• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

In Korean high yielding varieties developed by crosses between indica and japonica rice, the most limiting factor for yield may be attributed to the less number of the tillers in the unit area. The goals of this study is to find out the effect of the temperature factors as well as cultural practices on the development and increase of tillers of Dasanbyeo, the high yielding indica crossed japonica cultivar. The effect of temperature was examined under controlled phytotron condition with 6 levels of temperature, 15, 17, 19, 22, 24 and 26$^{\circ}C$, respectively, For the experiment, the leading japonica variety in Korea, Hwaseongbyeo, was used for the check cultivar for the comparison with Dasanbyeo. The high temperature also accelerated the initiation and termination of tiller development. The cultivar difference in the speed of tiller development was observed, for example, more rapid development of tiller in Dasanbyeo than in Hwaseongbyeo was observed at the high temperature range of 24-26$^{\circ}C$, while the vice versa phenomena was observed at lower temperature range of 17-22$^{\circ}C$. The first secondary tiller of Dasanbyeo was observed on the 16, 17, 23, 27 and 38 days after transplanting (DAT) at 26$^{\circ}C$, 24$^{\circ}C$, 22$^{\circ}C$, 19$^{\circ}C$, and 17$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Those of Hwaseongbyeo was 19-22, and 26 DAT at 19-26$^{\circ}C$ and 17$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The last effective tiller of Dasanbyeo was observed on 27-33 DAT for the primary tiller, 20-41 DAT for the secondary tiller. Those of Hwaseongbyeo were 23-40 DAT for primary tiller, and 24-40 DAT for the secondary tiller, and 24-40 DAT for the secondary tiller.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1986

The growth, development, and morphological characteristics of Echinochtoa colons (L.) Link were determined through one life cycle. E. colons emerged 2 to 3 days after seeding (DAS) and reached the two leaf stage by 8 DAS. During the early growth stages, root length was greater than plant height, but the relationship was reversed from 4 weeks after seeding (WAS). Tillering started from the third leaf of the main culm as the sixth leaf on the main calm emerged. The unfolding of the leaves and tillering followed a regular pattern during the vegetative growth period. This resulted in the production of 19 tillers (5 primary, 12 secondary, 1 tertiary, and I nodal) at the 14-leaf stage. Shoot-root weight ratio was highest just before panicle initiation. The second spike from the top of the panicle was the shortest and produced the fewest seeds. Thereafter, spike length and the number of seeds per spike generally increased, the lower the position of the spike on the panicle. Seeds on the lower spikes weighed less and had lower germination ability than those from the upper spikes. Adventitious roots arose from the leaf sheath bases of a flowering stalk. The ability to produce adventitious roots was greater in a younger stalls than in an older stalk.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.131-137
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• 1996

The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of sulfur dioxide on the growth and yield reduction of 8 Korean barley cultivars. To achieve these, barley seeds were planted in pots, then those were exposed to 1.0 ppm $SO_2$ for 6 h in a closed-top field chamber at tillering and heading stage. Foliar injury and reduction of culm and awn length were more severe when barley cultivars were exposed to $SO_2$ at tillering stage than those at heading stage. Durubori was most susceptible to $SO_2$ among cultivars tested. However, number of node and length of spike were not affeced by $SO_2$ exposure in ail cultivars. Number of spike, and grains, and weights of 1,000 grains were significantly reduced by $SO_2$ exposure at tillering stage. The reduction rates of yield at tillering stage exposure were 22% and 47% in Dongbori and Durubori, respectively. Dongbori #2 showed the most tolerant to sulfur dioxide among 8 cultivars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.291-291
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• 2009

