• The Journal of Aerospace Industry
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• s.67
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• pp.71-94
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• 2004

전 세계 항공 산업의 비약적인 발전과 더불어 최근에는 군사용 및 항공수송을 위해 주간뿐만 아니라 야간에도 많은 비행이 요구되고 있으며, 이에 따라 항공기 안전운행의 필요성이 크게 대두되고 있다. 이러한 항공기의 안전운행에는 다양한 기술적인 발전이 진행되어 왔고, 야간시각시스템(NVIS)의 발전 역시 항공기 조종사에게 주간과 유사한 시각적 영상정보를 제공함으로써 심리적인 불안감을 해소시키고, 운항정보에 대한 신뢰성과 적시성을 증대시키며, 야간에 항공기를 안전하게 운항하기 위해 조종사의 업무부아(work load)를 줄이기 위한 노력으로 큰 관심사가 되어왔다. 또한 이러한 NVIS를 활용한 기술은 현재 군용항공기 뿐만이 아니라. 민간용 항공기, 자동차, 카메라, 레저용 등으로 그 범위가 확대되어 보급되고 있으며, 활용도 또한 커지고 있고, 수년 전부터 국내에도 이러한 기술이 적용되어 왔기에 이러한 항공기용 야간시각시스템(NVIS)에 대한 전반적인 내용을 소개하고, 향후 국내에서 개발/적용되는 항공기의 NVIS 기술에 대한 기본적인 평가방향을 제시하고자 한다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the cumulative effect of low temperature on bud dormancy release and bud break characteristics in 'Campbell Early' grapevine (Vitis labruscana B.) cuttings grown in water culture. Additionally, we observed the development of buds while exposed to low temperatures in an attempt to improve our understanding of dormancy and bud break. The shoots were collected 120 days after full bloom (DAFB; leaf abscission period), and the accumulated chill unit (CU) value was calculated by reducing the temperature to $7.2^{\circ}C$ at 125 DAFB. The rate of bud break was 100% in shoots collected at 150 DAFB, The period until the first bud break was two times longer than in the shoots collected 165 DAFB, and bud break speed was significantly reduced. These results indicate that buds are released from endodormancy after 165 DAFB, because at this point the bud break was complete (bud break rate 100%) and it occurred in a very short time period. During this period, when the low-temperature accumulated value was 321h and 442CU according to the CH and Utah models, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate of main buds decreased rapidly after 165 DAFB, and survival rate of accessory buds was maintained at more than 90% without seasonal differences. The rate of flower bud formation of main buds was much higher than in accessory buds (1:0.23) before the release from endodormancy at 150 DAFB. The final ratio of accessory buds to main buds was high, 1:1.54, at 255 DAFB. Correlation analysis of each investigated factor revealed that bud survival rate and bud formation rate were related only for the main buds, and there was a close relationship between the survival rate of main bud and time. In addition, the survival rate of main buds was positively correlated to the rate of flower bud formation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2013

Purpose: In this study effects of a paternal participation program during cesarean section on paternal infant attachment were investigate. The experimental treatment was an integrative nursing intervention to promote father to infant attachment. Methods: Study design was a non-equivalent control group posttest design. The program consisted of emotional support to spouse and father towards infant attachment immediately following cesarean birth. Participants were 66 men, partners of women with normal full term pregnancy having a cesarean section with spinal or epidural anesthesia, (experimental group, 34; control group, 32). The experiment was carried out from August 1 to October 30, 2010. Control group data were obtained from May 1 to June 30, 2012. Posttest was performed 72 hours after cesarean birth. A self-report questionnaire including a paternal attachment instrument was used. Data were analyzed using t-test, propensity score matching, and analysis of covariance with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: Total score for paternal infant attachment in the experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p<.001). After matching, significant differences were found between the two groups through all subcategories. Adjusted mean score for paternal infant attachment verified experimental effects. Conclusion: Results indicate that this paternal participation program during cesarean section is effective in improving paternal infant attachment.

• Vending industry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-65
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• 2012

얼마전 한국자동판매기공협협회(이하:협회)에서는 유니세프에 국내 자판기 운영업체들이 어떻게 하면 기부관련 협약 체결을 할 수 있는지를 물었다. 취지를 요약하자면 "자판기 모금을 통해 착한 일을 해보고 싶어 하는 곳이 많다. 유니세프에 수익금의 일부를 기부하는 것에 관심을 갖는 곳이 있는데 어떻게 하면 참여를 할 수 있는가? 협회 차원에서 그 방법을 안내하고 싶다"는 내용이었다. 반응은 의외였다. 별로 자판기 업계가 유니세프 기부에 참여하는 것을 반기지 않았다. 좋은 일에 기부하고자 하는 선의를 무시하는 것 같아 꼬치꼬치 이유를 물었다. 유니세프 관계자는 "자판기 운영자와 협약을 맺으면 '이 자판기 수익금 중 일부(%)는 유니세프를 통해 불우한 지구촌 어린이들에게 지원됩니다'라는 문구를 사용하게 된다"고 밝히며 "그런데 그동안 기부에 참여 한다고 해놓고 문구만 사용하고 기부금은 입금하지 않는 업체가 많았다"고 말했다. 문제는 그렇게 해도 유니세프가 일일이 단속 할 수 없는 현실이라는 점. 그렇기 때문에 솔직히 자판기 운영업체가 참여를 한다고 해도 못 미더운 심정이라고 밝혔다. 아울러 이 관계자는 "협회를 통해 많은 업체가 참여할 경우 자판기를 통한 기부확산이라는 점은 긍정적이지만 염려되는 면이 있는 것이 사실이다"면서 "솔직히 협회차원에서 나서서 협약 안내를 하지 않았으면 한다"입장을 밝혔다. 부아가 치밀었지만 현실이 잘못되어 있는 점은 어쩔 수 없는 일이다. 유니세프 쪽에서 자판기 분야의 참여업체가 선례가 오죽 좋지 않았으면 그런 입장을 표명했을까?

