• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.161-173
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• 2020

In-depth interview in the field of hospitality industry services was conducted in COVID- 19. Introduction of kiosks for non-face-to-face services using untact technology, reservation, pay systems, self-service, service improvement using room service should be carried out. It is also necessary to implement Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, P-blogs, online broadcasting and live commerce through the establishment of m-channel system through untact marketing sales channels in the hospitality industry now that the product composition to solve the pro -blem of untact marketing is drawing attention due to diversification of online sales channe -ls. Now, the recognition of important elements of service education and a establishment of differentiated system of untact marketing, expansion of untact sale channel, implementation of non-face-to-face counseling service and introduction of pre-booking, telecommuting were recognized as urgent parts. In particular, a service differentiation and importance of human services, which were recognized free of charge, have re-recognized as premium, and quality service aspect of the hospitality industry in untact and the direction to diversify marketing channels are presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.990-995
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• 2020

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon primary immune deficiency caused by phagocytes defective in oxygen metabolite production. It results in recurrent bacterial or fungal infections. Herein, we present a case of CGD with a large pulmonary granuloma in a neonate and review the imaging findings. The patient was a 24-day-old neonate admitted to the hospital with fever. A round opacified lesion was identified on the chest radiograph. Subsequent CT and MRI revealed a round mass with heterogeneous enhancement in the right lower lobe. There were foci of diffusion restriction in the mass. Surgical biopsy of the mass revealed chronic granuloma. Finally, the neonate was diagnosed with CGD caused by mutation of the gp91^phox gene. Herein, we present the clinical and imaging findings of this unusual case of CGD.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.291-297
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• 1996

Purpose : This study was performed to evaluate survival, failure patterns, and prognostic factors of MMR patients after radiation therapy. We also discussed the need for chemotherapy. Materials and Methods : A retrospective analysis was done for 23 patients with MMR who were treated with radiation therapy from June 1985 to November 1992. There were 19 male and 4 female patients, The patients' age ranged from 17 to 71 years (median 39 years). Systemic symptoms including fever, weight loss, or malaise were found in $30\%$ of the patients. The nasal cavity was most frequently involved No patients had nodal involvement at diagnosis. There were 2 patients with distant metastasis at presentation. Radiation therapy was delivered five times a week, 1.8 Gy daily, total $45\~54$ Gy (median 50.4 Gy) using 6 MV X-ray No patients received chemotherapy as initial treatment. Results : Overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were $52.4\%$ and $44.1\%$, respectively. Seventy Percent(12/17) of the patients achieved complete response to radiotherapy, and $29.4\%$ (5/17) achieved partial response. The Patients with complete response showed a better 5-year survival rate than those with partial response ($66.9\%$ vs. $20\%$. p=0.004). Symptom duration before diagnosis, the presence of systemic symptom, and the number of primary sites had no influence on survival. The patterns of failure were as follows: local failure(1), failure in adjacent site(1), local and distant failure(1) distant metastasis(2). and conversion to malignant lymphoma(1). We could not find factors associated with the patterns of failure. Conclusion : The most important facto associated with survival was the response to radiotherapy. Seventeen percent of the patients had distant metastasis, and the salvage after distant metastasis was not successful. However. about $50\%$ of the patients could achieve long-term survival with local radiation therapy alone. Therefore, chemotherapy of MMR should be done after a prospective randomized study for the factors associated with distant metastasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.700-712
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• 1996

Transpulmonary sequestration of leukocyte following cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) has been recognized as one of main causes of postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a single dose of prebypass corticosteroid on pulmonary leukostasis and postoperative pulmonary dysfunction. The study was performed prospectively in randomized-blind fas ion for 50 patients from January 1995 to June 1995. All patients were divided into two groups; In the steroid group(n=25), corticosteroid(Solu-Medrol 30mg1kg) was injected prior to CPB and in the placebo group (n=25), normal saline was injected before CPB. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Total peripheral leukocyte counts decreased significantly at 5 minutes of CPB in all patients(P<0.01), and began to increase progressively at later periods of CPB with neutrophilia. The significant rise remained at postoperative 7th day. 2. During partial CPB, transpulmonary leukostasis occurred in placebo group(P< 0.001), whereas it was prevented in steroid group. 3. In both groups, peripheral Lymphocyte counts were stable during CPB, but began to reduce at time of intensive care unit(ICV) and the Iymphocytopenia remained until postoperative )rd day. The Iympho- cyte counts recovered on postoperative 7th day. 4. In both groups, peripheral counts of monocyte were relatively stable in the e rly peroid of CPB, and increased gradually in the later periods of CPB. This significant monocytosis remained throughout postoperative periods(P< 0.05). 5. The mean value of postoperative PaOa was lower than that of pre-CPB In placebo group(P=0.01), but in steroid group, there was no significant difference(P=0. 90) and fever was higher in placebo group compared to steroid group(P=0.001).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.234-241
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• 2009

Purpose : We investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL-6) and N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods : Serum levels of thyroid hormone, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and NT-proBNP were measured in 52 KD patients in the acute and subacute phase and 10 patients with acute febrile illness (control group). TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Echocardiography was performed to detect coronary artery lesions (CAL) in KD patients. Results : Low $T_3$ syndrome occurred in 63.5% of KD patients. $T_3$ in the acute phase of KD was lower than that in the control. In KD patients, $T_3$ was lowered in the acute phase and elevated in the subacute phase, whereas TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and NT-proBNP were elevated in the acute phase and decreased in the subacute phase. NT-proBNP, and IL-6 were higher in patients with low $T_3$ than in those with normal $T_3$. In addition, $T_3$ inversely correlated with IL-6 and NT-proBNP. Of the 4 patients with CAL, 3 had very low $T_3$. Compared with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-responsive patients, IVIG-resistant patients had lower $T_3$ and higher IL-6 and NT-proBNP. Conclusion : $T_3$ decreases in the acute phase of KD and normalizes in the subacute phase without thyroid hormone replacement. Low $T_3$ may be partially induced by IL-6 rather than TNF-${\alpha}$, and is strongly associated with high NT-proBNP. $T_3$ in KD may be used for the differential diagnosis, monitoring the activity of the disease, and predicting the severity of inflammation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.465-472
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• 2005

