• Journal of the KSME
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.573-580
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• 1989

현재 한국의 자동차 공업은 80년대 초반부터 급격한 발전으로 세계의 다른 자동차 생산국으로부 터 경계의 대상이 되고 있다. 그러나 그 내면을 살펴보면 아직도 중요한 기술은 거의 대부분 일 본이나 독일, 미국 등 자동차 선진국의 기술에 의존하고 있으며 특히 엔진 분야는 대부분 외국 기술에 의존하고 있다고 해도 과언이 아니다. 엔진은 자동차 생산원가의 약 30%를 차지하며 자동차의 성능을 좌우하는 경우 기술료 지급은 물론이며 부품구매 선택의 여지가 없어진다. 또한 요즈음과 같이 상품의 수명주기가 짧게 되어 가는 추세 하에서는 시장의 요구에 대처해나가는 엔지니어링 적응력이 부족하게 되면 결국 경쟁성을 상실하게 된다. 그러나 이러한 문제점을 인 식하면서도 80년대 초까지 독자적인 엔진개발을 하지 못했던 원인은 크게 2가지로 분석할 수 있다. 첫째는 한국의 자동차 회사들의 기술 축적의 미약과 둘째는 독자개발의 낮은 투자효율성 이다. 즉 엔진과 변속기를 기술 도입할 때 기술료 지급은 자동차 생산댓수당 5-6만원에 달하지만 엔진과 변속기를 독자개발시의 투자비는 약 300-500억원에 달하므로 간단한 산술적 계산으로는 모델당 100만대를 생산하여야만 투자의 가치가 있는 것으로 보여진다. 물론 위에서 언급한 바와 같은 여러 가지 요인에 의하면 이 숫자보다 훨씬 적은 생산량으로도 경쟁성이 확보될 것으로 예상된다. 이제 한국의 자동차 생산량도 연간 백만 대를 상회하는 수준이며 앞으로도 급격한 양과 질적인 팽창이 기대되고 있는 시점에 자동차 메이커들은 각사 모두 독자적인 고유 엔진 개발을 착수하였으며 일부 회사는 이미 성공을 거두어 양산 준비를 하고 있는 것으로 알고 있다. 그러나 아직도 엔진의 설계부터 양산까지 걸리는 기간이 타 선진 메이커에 비하면 상당히 길며 이로 인해 신제품의 경쟁력 저하가 우려되고 있는 상태이다. 이러한 문제점 해결에 도움을 주기 위해서 학계는 기업체의 기술 개발방향과 전략을 이해하는 것이 필요하다.grightarrow$cn-semistratifiable over$\longrightarrow$semistratifiable over $\alpha$ 2, 어떤 공간이 cn-Semistratifiable over $\alpha$이기 위한 필요충분 조건은 그것이 linearly cushioned cn-pairnet를 갖는 것이다. 3. cn-semistratifiable over $\alpha$의 부분공간 역시 cn-semistratifiabie over $\alpha$ 하다. 4. on-semistratifiable over $\alpha$의 유한개의 적공간 역시 cn-semistratifiabie over $\alpha$한다. 5. 폐 cn-semistratifiable over $\alpha$ 부분공간들의 합공간 역시 on-semistrbtifiable over $\alpha$ 하다. 6. 폐연속 net-cevering 함수에 의하여 cn-semistratifiable over $\alpha$ 성질이 보존된다. 보잘것이 없었고, 현재에도 각 시도별 또는 대학주관의 경시대회가 있으나 거국적인 호응을 받지 못했다. 물론 국제 대회에 참석시키는 것은 엄두도 내지 않았다.로 나타났다. 4. 코코넛과 소나무수피의 경우 암모니아 가스에 대한 흡착 능력은 거의 비슷한 것으로 사료되며, 코코넛의 경우 전량을 수입에 의존하고 있다는 점에서 국내 조달이 용이하며, 구입 비용도 적게 소요되는 소나무수피를 사용하는 것이 경제적이라고 사료된다. 5. 마지막으로 악취제거 미생물균주를 접종한 소나무수피 50%와 펄라이트 30%의 혼합재료를 24시간 동안 장기간 운전 실험을 수행한 결과 암모니아 99.06%, 황화수소 96.61%의 제거

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.465-476
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• 2012