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2002

The morphorogical characteristics of the Morus tiliaefolia growing wild in the Korean peninsula are as follows. The chromosome number of somatic cell is 2n=84,that is hexaploid. The shape of male inflorescence is a long cylinder shape of 3.6∼6.0 cm. The length of female inflorescence is 1.8 cm, red violet or violet and the weight of mulberry fruits is 1.39∼1.65 g. The winter bud is very big in comparison with the branch and the accessory bud does not exist. The leaf is big and lobed leaf or entire leaf, the density of lenticell is 9.42$\pm$1.29 ㎠. The length of leaf trichome is 236∼438 ㎛ and the distribution density is 16∼37/25 ㎟ and heigh density of leaf back. The trichome shape of the leaf surface is cylinder shaped, in the leaf back it is thin and long corn shaped.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2011

The germination of the buds in 'Hongisul' grapes is poor and especially the high ratio of shoots where the flowers failed to emerge it was difficult to secure a sufficient amount of harvest. Thus, in this study, the necrosis and the periodical change in the buds were observed morphologically and also the cause of necrosis of the bud was investigated in order to understand what was causing the low germination and flowering. There was no change in the size of the bud after June and based upon external observation, there wasn't any retrogression or withering. However, based on a microscopic examination, the ratio of whole bud and main bud necrosis of the 'Hongisul' grapes continued to increase after August, and specially the ratio of the main bud necrosis continued to increase up to October. As for the size of the buds on the shoots, the buds located on the $1^{st}-3^{rd}$ nodes from the basal part were small whereas the buds located on the $4-10^{th}$ nodes were comparatively larger in its size. The ratio of necrosis of the bud was the highest at the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ bud, meaning that the buds located at the basal part of the shoot were defective compared to those located at the end of the shoot. It was also found that when the growth of the shoot is active and the shoot diameter is thick, it hindered the development of the buds. Therefore, it was judged that long pruning of 'Hongisul' grapes would help the emergence of the flowers as you could use the buds that have comparatively developed better.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1285-1299
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• 2013

Nurturing students' scientific creativity is considered an important element in science education in Korea. The study aims to explore patterns displayed by well-known scientists in their quest for problem finding. Each case of scientists' course of problem solving is described in terms of historical background, a process of problem finding, and a process of problem solving. There are five patterns from ten scientists which are as follows: Pattern 1 is that scientists find problems from insufficiencies and/or errors from explanation of theories at the time and the related cases are A. Lavoisier, G. Mendel, and J. Watson. Pattern 2 shows that scientists find a problem because of strange phenomena unexplained by theories at the time, and here important case studies are E. Rutherford and W. R$\ddot{o}$ntgen. Pattern 3 demonstrates that scientists find a problem from analogical reasoning between known theories and unknown science phenomena. The cases include S. Carnot and T. Young. Pattern 4 points to the fact that scientists find a problem while they utilize a newly invented experimental instrument. Here, G. Galilei is an important example. Pattern 5 establishes that scientists happen to find a problem while they conduct research projects. The works of M. Faraday and J. Kepler are prominent case studies related to this pattern.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: The buds of persimmon trees are susceptible to cold damage, often with the late frost, at the time of budburst. This study was conducted to determine effect of the cold damage on shoot and fruit growth the current season. METHODS AND RESULTS: 'Fuyu' trees, grown in 50-L pots, were placed for 1 h at $-2.2{\pm}0.5$, $-2.6{\pm}0.5$, or $-3.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ within a cold storage, at their budburst on April 5. Some trees under ambient temperature at $10-17^{\circ}C$ served as the control. Cold damage of the buds containing flower buds was 54% at $-2.2^{\circ}C$, and significantly increased to 95% at $-3.0^{\circ}C$. The bud damage included the complete death of all, complete death of main buds only, or the late and deformed shoot growth in the spring. Number of flower buds in early May dramatically decreased as the damage ratio increased. Since the thinning of flower buds in mid-May and fruitlets in early July was done in no or slightly damaged trees, the final number of fruits and yield did not decrease compared with the control when the damage increased by 60% and 70%, respectively. Average fruit weight and skin coloration tended to be better with increasing bud damage. Shoot growth was more vigorous in those trees whose buds were severely damaged by low temperature. CONCLUSION(S): Shoot growth and the yield may depend on the number of flower buds and percent fruit set after the cold damage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-75
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• 1990

The tzeam is the one of steaming cook that boiled the main material of poultry. meat and the sub-material of vegetables. It is always setted on the main-table in above seven chup ban sang and also kyoja sang. In this thesis, according to the kinds of tzeam in the main material of poultry, meat was to analysis reference frequency to them the materials, the measuring unit of materials, the terms of cooking and kitchen utensil by 47 books published in Korea from 1420 to 1987. 1. It was 37 kinds of tzeam in the main material of poultry, meat. 2. Materials were classified into the main-material, sub-materials, seasioning and decorations. 3. There were 43 kinds of measuring units, of them 18 kinds were for volume, 12 kinds were for quantity, 4 kinds were for length and the rest measuring units were 9 kinds. 4. There were 26 kinds of kitchen utensil for cooking. They were mainly used a hab 1 rice ball with lids, and castles (cast iron castle). 5. There were 27 kinds of cooking terms. The terms of them, 11 kinds were for heating methods, 16 terms of them were for the cutting process.