• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2008

The emission characteristics of odorous compounds discharged from the major environmental treatment facilities in Chungju were closely investigated by an ammonia passive sampler and by analyzing a questionnaire of the public complains. Amongst the four major emission sources, the manure treatment facility showed the highest concentration. The major components were sulfur compounds including H$_2$S, tri-methyl amine, and aldehydes. The foodwaste treatment processes releases sulfur compounds and aldehydes. Municipal waste water treatment facility emits a high concentration of acetaldehyde. It was found that the perceived odor level depends on the meteorological condition, and the odor intensity was higher at midnight than daytime.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find deodorization management method of the efflux from swine slurry treated by thermophilic aerobic oxidation reactor. Three kinds of deodorization methods in Lab-scale reactors, were used in this experiment; No treatment, air injection treatment(50$m\ell$ air/min. $\ell$) and inoculumn of photrophic bacteria treatement(108 cell(Most probable number, MPN)/$m\ell$). The concentration of volatile fatty acids(VFAs), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), and ammonia(NH3) were analyzed during the treatment period(50 days). The major results obtained as follows. 1. Air injection method to efflux showed very high removal effect on malodorants such as VFAs, hydrogen sulfide(H2B). But ammonia(NH3) was emitted to much. 2. PTB inoculum method was also effective in removal of malodorants, VFAs, Hydrogen sulfide(H2S), when it was applied to the efflux. 3. We found that the concentrations of malodorants, VFAs, H2S, NH3 had some relatinships with the pH, ORP, BOD in the efflux.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.687-694
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• 2006

Dewatering sludge using inorganic chemicals with polymer has been evaded for reuse on account of the risks of high heavy metals contained and soil acidification. Composting feasibility of coagulation & dewatering sludges produced from livestock waste treatment plant was investigated. The results of analysis prove that dewatering sludge is valuable matter with suitable elements for composting if high quality ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) is used for coagulation & dewatering process. In pot-cultivation of harvestes, using effects of dewatering sludge improved with lime treatment was very effective. The results of pot-cultivation proved that harms of crops according to different acid tolerances were not detected. But it was not applied to crops with weak acid tolerance or greenhouse for free from gas damage. Also, Further studies and monitorings are necessary to use sludges because results of pot-cultivation were generated differently by characteristics of soil, nutrient demand of plants, mature degree of sludge, consecutive cultivation and etc.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve utilization of fly ash. Each animal waste was mixed with fly ash and composted This compost used at forage crops with corn, rye and alfalfa to examine to examine the fertilized efficiency and investigated productivity of forage crops, composition of this copmost and effect of fly ash on soil characteristics and composition. Content of organic matte, P2O5, K2O, CaO, MgO, Mn and B at the soil, which is given fly ash, increased. After the test crops were harvested, pH of the soil was maintained about 7 and contents of organic matter, phosphoric aicd, K, Mg, and B was increased at the soil of used fly ash. As fly ash was mixed, each DM yield of corn and rye was increased 10∼13% and 14∼21% especially alfalfa was increased 35% at the soil which is mixed fly ash with cage layer manure. As fly ash was mixed, each Crude protein (CP) of corn and rye was increased 6∼17% and about 29%, especially, as fly and cage layer manure was mixed CP of alfalfa was increased 33%. In conclusion, as fly ash is mixed with anlmal waste and use at forage crops, It makes the soil good and improve the productivity of forage crops.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2001

