• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.242-257
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• 2003

This study surveyed an ecosystem conservation area that is wetland area to establish ecological restoration and preservation plan. Monitoring standard have been set up item, method, period, number of times etc. Result that examine according to monitoring standard, Plant field investigated Flora, actual vegetation. Flora is 132 taxa(39 family 116 species 19 variety 1 forma) appeared and wild species were 85 species, and introduced species were 47 species. Grasped monthly(April∼September) actual vegetation, swampy plant community influence were increase and influence of Persicaria thunbergii was big situation specially. Frequency appearance of naturalized plant is much on field. Animal field investigated Birds, Herpetofauna, Insecta. Birds were appeared 34 species 378 individual and Herpetofauna were appeared 4 species 5 individual and insecta investigated 11 order 52 family 153 species. Inorganic environmental field investigated groundwater level, quality of water, soil quality. Groundwater level is high by 0.0∼89.0cm, $Ca^{++}$ content is some high by 2.18∼13.73cmol/kg in soil. Also we suggested basis direction and each space details plan on monitoring as follow : wetland ecosystem restoration plan, eruption area restoration plan, forest ecosystem restoration plan.n.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.93-103
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to assess the recovery rate of vegetation structure after restoration works at the damaged Nogodan area in Jirisan National Park. Fourteen monitoring plots were set up at restoring work area and twelve control plots were set up at natural forest near monitoring plots. Flora, Relative Importance Percentage and Similarity Index were analyzed. Mean Similarity Index between monitering plot and control plot near helliport area showed thirty five point two percent and height of shrub layer recovered up to twenty percent, approxomately durindg twenty three years after experimental restoration works. Mean Similarity Index between monitering plot and control plot around Nogodan peak area showed seventeen point six percent but height of shrub layer recovered up to twenty percent, approxomately during ninteen years after restoration works. Mean similarity index between monitering plot and control plot on transfered millitary area showed thirty four point three percent but coverage of shrub layer showed twenty percent,approxomately during seven years after restoration works. Long term monitering shall be necessary for developing assessment criteria of ecologial restoration and ecological restoration technology.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2004

The study was to investigate and compare plants and frequency of appearing species of vegetation transect in a straight and a restoration Section of Bulgwang stream in Seoul. Some part of Bulgwang stream was restored as a closed-to-nature stream. This present study consists of two investigations, the first investigation being conducted on May and the second one on August -September 2003. Based on the analysis of the data collected from both investigations, this study classified and listed all of the plants appeared in a straight and a restoration section of the stream. The study used the Belt-transect method in order to examine and analyze discover the appearance frequency of the vegetaton transect per 200 meters. During the period of the first investigation and the second one, plants of 33 families, 73 classes, and 88 species appeared in the straight section, while plants of 36 families, 76 classes, and 90 species appeared in the restoration section. The Naturalized Index of the straight section was 22.7％, and that of the restoration section was 21.1％. As shown on the results indicating that the Urbanization Index of the straight section was 7.8％, and that of the restoration section was 7.4％, the Urbanization Index of the straight section was slightly higher than the restoration section. The results using belt-transect analysis method showed that in case of the straight section, the plants of the highest appearance frequency on the riverside were Persicaria hydropiper and Humulus japonicus. On the contrary, in the case of restoration section, the plants showing a higher appearance frequency on the riverside were identified as Salix gracilistyla, Persicaria hydropiper, Rumex crispus, and Humulus japonicus. In conclusion, there was no difference between the straight and the restoration section in the bank with regard to vegetation transect. However, a remarkable difference was found on the riverside for the Salix gracilistyla which was introduced in the restoration section.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.508-515
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• 2015

Post-fire restoration can affect breeding bird communities and species compositions over a long-term period by determining pot-fire succession, and a long-term monitoring is therefore required to understand its impacts on forest birds. This study aimed to document the effects of post-fire restoration methods on breeding bird communities in three areas: unburned and two burned (nonintervention and intervention with clear-cut logging and planting) stands 13 years after the stand-replacing Samcheok forest fire at Mt. Geombong in Samcheok, South Korea. According to 108 point counts during the breeding season from April to June 2013, we found that the number of individuals, observed bird species, and species diversity index in intervention stands with clear-cut logging and planting were lower than that in nonintervention and unburned control stands. Foraging and nesting guild analysis also showed a lower abundance of foliage searchers, timber drillers, primary cavity nesters and secondary cavity nesters in intervention stands than in the other stands, while no significant difference was detected between the nonintervention and unburned stands. These results imply that an interventional restoration method may deter the recovery of avian breeding communities after forest fires, and also suggest that non-interventional restoration methods may be an effective way to benefit the species diversity and density of breeding bird communities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 2021

