• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 1996

The five spedes of genus Iksookimia from Korea were investigated by electron microscopes to clarify the adhesive membranes on zona radiata. In the late vitellogenic stage the adhesive membranes could be classified into three form as follows: 1) villous form of Iksookimia koreensis, I pumila, and I. hugowolfeldi, 2) cotton-shaped form of I. longicorpus, and 3) vine-shaped form of I. choii. And although I. koreensis, I pumila, and I. hugowolfeldi possessed the same villous form, It was evident that fine structure of the zona radiata varied according to spedes. The adhesive membranes and fine structures of zona radiata in Iksookimla showed a species specificity related to closely their habitats and spawning properties.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 1984

A strain producing an extracellular cytosine deaminase was isolated from soil samples. The enzyme obtained from the strain possessed the substrate specificity to both cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine. From the results of its morphological, cultural, physiological, and biochemical properties, the strain was thought to be the genus Arthrobacter. Therefore, it was named as Arthrobacter sp. JH-13. The composition of optimum medium for the enzyme formation was 0.5% of peptone, 0.5% of meat extract, 0.5% of soluble starch, and 0.1% of KCl. The optimum pH for the enzyme formation was 8.0. When the microoganism was cultured aerobically in the above medium, enzyme production reached at maximum in 54 hours at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2007

The similarities among five strains of Streptomyces were measured by the serological methods. Antigens were prepared by dissolving cell envelope fractions in Tween 20 buffer and antisera were produced from the immunized rabbits. Immunodiffusion studies and ELISA results showed that the degree of antigen-antibody reaction was not exactly matched to the taxonomic distance; i. e. the strains of the cluster group A exhibited low level of cross-reactions each other, while relatively strong cross-reactions were observed between Streptomyces lavendulae of cluster group F and Streptomyces viridochromogenes of cluster group A.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 1998

감별신경차단이 주의깊은 병력 청취, 이학적검사, 신경학적검사를 대체할 수는 없으며 적절한 검사실 또는 심리학적 연구를 줄이는데 의도되서는 안된다. 그러나 이들의 진단적 노력에서도 환자 통증의 원인을 규명할 수 없고 따라서 적절한 치료를 지침해줄 수 없을 때 감별신경차단이 상당한 도움이 될 수 있다. 감별신경차단이 통상적인 진단방법의 결과와 다른 기전을 말해 줄 수 있으나 그런 결과들이 사전의 치료방법이 환자 통증의 제거 실패한 점을 설명해줄 수 있으며, 나아가 특이한 증후군에 대한 적절한 치료방법을 결정해줄 수 있다. 발표된 논문들을 기본으로 고찰한 바, 진단과 예후판정을 위한 도루로써의 신경차단의 이론적 배경을 위축시키는 많은 제한성들이 있음을 알 수 있다. 추가해서 이들 수기들은 임상적 유용성을 증명하기에는 미흡하다. 그러므로 이상적인 진단적 신경차단을 위해서는, 수기관리와 호과의 입증 뿐만 아니라 결과의 분석과 적용에 있어서도 주의가 필요하다. 연구자들은 어떤 경우들에 있어 이들 수기가 계속되는 치료의 지침에 도움이 되는 정보를 제공한다고 보고 있으며, 그러므로 수행자들의 축적된 판단을 조급하게 일축할 필요는 없다. 끝으로 만성통증의 진단적 분류가 혼동되고 복잡하기 때문에 비록 유효성의 증명이 미흡하지만 해부학적 및 생리학적 감각을 얻기 위해서는 진단적 차단의 선별적인 사용의 필요서을 합리화해주고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61-89
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• 2006