The Anatolia peninsula consists of several continental fragments that include the Pontide Block in north and the Anatolide-Touride Block in south as well as the Arabian Platform in southeast. These continental blocks were joined together into a single landmass in the late Tertiary. During most of the Phanerozoic these continental blocks were separated by paleo-oceans, such as Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys. The Pontide Block in north show Laurasian affinities, and was only slightly affected by the Alpide orogeny; they preserve evidence for the Variscan and Cimmeride orogenies. The Pontic Block is composed of the Strandja, Istanbul and Sakarya zones that were amalgamated into a single terrane by the mid Cretaceous times. The Anatolide-Tauride Block in south shows Gondwana affinities but was separated from Gondwana in the Triassic and formed an extensive carbonate platform during the Mesozoic. The Anatolide-Tauride Block was intensely deformed and partly metamorphosed during the Alpide orogeny; this leads to the subdivision of the Anatolide-Tauride Block into several zones on the basis of the type and age of metamorphism and deformation. The Arabian Platform in southeast forms the northernmost extension of the Arabian Plate that shows a stratigraphy similar to the Anatolide-Tauride Block with a clastic-carbonate dominated Palaeozoic and a carbonate dominated Mesozoic succession. A new tectonic era started in Anatolia Peninsula in the Oligocene-Miocene after the final amalgamation of these continental blocks and plate. This neotectonic phase is characterized by extension, and strike-slip faulting, continental sedimentation, and widespread calcalkaline magmatism, which played a very important role in producing beautiful landscapes of the Anatolia Peninsula today.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.169-188
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• 2019

This study was carried out unmanned aerial photography and terrestrial laser scanning to establish digital database on original wall of Gyejoksanseong fortress, and measured ground control points for continuity of the monitoring. It also performed precise examination with the naked eye, unmanned aerial photogrammetry, endoscopy, total station and handy measurement to examine the structural stability of the original walls. The ground control points were considered as a point where visual field can be secured, 3 points were selected around each of the south and north walls. For the right side of the south original wall, aerial photogrammetry was conducted using drones and a deviation analysis of 3-dimensional digital models was performed for short-term monitoring. As a result, the two original walls were almost matched in range within 5mm, and no difference indicating displacement of stones was found, except for partial deviation. Regular monitoring of the areas with structural deformation such as bulging, weak and fracture zone by precisely examining with the naked eye and using high-resolution photo data revealed no distinct change. The inner foundation observed through endoscopy found out that filling stones of the original walls were still remained, while most filling soil was lost. As a result of measuring the total station focusing around the points with structural deformation on the original walls, the maximum displacements of the north and south walls were somewhat high with 6.6mm and 3.8mm, respectively, while the final displacements were relatively stable at below 2.9mm and 1.4mm, respectively. Handy measurement also did not reveal clear structural deformation with displacements below 0.82mm at all points. Even though the results of displacement monitoring on the original walls are stable, it is hard to secure structural stability due to the characteristics of ramparts where sudden brittle fracture occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct conservational scientific diagnosis, precise monitoring, and structural analysis based on the 3-dimensional figuration information obtained in this research.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.87-102
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop regional dance contents in order to receive attention from the region and re-illuminate the peacock fan, the intangible cultural property of Seocheon, Chungnam, which has been preserved in history and has been preserved in the face of rapid urbanization and modernization. The representative four series are composed of one-person dance, two-person dance, military dance, and creative dance. The titles of each piece are basic dance , male and female love dance , military dance , and finally Korean creative dance . The commonality of the four series is the traditional dance using peacock fan, and each dance showed unique emotion and atmosphere through different themes and music, costumes, and stages. It was found that the development of regional dance contents re-created reflecting the characteristics of regional cultural heritage should create an environment that can be steadily revitalized through modernization. Through this study, it was found that the intangible cultural properties, which are our traditional cultural resources, have unlimited potential to contribute to enhancing regional and national competitiveness along with the growth potential of regional differentiation. Through such research, if existing cultural resources are preserved for globalization and produced as contents that can be easily accessed by the public, various contents besides regional dance using regional unique culture can be developed and utilized.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.285-307
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• 2004

