soil, which is the representative mountain soil of Korea. Method: Experiments and analysis were conducted on granulated weathering soil as unsaturated shear strength relationships for moisture characteristic curves, unsaturated injection curves, and matric suction under unsaturated conditions. Result: It was analyzed that a rapid change in the matric suction for volumetric water content occurs compared to the case where the particle size distribution is poor and the particle size distribution is good. A good case for the particle size distribution indicates a relatively small permeability coefficient at the same matric suction capacity compared to a poor case. The greater thematric suction, the greater the shear strength. Conclusion: For Korea's representative soil, granulated weathering soil, the functional characteristic curves, unsaturated permeability coefficients, unsaturated shear strength, etc., which are engineering characteristics in unsaturated state, were tested to secure each correlation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.387-391
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• 2011

국내에서 사면 붕괴의 직접적인 원인은 강우에 의한 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 강우침투에 따른 지하수위 상승과 간극수압 증가, 강우강도 크기에 직접적으로 영향을 받는 지표면 유출로 인한 사면의 표면토사 유출 및 얕은 사면붕괴로 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 강우로 인한 지반내 침투로 불포화토가 포화토로 변화는 과정에서 침투능을 산정하고자 기존의 침투공식을 검토하고 TDR 센서를 이용한 실내실험을 통한 침투능 산정공식을 제시하였다. 제시한 침투능 산정공식을 검증하기 위한 침투실험을 수행하여 결과를 비교 분석하였으며, 이론적 해석 및 실내실험에 의한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 포화도 변화에 따른 TDR데이터 변화는 일정했으며 이를 회귀분석을 통하여 함수화하였고, 이 함수를 이용하여 지반의 포화도 및 함수비를 파악할 수 있었다. 둘째, 흡인수두항과 중력수두항이 결합된 연속적인 침투능 산정공식을 새로이 유도하였으며, 이를 이용한 결과와 TDR 센서를 이용한 실험결과와 거의 유사함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.69-78
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• 2012

Conventional numerical analysis for rainfall-induced slope stability has been estimated by separating seepage and stress-strain behavior, respectively. Many researchers' models from commercial softwares and literatures define that partially saturated permeability is the only function of degree of saturation (or matrix suction) and then they do not consider hydraulic-mechanical characteristics for the analysis. However, in practice, the water flow processes in a deformable soil are influenced by soil skeleton movement and the pore water pressure changed due to seepage will lead to changes in stress and to deformation of a soil. The relationship between seepage and soil behavior causes a change of partially saturated permeability as well as saturated permeability with the lapse of time. Instability of partially saturated soil slopes due to infiltration would be analyzed from reduction of negative pore water pressure calculating the process of water flow based on predicted partially saturated permeability. Therefore, partially saturated permeability should be defined by the function of degree of saturation (or matric suction) and porosity. The paper presents the comparison between staggered and monolithic coupled analysis regarding seepage and stress deformation problems. As a result, the decrease in matric suction on soil slope from monolithic analysis is slower than that from staggered analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.59-64
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• 2005

In studying unsaturated soil mechanics, determination of soil water characteristic curve and permeability equation though not easy, is an essential factor. In this research a new testing apparatus was developed to determine soil water characteristic curve and permeability equation. A test to get saturated permeability coefficients and soil water characteristic curves for two soils was performed by using the developed testing apparatus. First, a saturated permeability test was performed and then the test to get soil water characteristic curve of a drying process was performed. Next, the test to get soil water characteristic curve of a wetting process was performed. Test results showed hysteresis phenomena between soil water characteristic curve of a drying process and soil water characteristic curve of a wetting process. The permeability equations were determined by a theoretical method where a saturated permeability coefficient and a soil water characteristic curve were used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.773-778
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• 2002

강우시 불포화 자연사면의 파괴메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 사면내 모관흡수력의 변화를 고려한 안정해석을 수행하였다. 사면에는 강우계, Tensiometer, Pizometer, Water mock, 경사계 등이 설치되었으며 강우시 사면내 부간극수압과 임시지하수위의 거동을 관찰하였다. 실내실험으로부터 불포화 사면의 안정해석을 위하여 입력 값으로 사용되는 불포화투수계수, 불포화강도정수를 시료의 No.200체 통과량과 건조밀도를 기준으로 경험계수를 이용하여 추정 사용하였다. 강우의 침투로 인한 사면내 부간극수압의 분포는 계측값과 수치해석결과가 차이를 보였으며 이는 불포화 흐름시 흙속의 공기의 영향, 강우의 나무와 수풀에 의한 중간차단효과 및 증발의 영향을 해석에 고려하지 못했기 때문으로 사료된다. 사면안정해석결과 강우초기 모관흡수력을 고려하는 경우 약 10%의 안전율의 증가를 나타냈으며, 침투가 진행되면서 그 차이는 좁아져 임시지하수위가 표층까지 도달했을 때 흡수력을 고려하지 않는 해석과 안전율은 일치하였다.