쌀 생산관리 방법에 따른 논 생태계의 생물다양성을 조사하기 위하여 관행, 우렁이, 투구새우, 심수관개, 오리농법 등으로 구분하여 벼 재배기간 동안 수서생물종과 식물종을 조사하였다. 논물과 토양에 서식하는 생물종을 쿼드라트법을 활용하여 조사한 결과, 토양생물의 풍부도는 이앙기는 관행농법, 분얼기에는 투구새우 농법이 높았으며, 출수기에는 무논, 쌀겨 농법에서 가장 많은 토양생물이 서식하고 있었다. 또한, 줄 채집에 의한 수서생물 종은 분얼기와 출수기, 육상생물은 수확기때 풍부하였으며 관행농법은 분얼기에 가장 출현종이 많았던 반면 오리농법은 전 조사기간 동안 가장 개체수가 적었으며 무논+쌀겨농법이 생물다양성 기여도가 가장 높았다. 생물조사 결과 관행보다는 유기재배논에서 종 풍부도가 2배이상 높게 나타났으며, 쌀겨농법은 이앙기~분얼기까지는 쌀겨 분해에 따른 유기산에 의해 수서곤충이 급감되나 분얼기이후 개체수가 회복되어 무논+쌀겨구에서 가장 높았다. 전 조사지점 논둑의 식물 분포는 농법별 유의성이 없었으며 논둑의 우점식물은 쑥, 개망초,질경이, 클로버, 미나리, 미국가막사리, 쇠뜨기, 둑새풀, 미나리 등이었다. 출수기를 전후하여 관행논과 유기논, 그리고 둠벙의 유무로 구분하여 생물종을 조사한 결과, 먼저 관행논과 유기논에서 서식하는 생물종은 비슷하지만 수서생물의 개체수는 유기논이 관행논보다 43-54%나 많았다. 한편, 둠벙의 유무에 의한 생물조사에서는 둠벙이 있는 논이 없는 논보다 서식종이 35-47%정도 높은 경향을 나타내어 생물다양성을 증진하기위해서는 낙수기때 수서생물들의 피난처를 확보하여 주는 소규모 둠벙이 효과적인 것으로 판단되었다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.222-228
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of N levels (0,10,20,30kg/10a) and N split rates [the rates of basal＋top dressing 15 days after transplanting (DAT) : top dressing 25 days before heading (DBH) was 100 : 0, 80 : 20, 60 : 40 ] on the growth, yield, yield components, and N uptake of Seomjinbyeo (J) and Samgangbyeo (I${\times}$J). The maximum tillering stage occurred in the middle of July in both varieties, but Samgangbyeo showed the second maximum tillering stage in the middle of August probably due to the retarded early growth caused by low temperature in the tillering stage and to favoring temperature in August. Grain yield of Seomjinbyeo was similar among the N levels from 10 to 30 kg/10a without occurrence of rice blast and lodging, but that of Samgangbyeo increased as N level increased upto 30 kg/10a. Grain yield of Seomjinbyeo was higher when N was applied three times (basal and two top dressings 15 DAT and 25 DBH) compared with two times (basal and top dressing 15 DAT), but that of Samgangbyeo was not different among the N split rates. Total N uptake and the proportion of fertilizer N to the total N uptake increased as N level was higher. N uptake tended to be higher as proportion of basal＋top dressing 15 DAT increased in early growth stage, but it was higher as proportion of N applied 25 DBH increased in the late growth stage. The N efficiency to produce grain per absorbed N unit decreased as N level decreased in Seomjinbyeo, but similar in Samgangbyeo.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 1989

Leaf characteristics of main stem and tiller of IK type maize (IK/ /IRI/B68) were compared with those of Jinjoo Ok hybrid which are not usually tillered. A total of nine leaves from flag leaf to the third or the fourth leaf below ear-bearing node were sampled from each stem or tiller. There was no significant difference in mean leaf length between IK/ /IRI/B68 and Jinjoo Ok. But the mean leaf width of IK/ /IRI/ B68 was about 2 cm narrower than that of Jinjoo Ok. The mean leaf area of the IK/ /IRI/B68 was also smaller than that of Jinjoo Ok due to the narrower leaf width. There were not significant differences in mean leaf characteristics between main stem and tillers of IK/IRI/B68. The longest leaf was the leaf below the ear-bearing node and the widest leaf was the leaf just above the ear-bearing node. Mean length. width and area of leaf on main stem and tillers were similar. Coefficients of variation calculated for individual leaf indicated that the leaves near the ear-bearing node were more uniform than others. The leaf area measured was significantly greater than that estimated by formular, length x width x 0.75. New constant to estimate leaf area of tillering maize was derived as 0.8.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.47-51
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• 1973

