• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.350-364
• /
• 1999

The distribution of mast cells and nerves were investigated in the submandibular and sublingual glands of postnatal rats, using morphometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Mast cells were observed in the submandibular and sublingual glands of postnatal development. Number of mast cells gradually increased in both glands following development. At birth, mast cells were relatively fewer in submandibular gland than those in sublingual gland, and they were mainly distributed in parenchymal tissues. At $2{\sim}4$ weeks, most of the mast cells were observed in the connective tissues, surrounding neurovascular elements, but some mast cells were closely related with the acini of submandibular gland. PGP 9.5 immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the submandibular and sublingual glands of all developmental age. The nerve fibers were showed in varicose shape, and mainly located in adjacent area of ducts and vascular components of both glands. The number of nerve fibers were increased rapidly until 8 weeks, but they were not increased any more until 24 weeks. Therefore, it is suggested that mast cells and nerve fibers related with each other, and that their interactions may play roles not only in maturation of secretory units but also growth and differentiation of the tubular structures of the rat submandibular and sublingual glands during postnatal development.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.48 no.8
• /
• pp.886-893
• /
• 2005

Purpose : Kawasaki disease is the most common cause of systemic vasculitis in children less than 5 years of age. Recent immunohistochemistry findings suggest that many vascular growth factors play a role in the formation of the coronary artery lesions. Active remodeling of the coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease continues in the form of intimal proliferation and neoangiogenesis for several years after the onset of the disease. Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) and corticosteroid have been used in the treatment of Kawasaki disease but the exact mechanism is not clear. We have investigated that IVIG and corticosteroid inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-induced tube formation of endothelial cells in vitro on Matrigel assay. Methods : Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) were cultured and seeded on Matrigel coated 24 well plates in medium with or without the following agents : VEGF, VEGF plus IVIG, VEGF plus VEGF antibody, VEGF plus methylprednisolone, VEGF, IVIG plus methylprednisolone for 18 hours. The total length of tube structures in each photograph was quantified. Results : IVIG significantly inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs. The inhibitory effect of IVIG was also reversible. In the meantime, VEGF induced the differentiation of HUVECs into capillary like structures on Matrigel, which was inhibited by VEGF antibody in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, IVIG and methylprednisolone inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation of HUVECs. IVIG was more effective in inhibition than methylprednisolone alone. Conclusion : We revealed that VEGF induced the differentiation of HUVECs and this effect was inhibited by IVIG and methylprednisolone.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Thyroid cancer patients may experience emotional distress during cancer treatment including surgical operation and radioactive iodine treatment. The aims of this prospective study were to investigate changes of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer(DTC) under preoperative, postoperative and short-term hypothyroidism state. Methods : Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale(HAD) and the Distress Thermometer, we sequentially assessed the levels of anxiety, depression and distress in 41 DTC patients at 3 time points such as preoperative state, postoperative state and short-term hypothyroidism state. Results : The HAD-anxiety score was significantly higher in preoperative state($6.93{\pm}3.97$) than postoperative state($4.22{\pm}2.92$) and short-term hypothyroidism state($4.93{\pm}3.64$). Any other significant change in depression or distress thermometer score was not observed. Especially, difference of HADS score between the distress and none-distress groups was significant in preoperative state and post-operative state, but the difference become not significant in the short-term hypothyroidism state. Conclusions : Induced thyroid hormone deficiency during cancer treatment does not significantly affect emotional distress in patient with DTC. Anxiety and depression in these patients may be associated with distress of the patient before active cancer treatment.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.321-343
• /
• 2018

This paper aims to apply the convergence theory into the minimum income guarantee which forms the moral foundation of the welfare state. The research question of this paper is if the level of minimum income guarantee among EU member states (EU-15) gradually converging into a certain level. For this purpose, Chapter 2 describes the convergence and diversion of welfare states since the Second World War, and chapter 3 explains the historical development of the EU social policies since the Rome Treaty (1957). Chapter 4, which is the main body of this paper, analyzes if the level of minimum income guarantees of EU member states is converging by the coefficient of variation analysis and regression analysis. However, converging trend of the level of basic income guarantee among EU member states has not been proved. In other words, social policy arena still remains strongly in the realm of national sovereign states, irrespective of growing pressure from the supra-national governing body like the EU. It is in line with the Abram de Swaan's argument that "welfare states is nation states" (1994: 110).

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
• /
• no.32
• /
• pp.525-547
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study starts searching a new method for preservation, succession, and research of folksongs in the situation that the function and transmission of folksongs are transformed or disappear by being behind modernization. Also, trying to develop a new method of study of folksongs along with a new view of them, I put fusion in the heart of the study. Fusion means a structural change in the middle of the process of combination from more than two things. Moreover, in order to practice the fusion method of study consilience in a view of study is necessary. The interdisciplinary study beings in accepting differences between academics as long as the differences have a meaningful value disassemble and differentiation are repeated. That is, fusion means rebirth through disassemble. According to this logic, we need to disassemble the folksongs for fusion study of folksongs, research the structure and component of folksongs in a new view and understand each part of the wholeness of folksongs. On top of that, we need to try combine the parts with anything else or interpret them with consilience. In this study, I researched the previous example in the fusion or integration of folksongs and Korean classic poetry in the time of enlightenment of Korea. In addition, I studied the way of fusion folksongs as culturology, bio-sociology, and sympathy. Looking back folksongs in a variety of view, we can realize folksongs are disassembled or differentiated at the same time they reborn and are interpreted in a new view.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2008