This study conducted to monitor decomposition process of the charomatophore pollution solution of an animal slurry by using a CCD camera. After the solution was put into test tube, the images(R, G, B, H, L, S) values of the solution were measured by the imgae processing system, and those of it\`s optical density were measured for three hours to be decomposed by microscopic organism. The values of measured for three hours to be decomposed by microscopic organism. The values of measured images(R, G, B, H, L, S) were analysed and compared with those of the optical density. Some of the results are as follows. 1. High correlation coefficients, which analyzed by using data on linear equations, were 0.9557 and 0.9672. They were decreased regularly in this R-value experiment of RGB level. The microscopic organism in this experiment was effective for decomposition of the red charomatophore pollution solution. 2. The values of all correlation coefficients from relationship between RGB-value and optical density were more than 0.95 except H-values. RGB-values, which were average values of summed R, G, B values, had correlation coefficients of 0.9863, 0.9937. These results showed so good relationship that decomposition process of charomatophore pollution solution could be monitored by a image processing system.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2011

During the process of anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis of substrate is the key factor determining methane production efficiency. The hydrolysis efficiency are directly affected by biodegradability of substrate. In this study, three types of pre-treatment methods were tested to enhance biodegradability effectiveness. By the application of blender and the Cavitation treatment, the SCODcr increased from 24,723 mg/l to 24.726~29,175 mg/l and to 25,589~26,456 mg/l, respectively. In case of ozone treatment, the SCODcr decreased from 24,723 mg/l to 22.540~23,988 mg/l. In batch experiment, there was a little improvement of the biochemical methane potential (BMP) by the blender and the cavitation treatment. In contrast, the BMP somewhat decreased by ozone treatment. This result shows that higher anaerobic digestion efficiency of livestock manure could be obtained through pre-treatment of substrate.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-78
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• 2018

According to the in social aspects such as population growth, urbanization and industrialization, development of livestock industry by meat consumption, amount of organic wastes (containing sewage sludge and food waste, animal manure, etc) has been increased annually in South Korea. Precise monitoring of 11 organic wastes biogas facilities were conducted. The organic decomposition rate of organic wastewater was 68.2 % for food wastes, 66.8 % for animal manure and 46.2 % for sewage sludge and 58.8 % for total organic wastes. As a result of analyzing the biogas characteristics before and after the pretreatment, the total average of the whole facility was measured to be 560 ppm using iron salts and desulfurization, and decreased to 40 ppm when the reduction efficiency was above 90 %. Particularly, when iron salt is injected into the digester, the treatment efficiency is about 93 %, and the average is reduced to 150 ppm. In the case of dehumidification, the absolute humidity and the relative humidity were analyzed. The dew point temperature of the facility where the dehumidification facility was well maintained as $14^{\circ}C$, the absolute humidity was $12.6g/m^3$, and the relative humidity was 35 %. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for the disadvantages of biogasification facilities of organic waste resources and optimize utilization of biogas and improve operation of facilities. This study was conducted to optimize biogas utilization of type of organic waste(containing sewage sludge and food waste, animal manure) through precision monitoring.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.479-486
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• 2006

The current study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding and management practices on milk quality and dairy farm productivity in Korea. Fifty dairy farms in Gyunggi (11), Gangwon (22), Chungnam (17) provinces were surveyed to collect data on the herd size, housing style, feeding management, waste disposal, milking practices and milk yield. Milk tank samples from all farms under study were also collected to enumerate its composition and quality parameters. Large dairy herds are equiped with better housing, milking and waste control facilities than medium and small dairy herds. Higher concentrate feeding to lactating cows was noticed in small dairy herds (47.51 %) than in medium (32.59 %) and large dairy herds (31.82 %). The decrease in concentrate feeding to lactating cows with increase in number of cows per farm resulted in a simultaneous increase in the use of imported forages. Bacterial count in milk was affected by housing and milking facilities at dairy farms. Higher bacterial counts (Coliform and E. coli) in milk were observed in cows housed in stanchion than those under free stall with saw dust bedding. The bacterial counts were higher with bucket milking system than with pipe-line and parlour systems. The increase in the number of dairy cows per farm and thus better management and milking facilities resulted in a reduction in somatic cell score. Milk yield (per cow) was higher in herds with less somatic cell score. Average milk protein concentration was between 2.89 to 2.98 % and milk urea nitrogen was between 21.81 to 23.31mg/ml on surveyed dairy farms. This study concluded that large herd size with better dairy cow management facilities is crucial to produce quality milk with better dairy farm income.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.sup
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