Synthesize and examine petrological characteristic and geochemical characteristic by weathering formation of rock and progress of weathering laying stress on stone cultural properties of Unjusa temple of Chonnam Hwasun county site in this research. Examine closely weathering element that influence mechanical, chemical, mineralogical and physical weathering of rocks that accomplish stone cultural properties and these do quantification, wish to utilize by a basic knowledge for conservation scientific research of stone cultural properties by these result. Enforced component analysis of rock and mineralogical survey about 18 samples (pyroclastic tuff; 7, ash tuff; 4, granite ; 4, granitic gneiss; 3) all to search petrological characteristic and geochemical characteristic by weathering of Unjusa temple precinct stone cultural properties and recorded deterioration degree about each stone cultural properties observing naked eye. Major rock that constitution Unjusa temple one great geological features has strike of N30-40W and dip of 10-20NE being pyroclastic tuff. This pyroclastic tuff is ranging very extensively laying center on Unjusa temple and stone cultural properties of precinct is modeled by this pyroclastic tuff. Stone cultural propertieses of present Unjusa temple precinct are accomplishing structural imbalance with serious crack, and because weathering of rock with serious biological pollution is gone fairly, rubble break away and weathering and deterioration phenomenon such as fall off of a particle of mineral are appearing extremely. Also, a piece of iron and cement mortar of stone cultural properties everywhere are forming precipitate of reddish brown and light gray being oxidized. About these stone cultural properties, most stone cultural propertieses show SD(severe damage) to MD(moderate damage) as result that record Deterioration degree. X-ray diffraction analysis result samples of each rock are consisted of mineral of quartz, orthoclase,plagioclase, calcite, magnetite etc. Quartz and feldspar alterated extremely in a microscopic analysis, and biotite that show crystalline form of anhedral shows state that become chloritization that is secondary weathering mineral being weathered. Also, see that show iron precipitate of reddish brown to crack zone of tuff everywhere preview rock that weathering is gone deep. Tuffs that accomplish stone cultural properties of study area is illustrated to field of Subalkaline and Peraluminous, $SiO_2$(wt.%) extent of samples pyroclastic tuff 70.08-73.69, ash tuff extent of 70.26-78.42 show. In calculate Chemical Index of Alteration(CIA) and Weathering Potential Index(WPI) about major elements extent of CIA pyroclastic tuff 55.05-60.75, ash tuff 52.10-58.70, granite 49.49-51.06 granitic gneiss shows value of 53.25-67.14 and these have high value gneiss and tuffs. WPI previews that is see as thing which is illustrated being approximated in 0 lines and 0 lines low samples of tuffs and gneiss is receiving esaily weathering process as appear in CIA. As clay mineral of smectite, zeolite that is secondary weathering produce of rock as result that pick powdering of rock and clothing material of stone cultural properties observed by scanning electron micrographs (SEM). And roots of lichen and spore of hyphae that is weathering element are observed together. This rock deep organism being coating to add mechanical weathering process of stone cultural properties do, and is assumed that change the clay mineral is gone fairly in stone cultural properties with these. As the weathering of rocks is under a serious condition, the damage by the natural environment such as rain, wind, trees and the ground is accelerated. As a counter-measure, the first necessary thing is to build the ground environment about protecting water invasion by making the drainage and checking the surrounding environment. The second thing are building hardening and extirpation process that strengthens the rock, dealing biologically by reducing lichens, and sticking crevice part restoration using synthetic resin. Moreover, it is assumed to be desirable to build the protection facility that can block wind, sunlight, and rain which are the cause of the weathering, and that goes well with the surrounding environment.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.24
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• pp.1-16
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• 2020

This paper presents the process of re-conservation and the results of research on the production method of the Iron Sword with Ring Pommel with Three-Pointed Leaf Decoration, one of the excavation findings from Tomb No. 55 in the Dalseong Ancient Tomb Complex in Daegu. This iron sword is a double weapon with two large swords housed within a single sheath. Four smaller swords are attached to the surface of the sheath, two on the upper portion and the other two below. It is the only such two-in-one weapon excavated intact thus far from an ancient Korean tomb. The records show that it underwent conservation treatment twice in the past. In this study, it was subjected to conservation treatment again to replace the stiffener in some cracking areas, and its material, composition, and production method were analyzed by CT, XRF analysis, and stereoscopic microscopy. The sword is mainly made of copper, but the golden component contains both gold and mercury, which suggests that the copper was plated in gold using mercury amalgamation. The examination of the production methods indicates that it was intended more to demonstrate the authority of its owner rather than to serve any practical use. The two upper small swords on the sheath were made in the same manner as the main swords, and the two small lower swords were cut from a single metal sheet. The sheath was made by cutting two metal sheets. Supports were used to attach the two small swords to the upper portion of the sheath, while the lower portion of the sheath was slit to allow the other two small swords to be inserted into it. The ring pommels of the main swords have a three-pointed leaf decoration. As for the other designs, the handle of the main sword features a series of semicircles, the decorative bands on the sheath have waves in dots, and the fish tail of the sheath shows diagonal lines of dots.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1992