This study aims to obtain basic data for systematic restoration by analyzing the monitoring results of the Shimwon Valley Ecological Landscape Restoration Project area in Jirisan National Park. In 2017, when the restoration project was completed, 12 monitoring plots and 4 control plots were installed for vegetation monitoring, and changes in the relative dominance, species diversity index and similarity between 2017 and 2020 were analyzed. The species diversity index of the surveyed areas where trees were planted during the restoration project was 0-1.4552, and the similarity index with the control group was 0% except for one survey area at 1.32%. The very low species diversity index and similarity index in the survey areas were attributed to the loss of trees planted during the restoration project due to death, damage by wild boars, or erosion by running water. On the other hand, the species diversity index was 0.9538-2.3222 in the monitoring plot where no tree was planted, and the similarity index was analyzed to be as high as 8.33%. It is necessary to continue the long-term monitoring for the development of ecological landscape restoration methods in the national park and analysis of the succession in monitoring plots where no trees were planted.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.12
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• pp.145-191
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• 2007

21세기는 과학적 물질문명의 발달로 인하여, 과거에는 느껴보지 못했던 물질문명의 풍요를 이끌어 냈으며, 컴퓨터, 메스미디어의 발달로 인하여, 인간 문명의 관심은 지구계를 벗어나 우주론적으로 확장되어 마침내 우주시대를 열었다. 하지만 인간의 이성과 함께 영원하리라 믿었던 과학적 합리성은 20세기 초두에 제국주의적 전쟁을 일으키게 되었으며, 그로 말미암아 이성 파괴 현상이 드러나게 되었다. 급기야 20세기말에 이르러 다원주의라 칭하기도 하는 후기산업사회의 병적 증후군들, 국가간의 경제전쟁, 컴퓨터 및 각종 정보매체를 통한 신속한 정보교환의 이면에는 인간의 자기정체성의 혼돈을 아울러 초래하게 되었다. 과학기술의 발달로 생태계 및 환경은 오염되고 파괴되었다. 20세기말에는 산성비, 엘니뇨, 라니냐 현상으로 인하며, 환경의 재앙을 초래하면서 이제 인간은 문명에 대하여 여태껏 가져왔던 확고한 믿음에 회의를 갖게 된 것이다. 이와 같은 현상은 인간의 주체적 인식과 과학적 믿음의 지나친 숭배로 인하며 자연도 인간에 의하여 지배되고 인간을 위해서만 존재하는, 인간과 자연의 이원론적인 생각 즉, 인간의 이성에 의해서만 가능하다고 생각한 "근대적 주체"에 대한 맹신의 결과인 것이다. 이렇듯 20세기의 문제점은 21세기로 전가되어 여전히 계속되고 있으며, 세계내의 가장 큰 문제점은 전쟁, 기아 등 보다 이제는 오히려 환경. 생태문제로 귀결되어 지구의 생존권 자체가 위협을 받게 되었다. 미술도 서구문명의 근대주의적 영향에 의해서 모더니즘 등 이성위주의 미술인 "근대 주체적 미술"로 발전하였지만 포스터모더니즘에서 보여 지듯 이미 인간의 순수한 이성을 근간으로 한 미술에 있어서의 주체성 주장은 상당부분 무너졌으며, 이제는 장르의 해체와 다원화 현상으로 나아가게 되었다. 환경파괴에 직면하여 이제 주체는 자연이라는 타자를 새롭게 등장시킨다. 그리하여 생명중심주의, 전체론, 감각 중심주의 등 인간과 자연이 함께 공생하는 자연을 향한 생태적인 미술이 절실히 요구되는 것이다. 이에 본 연구논문은 무비판적 서구미술에 동요되지 않고, 지극히 자연적이고 동양적이기도 한 끊임없이 생명력을 창출해 내는 자연에 관심을 같게 되었으며, 환경의 중요성과 함께 생태학적 미술, 즉 생태미술에 본인의 작업을 관계시키고자 한다. 근대적 문명사에 의해 매장된 생태적 유기성의 흔적을 고고학적 탐사방법을 통하며 발굴해 내며, 환경윤리와 생태학, 심층 생태학, 북친의 '사회 생태학'을 수용하여 물질성의 생태적 복원과 함께 조형공간의 다원성에 대한 생태 미술의 일단을 규명코자 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.422-432
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• 2022

