• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2016

The ballistic performance data of composite materials is distributed due to material inhomogeneity. In this paper, the uncertainty in residual velocity is obtained experimentally, and a method of predicting it is established numerically for the high-speed impact of a bullet into laminated composites. First, the failure strain distribution was obtained by conducting a tensile test using 10 specimens. Next, a ballistic impact test was carried out for the impact of a fragment-simulating projectile (FSP) bullet with 4ply ([0/90]s) and 8ply ([0/90/0/90]s) glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) plates. Eighteen shots were made at the same impact velocity and the residual velocities were obtained. Finally, simulations were conducted to predict the residual velocities by using the failure strain distributions that were obtained from the tensile test. For this simulation, two impact velocities were chosen at 411.7m/s (4ply) and 592.5m/s (8ply). The simulation results show that the predicted residual velocities are in close agreement with test results. Additionally, the modeling of a composite plate with layered solid elements requires less calculation time than modeling with solid elements.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2002

최근 한국기계연구원에서 개발된 Mechanochemical process (MCP)는 Spray conversion 법에 의하여 나노크기의 W/Cu 복합 분말을 제조하는 방법으로서, 현재 (주)나노테크에서 산업화를 위한 시험/개발이 진행 중이다. 이 방법에 의하여 W /1 0 ~ 40wt. %Cu 조성의 초미렵 W/Cu 복합 분말의 양산화가 가능하게 됨으로써, 나노복합분말을 사용한 초미립 W/Cu 합금의 소결 제조 연구 역시 나 노태크에서 분말사업화와 동시에 수행되고 있다. 현재 Spray conversion 법으로 제조되고 있는 W/Cu 나노복합분말 및 그 소결체는 Cu의 조성범 위에 따라 민수용 및 군수용 제품으로의 적용이 시도되고 있으며, 각기 특성향상을 목표로 각 적용 분야에서 요구되는 제반 성능에 대한 검토가 이루어지고 있다. 특히 군수용의 목적으로 사용될 경우, 정적 및 동적부하상태에서 재료의 균일한 변형이 가장 중요한 특성이다. 현 개발품의 경우, 일반 W 빛 Cu 원료에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 순도의 원료를 사용하였기 때문에 분말 및 소재상태 에서의 순도가 높아서, 연성을 저하시키는 것으로 알려진 기지상내 합금원소 또는 interface 게재물 이 존재할 가능성이 매우 낮다. 또한 초미립 W 입자들과 Cu 상의 혼합도가 극대화된 상태이기 때문에 상대적으로 저옹에서도 완전치밀화된 미세조직을 얻을 수 있는데, 이는 분말상태의 균일한 미세구조를 유지할 수 있으며, 동시에 W 업자간의 과도한 neck 형성을 방지함으로써 기계적 변형시 재료의 연성 향상이 기대된다. 이러한 W/Cu 나노복합분말 소결체의 특성은 균일한 밀도분포와 동시에 과도한 동적 부하상태에서 균일한 변형이 보장되어야만 하는 특정 군수용 목적에 잘 부합하는 것으로 판단된다. 본 고에서는 상기한 W/Cu 나노복함분말을 사용하여 균일한 미세구조를 가지는 완전치밀화된 소결재를 제조하는 과정과 제조된 소결재를 향후 군수용 제품에 척용시키기 위하여 진행된 단조특성에 대한 연구결과틀을 재료의 미세구조척 관점에서 논의하였다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.3 s.49
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• pp.227-233
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• 2006

Bedrock is inhomogeneous for its genetically diverse origins and geological conditions when it forms, and especially, conglomerates and core-stones are one of these typical composite geo-materials composed of weak matrixes and strong pebbles. Mechanical properties of these composite bedrocks, like a conglomerate, generally vary depending on the mechanical properties and distributions of pebbles and the matrix. Therefore, regarding the consequence of understanding mechanical property of bedrocks in the designing slopes, tunnels, and other engineering facilities, empirical rock classification methods generally applied in the mechanical property modeling may not be suitable and rather, we may need some other classification methods, or tests more specific for these inhomogeneous composite bedrocks. This study includes a series of analyses to see elastic behaviors and modulus of composite geo-materials using homogenization theory. Forty nine case models were made for the elastic analysis with considering 5 factors such as gravel content, gravel size, strength of matrix, sorting and dip angle. The results analyzed are applicable to calculate elastic modulus of composite geo-materials as conglomerates and core-stones.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2012

In this paper, cross-sectional stiffnesses, static stresses, and dynamic natural frequencies are analyzed to examine the structural performance of wind turbine composite blades. The material properties of composite materials are based on room-temperature and radiation curing processes. The cross-sectional stiffnesses of composite blades are calculated by applying a beam theory with solid-profile cross sections. The wind turbine blades are modeled with a finite element program, and static analyses are carried out to check the maximum displacement and stress of the blades. In addition, dynamic analyses are performed to predict the rotating natural frequencies of the composite blades including the effects of centrifugal force. By comparing these analysis results, mainly owing to the material properties of composite materials, an improvement in the structural performance of the blades according to the curing process is investigated.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.153-162
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• 2002

This paper predicted the engineering constants of spatially reinforced carbon/ carbon composites and analyzed the mechanical behaviour of the kick motor nozzle. Those equivalent engineering constants are used to analyze the mechanical behaviour of the kick motor nozzle. Because the distribution of equivalent engineering constants is varying as change its structure, we made a program to predict engineering constants of spatially reinforced composites. The kick motor nozzle consists of graphite or spatially reinforced carbon/ carbon composites for the nozzle throat, carbon/ phenol for the nozzle entrance and the expansion part, and steel for the outer surface of the expansion part. The 4-D carbon/ carbon composite shows the smallest deformed shape of the nozzle throat, which has a favorable effect on the rocket thrust, and the most uniform deformation of all nozzle throat materials. In addition to analysis, ground firing tests of 4D C/ C nozzle throat and graphite nozzle throat were performed.

