• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.03a
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• pp.773-778
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• 2002

강우시 불포화 자연사면의 파괴메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 사면내 모관흡수력의 변화를 고려한 안정해석을 수행하였다. 사면에는 강우계, Tensiometer, Pizometer, Water mock, 경사계 등이 설치되었으며 강우시 사면내 부간극수압과 임시지하수위의 거동을 관찰하였다. 실내실험으로부터 불포화 사면의 안정해석을 위하여 입력 값으로 사용되는 불포화투수계수, 불포화강도정수를 시료의 No.200체 통과량과 건조밀도를 기준으로 경험계수를 이용하여 추정 사용하였다. 강우의 침투로 인한 사면내 부간극수압의 분포는 계측값과 수치해석결과가 차이를 보였으며 이는 불포화 흐름시 흙속의 공기의 영향, 강우의 나무와 수풀에 의한 중간차단효과 및 증발의 영향을 해석에 고려하지 못했기 때문으로 사료된다. 사면안정해석결과 강우초기 모관흡수력을 고려하는 경우 약 10%의 안전율의 증가를 나타냈으며, 침투가 진행되면서 그 차이는 좁아져 임시지하수위가 표층까지 도달했을 때 흡수력을 고려하지 않는 해석과 안전율은 일치하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.635-640
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• 1996

A thermo-elastic system in the production machine has highly nonlinear dynamic characteristics. In general, the finite element method is utilized for accurate analysis. However, it requires large computing time. Thus, thermo-elastic systems are usuallymodeled as electric and fluid system using lumped para,eter. In this paper. we propose the bondgraph model and transient simulation methodology of thermo-elastic system in consideration of various boundary and joint contact conditions. Consequently, the proposed method ensures a possibility of its on-line compensation about undesirable phenomena by using real time estimate process and electronic cooling device for thermal appropriate behavior. Thermo-elastic model consisting of bush and shaft including contact condition is presented.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 1988

Assuming that tidal level is constantly changed with an amplitude of 10 meters and a cycle of 12 hours, the slope stability for a typical dyke is analysed. The variation of pore water pressure within the dyke during the tidal change is obtained using a computer program, FLUMP, which is incorporated with saturated-unsaturated and transient flow. The results show that the variation of free water surface and distribution of pore water pressure within the dyke during the tidal fluctuations can be clearly predicted with the computer program. When a tide is lowered to the minimum level, the predicted pressure head is higher than the level of the free water surface in some parts of the dyke; that is, excess pore water pressure is generated in a zone affected by the tidal change. Also an unsaturated zone which shows negative pore water pressure is temporally created when a tide is lowered. The shear strength of the zone can be predicted based on the proposal suggested by Fredlund et al. It is emphasized that the excess pore water pressure generated during tidal fluctuations and strength parameters for the unsaturated zone should be considered in analyzing the slope stability of dykes. When those are considered, the critical slip surface seems to be located below the free water surface obtained when a tide is at the lowest.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.139-152
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• 1996

In order to treat flow problems for unsaturated soils, it is necessary to obtain the soil-water characteristic curves which show nonlinear relationship between metric suction and volumetric water content. With two different pleasuring devices, measurements of the matric suction were taken for Jumoonjin sand, Hangang sand, and weathered granite soils with different fined. Experimental parameters which can describe experimental formulas for the soil-water characteristics were determined by using the data obtained from the experiment. Among experimental formulas of previous researchers, that of van Genuchten(1980) agreed well with the results of experiments. For weathered granite soils, the parameters increased with the increase of fine contents, Therefore, the soil-water characteristic for a weathered soil can be estimated by using Parameters corresponding to its fine contents.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2013

There are many technical problems, which can not be resolved by the concept of saturated soil mechanics. Unsaturated soils show an apparent cohesion due to negative pore pressure and relatively lower permeability due to entrapped air compared to saturated soils. The determination of engineering properties of soils with various moisture content is very important to evaluate shear strength and stability of natural and engineered soils. So various researches should be made on unsaturated soils. Especially, sandy soils are widely distributed near Nakdong river, one of the four rivers where Restoration Projects were carried out. Many structures such as dams, flood control facilities, detention facilities and reservoirs have been built in this area. In this study, unsaturated triaxial compressive tests were conducted on sands or silty sands at Nakdong river in order to provide their fundamental characteristics for design and construction of geotechnical structures. As a result of the tests, the maximum deviator stress increased as the confining stress and matric suction increased. The cohesion increased non-linearly as the matric suction increased, but the angle of internal friction was marginally changed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.206-241
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• 1985

Attempts to search infection period, infection speed in the tissue of neck blast of rice plant, location of inoculum source and effects of several conditions about the leaf sheath of rice plants for neck blast incidence have been made. 1. The most infectious period for neck blast incidence was the booting stage just before heading date, and most of necks have been infected during the booting stage and on heading date. But $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid varieties had shown always high possibility for infection after booting stage. 2. Incubation period for neck blast of rice plants under natural conditions had rather a long period ranging from 10 to 22 days. Under artificial inoculation condition incubation period in the young panicle was shorter than in the old panicle. Panicles that emerged from the sheath of flag leaf had long incubation period, with a low infection rate and they also shown slow infection speed in the tissue. 3. Considering the incubation period of neck blast of rice plant, we assumed that the most effective application periods of chemicals are 5-10 days for immediate effective chemicals and 10-15 days for slow effective chemicals before heading. 4. Infiltration of conidia into the leaf sheath of rice plant carried out by saturation effect with water through the suture of the upper three leaves. The number of conidia observed in the leaf sheath during the booting stage were higher than those in the leaf sheath during other stages. Ligule had protected to infiltrate of conidia into the leaf sheath. 5. When conidia were infiltrated into the leaf sheath, the highest number of attached conidia was observed on the panicle base and panicle axis with hairs and degenerated panicle, which seemed to promote the infection of neck blast. 6. The lowest spore concentration for neck blast incidence was variable with rice varietal groups. $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid varieties were infected easily compared to the Japonica type varieties, especially. The number of spores for neck blast incidence in $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid varieties was less than 100 and disease index was higher also in $Indica{\times}Japonica$ hybrid than in Japonica type varieties. 7. Nitrogen content and silicate content were related with blast incidence in necks of rice plants in the different growing stage changed during growing period. Nitrogen content increased from booting stage to heading date and then decreased gradually as time passes. Silicate content increased from booting stage after heading with time. Change of these content promoted to increase neck blast infection. 8. Conidia moved to rice plant by ascending and desending dispersal and then attached on the rice plant. Conidia transfered horizontally was found very negligible. So we presumed that infection rate of neck blast was very low after emergence of panicle base from the leaf sheath. Also ascending air current by temperature difference between upper and lower side of rice plant seemed to increase the liberation of spores. 9. Conidial number of the blast fungus collected just before and after heading date was closely related with neck blast incidence. Lesions on three leaves from the top were closely related with neck blast incidence, because they had high potential for conidia formation of rice blast fungus and they were direct inoculum sources for neck blast. 10. The condition inside the leaf sheath was very favorable for the incidence of neck blast and the neck blast incidence in the leaf sheath increased as the level of fertilizer applied increased. Therefore, the infection rate of neck blast on the all panicle parts such as panicle base, panicle branches, spikelets, nodes, and internodes inside the leaf sheath didn't show differences due to varietal resistance or fertilizers applied. 11. Except for others among dominant species of fungi in the leaf sheath, only Gerlachia oryzae appeared to promote incidence of neck blast. It was assumed that days for heading of varieties were related with neck blast incidence.