In order to ascertain the effects of fluctuations and range of daily temperatures on the growth of rice, a pot(1/5, 000 are) experiment was conducted in the phytotron, Crop Experiment Station, in 1972. Seven treatment combinations of day-temperatures 25 and $30^{\circ}C$ with night-temperatures 10, 15, 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ were applied in three 10 days periods, in to which the tillering stage was split after rooting of the paddy, namely, early, middle and late. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The number of tillers were maximum with the treatments of day-temperature $30^{\circ}C$ and night-temperatures 20 as well as $25^{\circ}C$ in the early and middle periods, while the effects were small in the late period. 2. Multiplying plant height and number of panicles resulted in a high figure by combining a day-temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ with night-temperatures 20 as well as $25^{\circ}C$ in the early and middle periods, and no differences in the late period. 3. The treatment in the early period yielded a high RGR(g/g/day), of which the treatment combinations of day-temperature $30^{\circ}C$ with night-temperatures 20 and $25^{\circ}C$ gave the highest figure. 4. High straw weight in ripening stage was obtained with the temperature treatments in the early period rather than those in the late period. 5. Accordingly, it seems that the effect of temperature on the emergence of tillers is the highest at the early stage of tillering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1984

A Korean local maize line, MET, which has multi-ears and tillers has been proved as a potential source for silage production. However, no fundamental genetic nature for the line has been investigated. Therefore, this study was done to find genetic information on the multi-earing and -tillering habits of MET line. MET line and a hybrid. (Mo 17 ${\times}$ B68), with monoculm and single ear per plant were used for production of F$_1$(F$\_$1-12/ and F$\_$1-21/), F$\_$2-12/, F$\_$2-21/, BC$\_$1-12/ and BC$\_$1-21/ generations. From the comparison of reciprocal crosses, it was found that the tillering and earing habits of the MET line are controlled by cytoplasmic factors. The tiller and ear numbers, and barren ears were all characters associated with the MET cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic effect of MET on tiller and ear numb en was not evident in F$_1$ generation, probably because of suppressing effect of heterosis on appearance of tillers or ears. Genetic parameters for the gene action for both tiller and ear number also indicated a lack of mono- or digenic-chromosomal gene effects. The heritability (broad) was very low for both characters. Therefore, it is strongly concluded that the tillering and earing characters of MET line are due to cytoplasmic reasons.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the growth characteristics of four barley cultivars to NaCl stress of 100mM on 10 March (Tillering stage) and 10 April(Panicle formation stage). Plant grown in Wagner pot(1/5,000 a) with sand culture. Plant height, root length, leaf number and tillering number reduced by NaCl stress and tillering number was shorter than any other character. The reduction of those with NaCl treatment was more severe in 10 March treatment compared to in 10 April it. Leaf, root and straw weight were decreased with NaCl treatment and root weight was more sensitive than any others on 10 March and 10 April treatment. One hundred grain weight (g) in grain component was the most severe in 10 March treatment and panicle number per plant was the most severe in 10 April treatment. The result also varied depending on the cultivars and the time of NaCl stress. In terms of yield component, salt sensitivity was low in order of Bunong, Chalssalbori, Dongbori 1, and Neulssalbori in 10 March and Neulssalbori, Dongbori 1, Bunong and Chalssalbori in 10 April treatment by 100mM NaCl.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.548-555
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• 1995

This study was aimed to provide understanding on the eco-physiological response of barley tillers as affected by sowing method. Yield and yield contribution rates of tillers were investigated with the data of field experiments in the Honam Crops Experiment Station of Iri, Korea from October 1986 to July 1987. Narrow-seeding (each row placement 40cm$\times$seeding width of each row 18cm), drill-seeding (20cm$\times$5cm) and broadcasting on wide ridge (each ridge placement 120cm$\times$ridge width 90cm) were applied to examine the effects of various sowing methods. Primary tillers such as mainstem, 1 and 2 produced ears in all treatments, but the ear from a secondary tiller of 11 was observed only in broadcasting on wide ridge. Drill-seeding was the highest in number of spikelet, grain and plump grain per ear, while narrow-seeding being the lowest. The plump grain yield per square meter was 679.8g in narrow-seeding, while drill-seeding and broadcasting produced more than narrow seeding by 28.7% and 16.8% respectively. The actual yields per l0a for sowing methods showed a similar pattern to plump grain yield per square meter in which the yield was 567.6kg by narrow-seeding and the increments of drill-seeding and broadcasting were 30.6% and 15.4%, respectively.