• Composites Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2021

Composite materials have been widely applied for fabricating pressure vessels used for storing gaseous and liquid fuel because of their high specific stiffness and specific strength. Accordingly, the accurate measurement of their mechanical property, particularly the burst pressure or fracture strain, is essential prior to the commercial release. However, verification of the safety of composite pressure vessels using conventional test methods poses some limitations because it may lead to the deformation of the load transferring media or provoke an additional energy loss that cannot be ignored. Therefore, in this study, the segment-type ring burst test device was designed considering the theoretical load transferring ratio and applicable displacement of the vertical column. Moreover, to verifying the uniform distribution of pressure of the segment type ring burst test device, the hoop stress and strain distribution of ring specimens were compared with that of the hydraulic pressure test method via FEM. To conduct a simulation of the fracture behavior of the composite pressure vessel, a Hashin failure criterion was applied to the ring specimen. Furthermore, the fracture strain was also measured from the experiment and compared with that of the result from the FEM.

• Composites Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.321-328
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• 2023

This study developed the in-situ stamp-forming process using the multi-axis robotic arm to fabricate thermal composite parts. Optimal fabrication parameters with the multi-axis robotic arm were determined using finite element analysis and these parameters were further refined through the practical manufacturing process. A comparison between the manufactured parts and finite element analysis results was conducted regarding thickness uniformity and wrinkle distribution to confirm the validity of the finite element analysis. Additionally, to evaluate the formability of the manufactured composite parts, measurements of crystallinity and porosity were taken. Consequently, this study establishes the feasibility of the In-situ stamp-forming consolidation using a robotic arm and verifies the potential for producing composite parts through this process.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.80-87
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• 2018

Safety issues in Li-ion battery system have been prime concerns, as demands for power supply device applicable to wearable device, electrical vehicles and energy storage system have increased. To solve safety problems, promising strategy is to replace organic liquid electrolyte with non-flammable solid electrolyte, leading to the development of all-solid-state battery. However, relative low conductivity and high resistance from rigid solid-solid interface hinder a wide application of solid electrolyte. Composite electrolytes composed of organic and inorganic parts could be alternative solution, which in turn bring about the increase of conductivity and conformal contact at physically rough interfaces. In our study, composite electrolytes were prepared by combining poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) and $Li_7La_3Zr_2O_{12}$ (LLZO). The crystallinity, morphology and electrochemical performances were investigated with the control of LLZO contents from 0 wt% to 50 wt%. From the results, it is concluded that optimum content and uniform dispersion of LLZO in polymer matrix are significant to improve overall conductivity of composite electrolyte.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1229-1233
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• 2005

본 연구는 도시지역의 강우-유출로 인한 비점오염물질의 유출특성 및 배출부하량을 조사하기 위하여 영산강권역의 풍영정천을 대상으로 조사하였다. 대상 유역의 토지이용별 구분은 논지역, 하류공단 및 논$\cdot$산지 복합 토지 이용특성, 공단 지역, 도시 분류식 지역, 소유역 출구지역으로 구분하였다. 시료의 채취는 강우시 4회에 걸쳐 조사하였으며, 매회 시료 채취 주기는 강우유출이 발생하기 전부터 시작하여 첨두유출량이 발생때까지 $1\~2$시간 간격으로 채취한 후 강우 종료 후 유출량 변화가 없을 때까지 $9\~12$단계로 세분하여 유출량과 pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P의 농도를 측정 하였다. 토지이용별 비점오염물질의 유량가중평균농도(EMC : Event Mean Concentration)를 살펴보면, BOD의 EMC는 $4.43\~14.22mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, 도시 합류식 토지이용 특성을 지닌 P-4지점에서 가장 큰 농도를 보였을 뿐만 아니라 타 토지이용 특성에 비하여 두드러지게 초기 오염물질 유출 현상을 나타내었다. COD의 EMC는 $8.27\~18.81mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, BOD 수질농도와 같이 P-4 지점에서 가장 큰 농도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. SS의 EMC는 $35.76\~358.86mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, 소유역의 중간지점이면서 논$\cdot$산지$\cdot$공단지역의 토지이용 특성을 지닌 P-2 지점에서 가장 큰 농도를 나타내었다. 이는 조사기간(Event 1, Event2) 동안 상류의 자연형하천 제방공사로 인한 토사유출로 인하여 다소 높게 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 대상유역 전반적으로 초기 오염물질 유출 현상을 보였으며, BOD와 COD 수질농도의 분포양상과는 다르게 강우량 및 강우강도에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. T-N의 EMC는 $1.61\~7.13mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, T-P는 $0.03\~0.46mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2014

In this study, reliability software cost model considering shape parameter based on life distribution from the process of software product testing was studied. The shape parameter using the Erlang and Log-logistic model that is widely used in the field of reliability problems presented. The software failure model was used finite failure non-homogeneous Poisson process model, the parameters estimation using maximum likelihood estimation was conducted. In comparison result of software cost model based on the Erlang distribution and the log-logistic distribution software cost model, because Erlang model is to predict the optimal release time can be software, but the log-logistic model to predict to optimal release time can not be, Erlang distribution than the log-logistic distribution appears to be effective. In this research, software developers to identify software development cost some extent be able to help is considered.