• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 1981

This study was carried out in order to provide the basic data necessary to develop the effective and desirable cooking method on large scale for investigating the physical characteristics of cooked rices and studying optimum cooking conditions by pressure in kettle cooking rices. Milyang-15, local Japonica type and Milyang-23, high yielding Indica type major varieties cultivated in Korea were used as cooking sample after polishing 70% and 90% respectively, and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The average moisture content of cooked rice by open kettle and pressure kettle method in typical households were 65.17% and 64.52%, respectively. 2. In water absorption capacity of rice grain Milyang-23 was 4.5% higher than Milyang-15, and maximum water content after absorption in Milyang-23 was 29.14%. 3. The expansion volume of cooked rice was changed proportionally by water absorption, heating temperature and time, and maximum expansion volume of cooked rice was 3.2 times greater than rice grain. 4. The gelatinization degree of cooked rice intensively concerning in hardness of rice grain was increased as water-to-rice ratio, heating temperature and time increased, and it was 0.44 in Milyang-23 and 0.64 in Milyang-15 under the optimum cooking conditions as 160% water-to-rice ratio, $0.2kg/cm^2$ cooking pressure and 25 minutes cooking time. 5. The hardness of cooked rice was decreased as water-to-rice ratio, heating temperature and time increased, and it showed 2.35kg/wt in 90% polished Milyang-23 and 2.0kg/wt in 90 polished Milyang-15 under optimum cooking conditions. For maintaining the same level of hardness of cooking rice Milyang-23 required 25% much more water than Milyang-15. 6. The elasticity of cooked rice was changed proportionally by water-to-rice ratio, heating temperature and time, and it appeared 19.2mm and 15.7mm in 90% polished Milyang-15 and Milyang-23 respectively. 7. The gumminess of cooked rice was decreased as water-to-rice ratio, heating temperature and time increased, and it showed 60 and 73 in 90% polished Milyang-23 and Milyang-15, respectively. 8. The optimum cooking time on differerent pressure in kettle took 25 minutes at $0.2kg/cm^2$, 20 minutes at $0.4kg/cm^2$, 15 minutes at $0.6kg/cm^2$, and 10 minutes at $0.8kg/cm^2$.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1981

In order to determine the dose-response relationship of ethanol on blood pressure and renal function, 2 doses of ethanol were intubated into albino rats. For a direct measurement of arterial blood pressure, a polyethylene catheter(PE 10) was implanted in the abdominal aorta, and the other end of the catheter was pulled out of the back of the neck. The experiment was conducted after the rats recovered from the surgery. After emptying their bladders, the rats were placed in a metabolism cage. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured and arterial blood samples were collected through the catheter. Following the collection of the control urine sample, 1 ml of 10 g% (low dose), or 30 g% (high dose) of ethanol/100 g BW was intubated. 1 ml of water/100 g BW was intubated into the control group. MAP and blood samples were taken every hour, and urine samples were collected every 90 min for 3 hours. Blood alcohol concentrations reached a peak at 1 hour (low dose: $105.0{\pm}7.5$, high dose: $214.7{\pm}20.2\;mg%$) and decreased linearly thereafter. Following alcohol ingestion, MAP began to decrease at 15 min and remained at a significantly low level thoughout the 3 hours experimental period(low dose: $112{\pm}2{\rightarrow}102{\pm}4$, high dose: $117{\pm}2{\rightarrow}100{\pm}8\;mmHg$). Urine Flow increased markedly during the first 90 min of ethanol ingestion (low dose: $0.88{\pm}0.20{\rightarrow}1.04{\pm}0.22$, high dose: $0.56{\pm}0.11{\rightarrow}1.35{\pm}0.18\;ml/1.5\;hr$) and decreased during the second 90 min period(low dose: $0.25{\pm}0.06$, high dose: $0.22{\pm}0.06\;ml/1.5\;hr$). Urine flow of the control group decreased gradually during the experiment $(0.88{\pm}0.10{\longrightarrow}0.59{\pm}0.09{\rightarrow}0.45{\pm}0.09\;ml/1.5\;hr)$. These results indicate that the blood-pressure-lowering and diuretic effects of ethanol are dose-related: higher doses of ethanol produce a greater decrease in blood pressure and greater diuresis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1973