This research investigated the effect of $SCOD_{Mn}$ concentrations and pH adjustment at the stage before land application, namely 2nd-aeration treatment stage of liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer treatment process of swine manure on the physicochemical compositions of 2nd-aeration treated liquid fertilizer. The liquid fertilizer used in this research is the alkaline fermented liquid fertilizer of swine manure more than pH 9.0 through aeration treatment (Alkaline fermentation treatment group). About the alkaline liquid fertilizer, phosphate neutralization treatment was conducted with phosphoric acid and it was a phosphate neutralization treatment group. In 2nd-aeration treatment of liquid fertilizer for 30 days, each group was divided into alkaline treatment groups (T-1, T-2, and T-3) and phosphate neutralization treatment groups (T-4, T-5, and T-6) according to early $SCOD_{Mn}$ concentrations. The research results are as follows. 1. As for $SCOD_{Mn}$ reduction rate, the average 29.9% in alkaline treatment groups and the average 36.9% in phosphate neutralization treatment groups were shown and so the relatively high reduction rate was shown in phosphate neutralization treatment groups. 2. After finishing the experiment, the group of the lowest $SCOD_{Mn}$ concentrations was the phosphate neutralization treatment group, T-6 with the lowest inflow concentrations. In case the final goal level of 2nd-aeration treated liquid fertilizer is assumed as concentrations less than $SCOD_{Mn}$ 3,000 ppm, it would be desired that inflow concentrations of 2nd-aeration treatment groups are adjusted less than $SCOD_{Mn}$ 5,500 ppm. 3. As for the persistence rate of nitrogen, the average 29.3% in alkaline treatment groups and the average 38.9% in phosphate neutralization treatment groups were shown and so phosphate neutralization treatment groups showed the relatively low loss rate of nitrogen, meanwhile, in the case of T-P, phosphate neutralization treatment groups maintained high concentrations (average 1,473 ppm). 4. In the event of 2nd-aeration treatment of liquid fertilizer, "alkaline fermentation treatment" condition in 'low phosphate-low nitrogen' type and "phosphate neutralization treatment" condition in 'high phosphate-high nitrogen' type are expected to be favorable.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 2004

A solid of Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation(TAO) System was mixed with sawdust or a rice husks. After fermentation was finished, molding machine and a dryer were used, and pellet fertilizer was produced. The fertilizing experiment was carried out as five pieces by Bed soil, TAO solid(TAO-S), TAO pellet fertilizer(TAO-PF), Chemical fertilizer(NPK) and Control(no fertilizer). Growth rate of the Chinese cabbage by each treatment was examined. Analysis of microbe and soil characteristic before and after crop experiment were carried out. When the moisture contents of TAO-PF were $18\%$ and $25\%$, the occurrence rate of microbes for the storage time was increased to $80\%$ and $100\%$ respectively. However, in the $12\%$ of water content treatment was not increased microbes. The concentration of soil bacteria in TAO-PF and TAO-S for 15 day after treatment was $1.5\times10^7\~8.0\times10^7$ CFU/ml, and the concentration of bacteria for 50 day was increased to $6.3\times10^7$ and $8.3\times10^7$ CFU/ml. However, Fungus decreased. The concentration of Actinomycetes was increased in TAO solid, Bed soil and TAO-PF treatment. The TAO-S and TAO-PF treatment were normal to compare to the NPK treatment. In this experiment the height and width of the Chinese cabbage were 22.3 cm, 16.8 cm in Bed soil and 28.8 cm, 21.3 cm in TAO solid. The leaf number of TAO-S, TAO-PF and NPK treatment were similar to 39.8, 38.3, 40.3 sheet. As the result, the TAO-PF knew that use was possible with fertilizer.