Soil and micro-climatic environmental monitoring was conducted to evaluate the factors causing tree growth impediments at the Baekdudaegan ecological axis restoration project site. As a result, it was found that the nutrient supply was insufficient in the restoration project site due to the lack of organic matter, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity of the soil compared to the surrounding forest. After the completion of the restoration, the soil moisture in the autumn decreased more than 7 times faster than that of the surrounding forest, and it was evaluated that the soil moisture was significantly low due to the lack of silt and clay content. In the case of the restoration site, the annual potential evapotranspiration was analyzed to be 975mm, which is approximately two times higher than that of the surrounding forest. The soil moisture of the restoration site in the summer decreased rapidly during the daytime when the amount of insolation increased and this was found to be strongly influenced by the increase in potential evapotranspiration. In order to improve the above factors affecting the tree growth at the Baekdudaegan ecological axis restoration project site, it is necessary to induce the smooth supply of nutrients and water to plants by improving physical proprieties and cation exchange capacity, i.e., using litterfall, humus soil, soil conditioner and organic fertilizer. The results of this study are expected to serve as basic data for the design, construction, and management of ecological axis restoration projects in the future.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 1997

Nanji-do is an island in Seoul, the area is 272ha, and in which gad was piled up waste discharged from Seoul metropolitan for 15 years(form March 1978 to March 1993). The volume of waste is 92, 000, 000m$^{2}$. The actual vegetation area of Nanji-do is 191ha, and the area of woody plant is 31ha. The rest area is covered by herbaceaus plant. In actual vegetation area of woody plant, Robinia pseudoacacia community and Salix pseudo-lasiogyne community are 83%. The soil pH is alkaline, though general soil pH is acid in Seoul. There is no relation with soil condition and actual vegetation. The result of this study, actual vegetation of Nanji-do don't help the establishment of vegetation restoration after soil stabilization construction. And so following a countermeasure is proposed. 1) Selection of adequate species by an experiment of planting pioneer species, native species, and dietary species 2) Establishment of an adequate planting plan and development of slope stabilization method by planting of native species 3) Establishment of a restoration plan of animal ecosystem by survey for animal ecosystem

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

The goal of this study is to estimate economic benefit of restoring ecological stream of Hong Cheon river. The benefit is determined by estimating willingness-to-pay for the value of Hong Cheon river because it is a non-market good which is difficult to be measured in terms of monetary value. Specifically, the spike model, one of the contingent valuation methods, is used to distinguish respondents having zero willingness-to-pay for Hong Cheon river. The results show that a household located near the Hong Cheon river is willing to pay 3,300~4,628 Korean Won per year, while a household not located near the Hong Cheon river is willing to pay 1,308~2,929 Korean Won per year. Thus, total benefit of restoring ecological stream of Hong Cheon river is estimated as 97.6~216.3 billion Korean Won.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.468-480
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• 2022

Although the construction of the Nakdong River Estuary Barrage (NEB) improved the water supply in the region, it cut off the longitudinal connectivity of the estuary aquatic ecosystem. Thus, the social demands for opening the NEB have been continuously raised, and the efforts to restore the aquatic ecosystem of the Nakdong River estuary began in 2017. Many fish species have inhabited the Nakdong River estuary. Since their habitat and migration characteristics vary widely, the sluice gate operation considering them is essential for the restoration of the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, in this study, we monitored the fish species living and migrating in the Nakdong River estuary and analyzed the possibility of smooth movement of for each fish species by calculating the average flow velocity according to the type and the height of the gate opening. Moreover, we selected the target fish species for each month and suggested the sluice gate operation according to the depth of the main habitat to present the measures that are ideal for optimal restoration of the aquatic ecosystem in the Nakdong River estuary area.