In view of the recent knowledge on the radioprotective action of reduced glutathione (GSH), the present study was designed the elucidate the effect of some concentrations of GSH on the levels of intrinsic non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and non-protein disulfide (NP-SS) of the mouse liver incubated at 4, 25 and 37C in vitro, respectively. The liver slice of the mouse was incubated at 4, 25 and 37C in the medium composed of 100 ml of Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (KRP) with the addition of 10, 20 and 30 mg of GSH, respectively. Measurement of NP-SH and NP-SS was made at 5, 30 and 60 min during the course of the incubation, and the results were compared with the controls which were incubated only in KRP medium, and the normal. The results thus obtained are summarized as follows: 1. When the mouse liver slice was incubated at 4C, the values of both NP-SH and NP-SS of the control and the group where 10 mg of GSH was added to the incubation medium were similar to those of the normal group, and the increase of NP-SH and NP-SS with the increased concentrations of GSH was not prominent. 2. When the liver slice was incubated in the concentrations of GSH 20 mg/100 ml KRP and GSH 30 mg/100 ml KRP at 25 C, the rate of increase of both NP-SH and NP-SS was proportional to the increase of GSH concentration. In the group where 10 mg of GSH was added to the incubation medium, the value of NP-SH and NP-SS reached the highest value at 30 min, but a tendency of decrease was observed at 60 min. 3. The rate of increase of NP-SH and NP-SS of the liver was most marked of all the group. studied when the incubation temperatuse was elevated to 37C, and the increase was proportional to the concentration of GSH and the incubation time.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.33-39
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• 1987

In order to study the degradation pattern of propanil in solution, the environmental factors such as temperature, pH and UV irradiation effect on propanil degradation were investigated. The degradation of propanil in solution was more rapid in high temperature than in low. The production amount of DCA was increased in high temperature, and then was decreased in a certain period of time because of conversion to TCAB, but the concentration of TCAB was maintained without more degradation. Propanil was rapidly hydrolyzed in alkaline solution as well as in strong acidic solution. Degradation product, DCA was rapidly produced and condensed to TCAB in strong acidic and alkaline condition. On exposur to ultraviolet light, 90% of original propanil was degraded within 20minutes, 0.3 ppm of DCA was produced in 10 minutes, and maintained the concentration throughout irradiation times.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 1984

Lethal effect on Chinese radish Kimchi was investigated by using a pilot scale Kimchi pasteurizer. A simulation model was presented so as to predict the change in viable cell concentration of the Kimchi during pasteurization. D values of microorganisms in the Kimchi were found to be 2.21, 1.62, 0.73, 0.39 and 0.21min at 60, 64, 70, 75 and $80^{\circ}C$, correspondingly, and thereby z value was $19^{\circ}C$. One cycle time required was 0.99min at flow rate of 4 l/min. The ratio of lethality in preheating section to total lethality was 0.3 and the ratio of lethality in holding, precooling and cooling sections to total lethality was 0.7. The experimental data were in good agreement with the values simulated by two model equations to which linear and exponential temperature profiles were applied at $65^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$ in holding section.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1978

The incorporation of activity in plasma lipid was determined after injection of $u-C^{14}-glucose$ to normal laying hen. The extraction of total lipid from plasma was carried out by the method of Floch et al. with some modifications. The counting of carbon-14 activity was conducted by a Beckman Liquid Scintillation System, The concentration of plasma lipid was estimated as much as 3,070mg per 100ml of plasma taken at 5 minutes after injection of tracer amount of $u-C^{14}-glucose$. The specific activity per gram of plasma lipid carbon atom per injected dose per kg body weight increased gradually following the time after injection until 120 minutes, whereas the glucose activity decreased logarithmically. The partial incorporation quotient of activity in plasma lipid from that of glucose was 0.73% until 120 minutes after the injection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.12-20
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• 1984