Whole rock and mineral ages for the Jecheon Granite distributed in the Ogcheon Fold Belt were dated by three radiometric methods, and its thermal history was elucidated as follows, on the basis of isotopic age data. Rb and Sr isotopic compositions of three whole rock and seven mineral concentrates made an isochron of 202.7${\pm}$ 1.9 Ma with a strontium initial ratio of 0.7140. Different age data of twelve mineral concentrates agree closely with the retention temperature of each mineral in K-Ar and Fission Track methods. The Jecheon granitic magma was generated by partial melting of crustal materials (S-type), or by mixins between mantle and crustal materials, intruded into the katazone or mesozone (7∼9 km) of the Ogcheon Fold Belt, at least in the Early Jurassic (about 203 Ma), and then crystallized and cooled down rapidly from about 600$^{\circ}C$ to 300$^{\circ}C$ (more than 20$^{\circ}C$/Ma), owing to thermal differences between the magma and the wall-rock. During the Middle to Late Jurassic (190∼140 Ma), the cooling of the granite was likely to stop and keep thermal equilibrium with the wall-rock. The severe tectonism associated with igneous activities and active weathering on the surface in Early to Late Cretaceous time (140∼70 Ma) might have accelerated the granite pluton to uplift rapidly (40∼60 m/Ma in average) up to 3∼4 km and cooled down from 300$^{\circ}C$ to 200$^{\circ}C$ (1.4 $^{\circ}C$/Ma). The granite pluton was likely to keep different uplifting and cooling rate of about 120 m/Ma and 5$^{\circ}C$/Ma in average from the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary (70∼50 Ma), and about 60 m/Ma and 2$^{\circ}C$/Ma in average from about 50 Ma up to the present, respectively.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.332-340
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of periodontal ligament cell in rat teeth using slow cryopreservation method with magnetic field through MTT assay and TUNEL test. For each group, 12 teeth of 4 weeks old white female Sprague-Dawley rat were used for MTT assay, and 6 teeth in TUNEL test. The Maxillary left and right, first and second molars were extracted as atraumatically as possible under tiletamine anesthesia. The experimental groups were group1 (immediately extraction), group 2 (cold preservation at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 1 week), group 3 (rapid cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen), group 4 (slow cryopreservation with magnetic field of 1 G), and group 5 (slow cryopreservation). F medium was used as preservation medium and 10% DMSO as cryoprotectant. After preservation and thawing, the MTT assay and TUNEL test were processed. One way ANOVA and Scheffe method were performed at the 95% level of confidence. The value of optical density obtained after MTT analysis was divided by the value of eosin staining for tissue volume standardization. In both MTT assay and TUNEL test, it had showed no significant difference among group 3, 4, and 5. And group 3 had showed higher viability of periodontal ligament cell than group 2. From this study, slow cryopreservation method with magnetic field can be used as one of cryopreservation methods.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.945-954
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• 2019

Cultural property is a valuable asset that connects the past with the present, and cultural heritage is now included in the international agenda of disaster risk reduction. Accordingly, the importance of building resilience of cultural assets has been on the rise, and the necessity of spatial information has been emphasized in building resilience. Therefore, in this study, A methodology for studying the resilience contained in cultural assets through linkage with historical map and time series spatial information is proposed and the proposed methodology was applied to cultural assets located in Gongju area. Georeferencing was performed on time-series images of aerial images and topographical map, and the changes in cultural assets and surrounding areas were found. The width of the river has changed due to the installation of the Keum River Estuary Dam and the dammed pool for irrigation. Nevertheless, the main cultural assets and monuments are located in the high-altitude area and thus have been well preserved. In this study, cultural property resilience was extracted using only map data and in future, it is necessary to conduct research to extract cultural property resilience through analysis of historical records such as geography.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.17
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

The gold buckle excavated from Seogam-ri Tomb No. 9(National Treasure No. 189), one of the oldest gold artifacts discovered within the Korean Peninsula, was created using granulation techniques. The buckle is made with 22.8K gold sheets and features a decorative design with seven dragons in repousse metalwork. The outlines of the dragons and the edge of the buckle are finished with 23.8K gold wires and granules. Some curved sections of the buckle are also covered with an extra sheet of 23.8K gold, possibly added to repair defects discovered during production or thereafter. Gold wire used to render the dragon's nostrils is slightly lower in purity(23.3K) and was probably preferred in this case due to its increased hardness. As a result, the metal is better able to retain the complex shape of the dragons' nostrils, created by rolling gold wire into spirals. The buckle's gold granules are found in small, medium and large sizes and are presumed to have been bonded using copper. The foreheads and the bodies of the seven dragons are inset with turquoise and the eyes are decorated with red cinnabar/vermillion(HgS).