• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.46-56
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• 2004

As economic cooperation and exchanges between North and South Korea have been glowing much more than before, the demand for geographic information on North Korea is recently increasing. In fact, there is no specific method to be provided with geographic information on North Korea. In this regard, the study searched a method to collect geographic information on North Korea by using the high spatial resolution satellite image. In order to produce its best result, the study collected the geographic information on the case study area and ensured the location accuracy. This study produced total 52 items of geographic information on North Korea. Horizontal and vertical errors of stereo image, which are 4.6m and 0.9m respectively, showed high accuracy. In addition, even though the horizontal error of single image is 9m, which is bigger than that of stereo image, there is no doubt that it can be used as basic data for North Korean studies and related projects.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.134-142
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• 2005

In building geographic information for North Korea, we proposed the method of using SPOT-5 image, designed geographic information layers, and inspected the location accuracy. Basically this study is similar to existing method in which uses GCPs to build geographic information from SPOT-5 satellite imagery. However, this study adopted a different method of GCP acquisition. The GCP used in this study is a triangulation point which was made at Japanese imperialism eras. The location accuracy error was 8.755 meters horizontally, which satisfied the tolerance of 17.5 meters in the 1:25,000 scale public survey guidance. In conclusion, we suggest that geographic information for North Korea can be built from SPOT-5 images with the triangulation point made in Japanese imperialism times.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2007

Recently, the South and North Korea have collaborated in the economic cooperation. Success for the cooperation of the South and North Korea has supported the basic and fundamental GIS data building for geographic information (GI) and the land-use of the North Korea. This North Korea GIS project is also vital to facilitate rebuilding and reconnecting socio-economic infrastructures such as reconnecting road and railway networks between the South and North Korea. Thus, this paper emphasizes on the fundamental issues of GIS data building in North Korea area and suggests GI and data establishment methods of the North Korea regions which has not been achieved in GIS research activities in Korea. As the basic GI and data in the North Korea, topographical maps, satellite imageries, and thematic maps were collected and used for surveying of territorial areas of the North Korea. The database of those dataset were built by scanning, image processing, and classifying land-use types. In addition, this paper exacted vector data from the database and included the vector data into the database as other basic GI dataset that enable to analyze quantitative and qualitative territorial land use and development in the North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.189-197
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• 2007

GIS is the tool widely used for the practical solution of spatial problems in every region regardless of the language and ideology. In this paper research trends and tendencies of GIS in North Korea are reviewed compared with those in South Korea. For this purpose, academic publications on GIS in North Korea are surveyed and classified according to main subjects in GIS. Such classification by main subjects of GIS in North Korea are conducted on the basis of the classification of research trends and tendencies of GIS in South Korea. As a result, researches in North Korea are mainly focused upon such fields as geodetic surveying and measurement, map manufacture, atmospheric phenomena, agriculture and disasters, while there are few studies related to such fields as national GIS policy and circulation, GIS education, internet-based GIS, and traffic, to name but a few. Most parts of applied data are based on low and medium resolution image such as meteorological satellite images, Landsat images, and so on. This reflects the low level of the development of GIS DB infrastructure in North Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.28-37
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• 2008

In this study, we perform land surface monitoring of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) variation by using remote sensing data during 1999-2005 over North Korea, which can't easily access to measure directly land surface characteristics due to one of the world's most closed societies. North Korea forest region has most abundant forest vegetation - so called Lungs of Korea in the Korea peninsula. NDVI represents vegetation activity used in many similar studies. In this study, we detect vegetation variation and analysis factors of the change over North Korea. By using variation of NDVI, we can infer that effect of drought over North Korea, and reduced vegetation indices by typhoon in North Korea. Land surface type except barren ground with decreased NDVI value is considered as when North Korea region was suffering from drought and typhoon effects, which show lower than mean of 7-year NDVI value. Especially, in recently, the food production of North Korea with political and economical issues can be inferred indirectly these trends by using estimated output data from this study.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2001