This research was performed to estimate the properties of particleboard based on the press time and temperature which was made of chip of larch that grows in Korea. The results in this study were as follows: 1) Even though the chips, 1:1-35 ratio between length and thickness, are relatively bad condition, the surface smoothness that can easily spread the adhesive evenly and thoroughly and bonding ability of chips can give proper physical properties. 2) It shows more mechanical properties at the press time of 10 min. in MOR (Modulus of Rupture), MOE (Modulus of Elasticity) and SHA (Screw Holding Ability). 3) It is not significant according to the press time 20 min. in MOR, IBS (Internal Bonding Strength) and SHA, for the reciprocal actions between the accelerating aging effect of chip and the softening effect of adhesion are occured. 4) IBS is rising according to the increasing temp at the press time of 10 min. Because it needs to transfer the plate heat to make the proper hardening temp. In the layer. 5) The heat treatment effects have greatly influenced the stahility of dimension by falling the absorption, anisotropy and inhomegenity. As a result of these the values of thickness and linear expansion ratio were respectively dropped by the increase of press temp and the time and so did absorption.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.83-88
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• 1969

94 Cellulase producing strains were isoated from soils, composts, rotten woods and straws, and gastric contents and feces of herbivorous animals in various places. Among them, the strain MC-9, MC-10, MC-53 and MC-61 were found to be highly active in the degradation of carboxy methyl cellulose. Their cultural conditions adequate for the cellulase formation and effects of inorganic salts and various organic substances added to the wheat bran media were investigated. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Optimum conditions for the cellulase formation were MC-9: pH 5.5, temp. $35^{\circ}C$, incubation time 5 days, MC-10: pH 5.5-6.0, temp. $30^{\circ}C$, incubation time 5 days, MC-53: pH 3.5, temp. $30^{\circ}C$, incubation time 5 days, MC-61: pH 3.5-4.0, temp. 30-$35^{\circ}C$, incubation time 5 days. 2. Their cellulase activity in their optimum conditions were MC-9: CMC-LP(liquefying power). 87.7%, CMC-SP(saccharifying power) 3.20 glucose mg./gm. of the cultures/min., MC-10: CMC-LP 82.9%, CMC-SP 2.48 glucose mg./gm. of the cultures/min., MC-53: CMC-LP 72.4%, CMC-SP 1.76 glucose mg./gm. of the cultures/min., MC-61: CMC-LP 87.1%, CMC-SP 2.08 glucose mg./gm. of the cultures/min. 3. Additions of inorganic salts to the wheat bran media were not significant for the cellulase formation, but additions of soybean film and orange-peel pomace promoted the CMC-liquefying power 3 to 5 percent in wheat bran cultures of the strains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.61-63
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• 1978

Both bark and wood sections obtained, by cutting with a razor blade, from living tissue of Cronartium ribicola cankers of Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) were transferred to a mixture of 2 parts of chloroform and 1 part of methanol, and the sections were stained using a modified lactophenol cotton blue. The formula for this staining is as follows: Lactic acid 20gm, phenol crystal 20gm, cotton blue 0.05gm, and 60% EtOH 100ml. The rust hyphae and haustoria were stained blue, and the wide hyphae with straight or curved haustoria could be distingwished from the pine tissue.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1971

Effects of perchloric acid (PCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) on the color generation by orcinol reaction were systematically investigated. When the concentration of PCA on hot acid treatment was varied from 1 through 5 to 10%, and then the concentration of PCA on orcinol reaction was adjusted to 5% of reaction volume, no difference in the color generation was observed between 5 and 10% of PCA, but clearly observed between 1 and 5% PCA. When RNA was treated in 5% hot PCA and then PCA concentrations on orcinol reaction were adjusted to 5% and 10%, respectively, remarkable differences in color generation were observed. When RNA was treated in 10% hot PCA and then PCA concentration on orcinol reaction was adjusted to 5% no difference in color generation between 5% and 10% hot acid treatment was observed. The results show that PCA concentration must be adjusted prior to orcinol reaction.