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether multipotent germline stem cells (MGSCs) can be established from neonatal mouse testis. Methods: Various cells containing MGSCs were collected from neonatal testis of ICR mice and allocated to plates for in vitro culture. After 7 days in culture, the cells were passed to a fresh culture plate and continuously cultured. From the third or fourth passage, the presumed MGSCs were cultured and maintained on mitomycin C-inactivated STO feeder cells. The MGSCs were cultured in a condition where mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are cultured. Characteristics of the MGSCs were evaluated by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase activity, karyotyping, and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Two MGSCs lines were established from 9 pooled sets of neonatal testicular cells. MGSCs colonies were morphologically undistinguishable from ESCs colonies and both MGSC lines as well as ESCs expressed undifferentiated stem cell markers, such as Thy-1, Oct-4, Nanog, Sox2 and alkaline phosphatase. Fine structure of undifferentiated MGSCs were similar to those of ESCs and 60% of MGSCs (12/20) had normal karyotype at passage 10. They were able to form embryoid bodies (EBs) and MGSC-derived EBs expressed marker genes of three germ layers. Conclusion: We could establish the MGSCs from neonatal mouse testis and they were differentiated to multipotent lineages of three germ layers. Molecular characteristics of MGSCs were similar to those of ESCs. Our results suggest a possibility that multipotent stem cells derived from testis, the MGSCs, could replace the ESCs in biotechnology and regenerative medicine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.49 no.10
• /
• pp.1100-1105
• /
• 2006

Purpose : Because NELL2 expression is strictly restricted only in neurons in developing and post-differentiated neural tissues, it is thought to be involved in the neuronal differentiation during development and in the maintenance of neuronal physiology in the post-differentiated neurons. In this study, we examined whether NELL2 is involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in the hippocampal neuroprogenitor HiB5 cells. Methods : Effects of NELL2 on the cultured HiB5 cell numbers, DNA fragmentation, and proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle were measured. Results : NELL2 induced a decrease in cell numbers and an increase in G1 phase arrest. Moreover, transfection of NELL2 resulted in an increase of DNA fragmentation that shows an evidence of apoptosis. Contents of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle were also changed by transfection of NELL2 expression vectors. Conclusion : This study suggests that NELL2 plays an important role in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis of neurons.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.616-631
• /
• 2007

Residential differentiation is an academic theme which has been given enormous attention in urban studies. This is due to the fact that residential segregation can be seen as one of the best indicators for socio-spatial dialectics occurring on urban space. Measuring how one population group is differentiated from the other group in terms of residential space has been a focal point in the residential segregation studies. The index of dissimilarity has been the most extensively used one. Despite its popularity, however, it has been accused of inability to capture the degree of spatial clustering that unevenly distributed population groups usually display. Further, the spatial indices of segregation which have been introduced to edify the problems of the index of dissimilarity also have some drawbacks: significance testing methods have never been provided; recent advances in spatial statistics have not been extensively exploited. Thus, the main purpose of the research is to devise a spatial separation measure which is expected to gauge not only how unevenly two population groups are distributed over urban space, but also how much the uneven distributions are spatially clustered (spatial dependence). The main results are as follows. First, a new measure is developed by integrating spatial association measures and spatial chi-square statistics. A significance testing method based on the generalized randomization test is also provided. Second, a case study of residential differentiation among groups by educational attainment in major Korean metropolitan cities clearly shows the applicability of the analytical framework presented in the paper.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.480-492
• /
• 1997

In order to understand the processes involved in the petrogenesis and the differentiation of the primary magma spectrum, a petrological and geochemical properties were investigated for the Chonju and the Sunchang foliated granites, which are located in the southwestern part of the Okchon zone and extends up to the northwestern boundary of the Ryongnam massif as two subparallel batholiths. Major element analyses show that the Chonju and Sunchang foliated granites are classified petrologically into a weakly to strongly peraluminous or calc-alkaline, but do not fit neatly into either of the I/S-type or magnetite/ilmenite-series classification schemes for granites, although the I-type and magnetite-series characteristics seem to be predominant based on the major element chemistry. In normative compositions, the Chonju granite is petrographically evolved from granodiorite to granite, whereas the Sunchang granite is from granodiorite to quartz monzodiorite. It seems to suggest a difference of the magmatic evolution processes such as crustal assimilation and/or fractional crystallization in magma. The REE patterns of both batholiths show high similarity and strongly fractionated REE distributions which show high $(Ce/Yb)_N$ ratios and little or no Eu anomalies. These REE patterns correspond broadly to those seen in the pre-Cretaceous granitoids of Korea. Apparently, the evidences obtained from the bulk compositions strongly suggest that the two foliated granitoids were formed by partial meltings of a relatively restricted and similar, may be common, source material which contains a continental crust component having an igneous composition, and have undergone a similar magmatic differentiation processes.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.47-78
• /
• 2001

The primary purpose of this paper is to critically examine the theoretical and methodological issues in the study of generations. The issues include: 1) the concept of generation: 2) the basis of generational formation: 3) internal differentiation of generations: 4) the boundary problems of generations: 4) the boundary problems of generations: and 5) generational differences and generational conflict. From the investigation of these issues, two conclusions are drawn. Firstly, Mannheim's basic concepts and theoretical frameworks are very useful to understand and explain the social movements and sociocultural changes. Secondly, however, further elaboration and modification of the several concepts and frameworks are needed to deal with the problems of generations in general which are not directly connected to social movements. Several points are suggested to elaborate Mannheim's frameworks, which include the reconceptualization of generation, and introducing the concepts of “generation sects” and “manifest-latent generational conflicts”.