본 연구는 지리정보시스템 및 원격탐사기법을 응용하여 북한의 자연환경을 조사하기 위한 기초연구로서 수행되었으며, 과거 약 20년 동안의 평양 및 남포지역의 산림면적의 변화 및 경관구조 변화측면에서의 산림 파편화 양상을 조사하였다. 조사자료로는 Landsat MSS 및 TM 영상의 NDVI값을 이용하였으며, 보다 정확한 피복분류를 위하여 변형된 Cluster-Busting 알고리즘을 활용하여 산림과 비산림지역으로 단순화시켜 분석하였다. 경관구조의 변화를 살피기 위해서 조각밀도, 형태 및 핵심내부지역의 면적 등의 경관지수(Landscape Indices)를 활용하였다. 분석과정을 거쳐서 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, Cluster-busting 방법을 활용한 토지피복 분류결과 87.3%의 총 분류 정확도를 얻었으며, Binary Map을 이용한 변화감지(Change Detection)기법 또한 그 결과가 정확한 것으로 판단되었다. 둘째, '79년에서 '98년에 이르는 기간동안, 평양의 경우 '79년 산림면적의 15%, 그리고 남포지역의 경우 14%가 감소하였다. 셋째, 경관지수를 이용하여 북한 산림의 파편화 변화를 조사한 결과 산림조각의 개수는 늘어나고 조각의 평균면적 및 핵심내부면적은 감소하였으며 조각크기의 다양성 또한 낮아졌다. 산림조각 형태지수 또한 매우 증가하였는데 이러한 결과들은 평양 및 남포지역의 산림조각이 파편화되고 그 형태 또한 불규칙적이며 복잡하게 변화하였음을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the forest status and deforestation area changes of the DMZ region in North Korea based on satellite images. Using growing and non-growing season's RapidEye satellite images, land cover of the North Korean DMZ was classified into stocking land(conifer, deciduous, mixed), deforested land(unstocked mountain, cultivated mountain, bare mountain), and non-forest areas. Deforestation rates in the Yeonan-baecheon, Beopdong-Pyeonggang, Heoyang-Geumgang and Tongcheon-Goseong district were calculated as 14.24%, 16.75%, 5.98%, and 16.63% respectively. Forest fire and land use change of forest were considered as the main causes of deforestation of DMZ. Changes in deforestation area were analyzed through Google Earth images. As a results, it was shown that the area of deforestation was on a decreasing trend. This study can be used as basic data for establishing inter-Korean border region's forest cooperation strategies by providing forest spatial information on the North Korea's DMZ.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-42
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to estimate the flood flow of inaccessible regions using satellite-derived rainfall and global geographic data. This study focuses on Dongsingun, an area located upstream of the Cheongcheon River in North Korea. The IFAS model was used to estimate flood flow. The model was calibrated in the Gap Stream watershed in South Korea and verified for the Byeongsung Stream watershed in the Nakdong River basin. Satellite-derived rainfalls for North Korea was revised using ground gauge data. Analysis results using CMORPH and GSMaP_NRT showed $4,886m^3/s$ and $5,718m^3/s$ respectively. In future studies, hydrological analysis in unmeasured and inaccessible regions will be carried out by applying more rainfall events.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.804-808
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• 2004

최근 정부의 적극적인 지원으로 남북한 교류사업이 본격적으로 추진되고 있고, 통일에 대한 기대감이 높아가고 있는 지금 어느때보다 북한에 내한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 그동안 북한과 관련된 인구는 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화 등 인문${\cdot}$사회과학분야가 대부분을 차지하였고, 자연과학 및 공학 대한 연구는 상대적으로 빈약한 실정이다(배덕효, 1999). 특히 수자원 관련분야는 최근 몇몇 학자들이 원격탐사 기법을 이용하여 연구를 수행한 바 있으나 그 결과는 매우 미비할 실정이다. 북한은 유역탐사 및 샘플채취 등을 위한 접근자체가 어렵기 때문에 자료의 수집 및 보정에 있어 많은 어려움이 따른다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 지금까지 문헌을 통해서만 소개된 북한지역의 유역특성에 따른 수자원 현황을 분석하기 위해 인공위성자료와 지형자료를 이용한 원격탐사(RS:Remote Sensing) 및 지리정보시스템(GIS:Geographic Information System) 기법을 이용하여 유역의 유출특성을 파악하였다. 대상유역으로 선정한 북한 예성강 유역은 수자원이 풍부하고 유역경사가 비교적 완만하게 구성되어 있다. 또한 용수이용에 있어서도 양수장을 이용하여 관개배수를 시행하는 북한지역의 일반적인 사례와는 달리 신곡저수지, 예의 저수지 등 대규모 저수지를 통한 관개를 시행하고 있어 남한유역과 유사한 점이 많기 때문에 적용에 있어 큰 무리가 없을 것이라 판단하였다. 지형자료 구축을 위한 인공위성 자료는 USGS(US Geological Survey) DEM(Digital Elevation Model) 자료를 이용하였으며, 이를 UTM(Universal Transverse Mercatro) 지구좌표계의 DEM 자료로 변환하였다. 또한 유역의 고도차를 이용한 흐름특성 분석을 위해 수치고도자료를 이용하여 유역흐름특성을 분석할 수 있는 TOPAZ(Topographic PArameteri-Zation) 프로그램을 이용하였다. TOPAZ 프로그램을 통해 분석된 각 격자별 분포형 수문 매개변수는 적합한 관계식을 통해 분포형 유출량을 모의하는데 적용된다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.409-424
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• 2004

This study examines Korean-related description from 1931 to 2002 in 18 university-level ‘World Regional Geography’ textbooks, being published as English. During this period, the amounts of Korean-related contents in world regional geography textbooks have gradually increased. The main Korean-related topics were generally ‘Colonization by Japan’, ‘Korean War’, ‘Rapid economic development in South Korea’, and ‘North Korea’. The distorted information and erroneous description about Korea were mostly found in textbooks. The national and cultural identity of Korea was severely distorted and made a fallacy by ‘accidental-centered’ thought. It is suggested that foreign geographers who refer ‘Korea’ in World Regional Geography textbooks need to critically re-examine the ways in which Korean-related contents are in proper place.