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second-line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel ($Taxotere^{(R)}$) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either $75mg/m^2$ or $100mg/m^2$, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression-free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. ${\geq}60years$: 6.6 months, p = 0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment-related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.475-484
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• 2002

Background : Unresectable non-small cell lung cancer has a poor response to chemotherapy and has an unfortunate prognosis. More effective and less toxic cytotoxic agents are needed to improve the outcome of these patients. The efficacy and safety of vinorelbine monotherapy in these advanced lung cancer patients was evaluanted. Materials and Methods : Sixteen patients with non-small cell lung cancer in stage III or IV, who received vinorelbine alone as an initial anticancer chemotherapy from June 1996 to December 2000 were enrolled in this study. Vinorelbine was given intravenously at a dose 30mg/$m^2$ every week. Results : A mong the sixteen patients, six had a partial response(38%) and the median survival was 16 weeks. The median response duration was 27 weeks (95% CI 6-47), and the time to progression was 16 weeks(95% CI 6-26). Among a total of 112 cycles, neutropenia(WHO grade 3 or 4) and anemia(grade 3) occurred in 9% and 3%, respectively. Only 1 patient required hospitalization for neutropenic fever. Non-hematologic toxicity was minor and was easily controlled. Conclusion : Vinorelbine monotherapy was well tolerated, and moderately effective in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.1354-1361
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• 2005

Purpose : Rotavirus is an enteric pathogen that affects millions of children globally each year. But no specific therapy is available for the management of rotavirus diarrhea. Due to the clear need to define improved modality for treatment of rotavirus diarrhea, we evaluated the efficacy of antirotavirus IgY in the treatment of infants and children with gastroenteritis. Methods : First, the amount of viral particle in the stools of thirteen patients(seven were given IgY, 6 placebo) infected by rotavirus were evaluated for 3 days with the quantitative RT-PCR method. Second, 36 children with known rotavirus infection identified by ELISA or semi-quantitative RT-PCR were evaluated. We gave 5 g anti-rotavirus egg yolk daily in two equally divided doses for 3 days to two groups(an 18 IgY group and an 18 placebo group), respectively after parenteral consent. Daily vomiting frequency, stool frequency, oral intake and urine output were monitored for 3 days, and electrolyte and blood chemistry were checked at the first and third days. Results : First, in the placebo group, the amount of virus particles increased daily, but in the IgY group it decreased daily. Second, when IgY and placebos were given to children infected with rotavirus, diarrhea on the third day decreased significantly in the IgY group, compared with the placebo group. Conclusion : Treatment with antirotavirus immunoglobulin from immunized chicken's egg resulted in a decrease in the amount of viral particles in stools and diarrhea frequency in children. These results suggest that anti-rotavirus IgY is effective in the treatment of rotavirus gastroenteritis.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2005

Nanocrystalline Nd-Fe-B powder was synthesized by a new thermochemical process that combined with past reduction-diffusion process and spray-dry process. In this process, Ca reduction process is vary important due to formation of hard magnetic$Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B$ phase from various oxides by Ca powder. Therefore, the final products are essentially affected a shape, size, and composition etc. of the Ca reduced powders. Ca reduction was performed to way that raw powders just mixed with Ca powder in proper ratio unlike to compress into compact. The powders after mixture-type Ca reduction mainly composited with $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B$ phase even relativily low reaction temperature ($800^{\circ}C$) and all particle size of powder were distributed less than 1 ${\mu}m$ except for powder after Ca oxides as magnetic properties of powders after cake-type Ca reduction, with the consequence that high magnetic properties has been expected. The magnetic properties of powders prepared by mixture-type Ca ruduction, with the conseqence that high magnatic properties has been expected. The magnetic properties of powders prepared by mixture-type Ca reduction process showed $_iH_c$ = 5.9 kOe, $B_r$ = 5.5 kG, (BH)max = $Nd_{2}Fe_{14}B{\to}Nd_{2}Fe_{17}B$ decomposition by violent exothermic reaction during washing.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2006

Purpose: The proper diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is difficult and delayed because of the variety of clinical manifestations. We reviewed clinical characteristics of symptomatic MD to facilitate early detection. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the clinical manifestations, diagnostic tools, histopathological findings, and operative findings in 58 patients with symptomatic MD. Results: The male to female ratio was 2.8 : 1. The most common symptom of MD was bleeding. Others symptoms included: vomiting, abdominal pain, irritability, abdominal distension and fever in the order of frequency. The clinical manifestations of symptomatic MD were lower gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction, perforation, diverticulitis and hemoperitoneum, in the order of frequency. The causes of intestinal obstruction were intussusception, internal hernia, band, volvulus, invagination, in the order of frequency. Seventy five percent of patient with MD were diagnosed prior to 5 years of age. The most frequently used diagnostic tool was the Meckel's scan. The diverticulum was located 2 cm to 120 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. The length of the diverticulum ranged from 1 cm to 10 cm and 94% were less than 5 cm. The most common ectopic tissue found in the MD was gastric mucosa. Ileal resection was more frequently performed than diverticulectomy. Conclusion: In cases of unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction and repeated intussusception, the meckel's scan, ultrasound and computed tomography shoud be considered to rule out MD, and if clinically necessary, an exploratory laparotomy when needed.