Algific talus slopes are local cold micro-environmental habitats where cool air escapes through vents and fissures of talus layer, and ice forms in summer. To access the phytogeographical significance and to develop the conservation strategy on vegetation of the algific talus, plant species composition on seven algific talus in South Korea was investigated. As a results, phytogeographically significant northern elements such as Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh., Diplazium sibiricum (Turcz. ex Kunze) Sa.Kurata, Polypodium virginianum L., Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. and Hackelia deflexa (Wahlenb.) Opiz were distributed in these algific talus slopes (below $N37^{\circ}43^{\prime}$). In addition, subalpine species such as Woodsia subcordata Turcz, Rosa suavis willd., Clematis fusca var. coreana ($H.L{\acute{e}}v.$ & Vaniot) Nakai, Calamagrostis langsdorfii (Link) Trin. and Carex vaginata var. petersii (C.A.Mey.) Akiyama were also distributed as typical relictual species of these algific talus (less than alt. 400m). The algific talus slopes in Korean peninsular can be regarded as the insular refugia that northern plant species advanced southward during the latest glacial age have been isolated and adapted in some local microhabitats. Because the algific talus slopes as paleorefugia are very important in terms of phytogeography as well as meteorology ans geology, developments of strategies for in situ and ex situ conservation on these small isolated and threatened populations associated with the algific talus urgently needed.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of current study was to evaluate the validity of the existing radiological classifications as a diagnostic modality for predicting characteristics of calcific deposition in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder joint. For that purpose, we determined the inter-observer reliability for evaluating diagnostic precisions of the classification and also evaluated diagnostic accuracy of predicting the toothpaste type calcific deposition. Materials and Methods: We performed retrospective study with total 26 patients surgically treated with calcific tendinitis of the shoulder joint from March 2010 to October 2013. Two independent observers reviewed preoperative radiographs of shoulder joints, and classified the characteristics of calcific depositions according to the criteria of Gartner, DePalma and Patte. Cohen's kappa were calculated for each classifications to evaluate inter-observer reliability. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio were determined for type of calcific depositions with Gartner type III, DePalma type I, and Patte type II for predicting toothpaste type calcific deposition. Results: The values of Cohen's kappa were the highest in the classification of Patte, 0.62, and the values for the classifications of DePalma and Gartner were 0.56 and 0.36, respectively. The sensitivities for predicting toothpaste type calcific deposition in Gartner Type III, DePalma type I and Patte type II were 83.3%, 91.7%, and 58.3%, respectively. Specificities were 85.7% 50.0% and 64%, positive likelihood ratios were 5.833, 1.833 and 1.633, negative likelihood ratios were 0.194, 0.167 and 0.648, and diagnostic odds ratios were 30.00, 11.00 and 2.52, respectively. Conclusion: There were no radiologic classifications of calcific tendinitis which has both high precision and accuracy. Further studies with other diagnostic modalities such as ultrasonography are needed for predicting characteristics of calcific deposition in calcific tendinitis of the shoulder joint.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 1997

한국에 분포된 논우렁이과(family Viviparidae)에는 논우렁이(Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata)와 큰논우렁이(C. japonica) 두 종으로 알려져 있으나 그 형태적 차이점을 구별하기는 쉽지 않다. 형태학적 주요 차이점은 논우렁이에서 패각의 봉합이 깊어 나탑이 뚜렸하고 둥글며 spire angle이 약 62。- 66。인데 비해, 큰 논우렁이는 봉합이 깊지 않아 나탑이 뚜렷하지 못하고 밋밋하며 각 나층에 두개씩의 나륵이 있는 점과 spire angle이 약 58。- 61。인 점이다. 소화기관과 생식기관에서는 2종의 암, 수 모두에서 특이할만한 차이점을 찾아 볼 수 없으나 논우러이는 큰논우렁이에 비해 전반적으로 크고 긴 기관들을 갖고 있었다. 논우렁이와 큰노누렁이 모두에서 IM, IOL, ILL, IC, ILL, IOL, IM의 치설 배열을 보였으나 분치(cusp)배열이 다소 상이하였으며, 논우렁이 개체군 사이에도 분치 배열의 상이점이 관찰되었다. 그러나 위의 두 종은 형태적으로 유사성이 높기 때문에 $\beta$-분류 및 $\gamma$-분류로 그 체계를 확실히 구명하여야 할 필요성이 인정된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1996

Taxonomic problems of Metagoninus spry. in Korea were investigated. Metacercariae of various freshwater fish species - PlecoBlossus cltiuelis, Carnssius aurctus, Zacco platypus, Zncco temmincki, Opscriichthws bidens - were collected from different localities in Korea and experimentally fed to golden hamsters. Observation of recovered adult worms showed that PLeco91ossus nltiuelis was infected with metacercariae of both M. vokognwni and M. toknhoshii. C. auratus was infected with metacercariae of M. takchcshii and Z. platvpf, Z. temmincki, O. binens were infected only with metacercariae of Metofonimuf Miyata type. From the inferences about the morphological characteristics, host specificities and occurrence patterns in infected animals, Metogonimus Miyata type is considered to be an independent group.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

Purpose: The macroscopic findings of tumors are not always identical with the microscopic findings. This study investigated the oncologic implications of macroscopic serosal invasion in advanced gastric cancer to find out how to improve the accuracy for the depth of invasion assessed by the surgeon during an operation. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 789 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent a gastrectomy at Kyungpook National University Hospital between 1995 and 1999 were reviewed. The prognoses and the recurrence patterns were analyzed according to macroscopic serosal invasion and microscopic serosal invasion, and the clinico-pathological factors of cT3/ss cancers were compared with those of cT3/se cancers. Results: Difference of survival rates according to macroscopic serosal invasion and microscopic serosal invasion revealed statistically significant. Recurrence rates were similar in patients with macroscopic and microscopic serosal invasion (42.2% and 41.4%, respectively). Peritoneal recurrence rates were also similar (19.8% and 21.9%, respectively). The sensitivity and the specificity of macroscopic assessment of serosal invasion were 70.3% and 77.8%, respectively, On univariate and multivariate analyses, Borrmann type I/II cancers and the absence of distant metastases revealed the risk factors for overestimating of serosal invasion. Conclusion: Macroscopic serosal invasion assessed by a surgeon intraoperatively can be used to give a prognosis and to predict the recurrence pattern precisely, although there is a risk for overestimation when the tumor is a Borrmann type I/II cancer or the tumor has no distant metastases. (J Korean Gastric Cancer Assoc 2006;6:84-90)

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.251-270
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data and method for assessing the naturaliness of temple environment by applying the ecological index of plant to quantitatively and objectively assess the flora and to understand the flora distributed in major temple forest. The ecological index of plant was based in the surveyed flora. The whole flora were summarized as 535 taxa including 103 families, 310 genera, 426 species, 5 subspecies, 82 varieties and 22 forms. And, the numbers of taxa in the Beopheungsa were 267 taxa, 314 taxa of the Daeseungsa and 296 taxa of the Seongjusa. The rare plants were 9 taxa including Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida, Arisaema heterophyllumand so forth, and the Korean endemic plants were 11 taxa including Clematis trichotoma, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Vicia chosenensis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 51 taxa including Wistaria floribunda, Celtis aurantiaca, Angelica gigas and so forth, and the pteridophyta were 26 taxa including Osmunda japonica, Polystichum braunii, Onoclea orientalis and so forth. The naturalized plants were 35 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Conyza canadensis, Xanthium strumarium and so forth, the invasive alien plants were 3 taxa including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus and Eupatorium rugosum. In the results of analysing the ecological index of plant in whole temple forests, RI(Rare Index) was 1.7%, 2.1% of EI(Endemic Index), 9.5% of SI(Specific Index), 1.2 of PI(Pteridophyta Index) and 6.5% of NI(Naturalized Index) in narrow sense. In broad sense, FI(Flora Index) was 11.0%, 1.5% of RI, 3.4% of EI, 4.8% of SI, 10.1% of PI, 10.9% of UI(Urbanized Index) and 25.0% of DI(Disturbed Index). The FI of the Daeseungsa was the highest among the three temple forests. In narrow sense, the RI, SI, NI and DI of the Beopheungsa was high, the seongjusa was higher the EI and SI. In broad sense, the RI and SI of the Beopheungsa, the EI, SI and PI of the Seongjusa, the UI is high in the Daeseungsa. In future, if we will analyze ecological index of plant in other temple forests, we will offer the help to establishing the plan of conservation and restoration on ecosystem in whole temple forests.Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are playing pivotal role in monitoring the effect of environmental pollution on the ecosystem based on the retrospective analysis of the representative samples collected regularly and stored in cryogenic condition.