• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.368-370
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 복부 초음파 영상에서 복부 근육을 추출하고 추출된 근육 영역에서 지방을 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 복부 초음파 영상에서 밝은 명암도를 가지는 근막 영역과 어두운 명암도를 가지는 근육 영역의 명암 대비를 강조하기 위해서 앤드 인 탐색 스트레칭 방법과 Multiple 연산을 적용한다. 평균 명암도와 명암 대비가 강조된 복부 초음파 영상에서 수직 방향의 명암도가 200이상인 픽셀들은 퍼지 이진화 기법을 적용하여 이진화한다. 이진화된 영상에서 외복사근 상단선을 추출한 후, 퍼지 이진화 기법이 적용된 영상과 합성한다. 합성된 영상에서 최종 근막 영역을 추출한다. 추출된 각각의 복부 근육 영역에 ART2 알고리즘을 적용하여 복부 근육 영역을 양자화한다. 양자화된 복부 근육 내의 영역을 분석하여 최종 지방 영역을 추출한다. 제안된 복부 근육 추출 및 지방 분석 방법을 실제 복부 초음파 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 추출된 복부 근육 영역에 ART2 알고리즘 기반 양자화 기법을 적용하여 지방을 추출하는 것이 복부비만을 분석하는데 도움이 되는 것을 영상 의학과 전문의를 통해 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.303-304
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 충수염을 추출하고 분석하는 방법을 제안한다. 충수염을 추출하는 과정은 복부 초음파 영상에서 End_in_search Stretching 기법, 블록 이진화, Grassfire, 팽창 연산을 이용하여 복부 근육의 최하단 근막 부분을 추출하여 제거한 후, 평균 이진화 기법을 적용하고 영상의 객체화 및 객체 제거를 통해 충수염을 추출한다. 제안된 방법을 복부 초음파 영상에 적용시킨 결과, 객관적이고 효율적으로 충수염이 추출됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.94-96
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 복부 초음파 영상에서 Ends_in Search Stretching 기법을 적용하여 명암 대비를 강조한 후, 이진화, 영역 레이블링 기법, 잡음 제거를 통해 근막을 추출하고, 근막 영역의 하단 경계선을 기준으로 Cubic Spline 보간법을 적용하여 복부 근육의 근막 하단 영역을 추출한다. 복부 초음파 영상에서 추출된 근막 하단 영역을 이용하여 근막 영역을 제거한 후, 거리 기반 퍼지 ART 알고리즘을 적용하여 충수 후보 영역을 추출한 다. 추출된 충수 후보 영역에 침식 연산과 영역 레이블링 기법을 적용하여 충수를 추출한다. 제안된 방법을 복부 초음파 영상을 대상으로 실험한 결과, 기존의 충수 추출 방법보다 객관적이고 효율적으로 충수와 소장의 명암도 차이를 구별할 수 있어 충수 영역이 이전의 방법 보다 비교적 정확히 추출되는 것을 영상의학과 관련 전문의를 통해 확인하였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-77
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• 1997

Holstein 우유가 식욕감소와 함께 갑자기 유량이 줄어들고 복부의 타진시 심한 통증과 신음을 나타내어 방사선 및 초음파로 확인하였는데, 방사선 투시소견(fluoroscopy)상 길이 10cm의 직선형 금속성이물이 제2위벽을 관통하여 있었으며 초음파상으로는 제2위벽의 장막과 횡격막의 유착을 관찰하였다. 금속성 이물을 제거하기 위하여 탐색적 개복술을 실시 하였으나 복부의 심한 섬유소성 유착으로 이물을 제거하지 못하고 magnet와 항생제 및 수액을 실시 하였는데 수술후 점차 식욕 및 유량을 회복하였다. 대동물에서는 창상성 복막염에 대한 방사선 투시 및 초음파의 진단과 magnet등의 투여가 매우 유익한 방법이었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.2382-2387
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a new method to extract and analyze appendicitis from abdomen ultrasonographic image in order to measure the thickness of appendix and change of inflammation correctly. Since the ultrasonographic image has environmental effect in nature, we standardize the image first and the process of extracting appendicitis then extracts the bottom facia which has the critical role to find appendix area. The experiment with real appendicitis patient verifies that the proposed method is more effective than current field expert's naked eye inspection.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2540-2545
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a novel method to extract appendix from ultrasound image automatically to avoid such subjectivity issue. In the process, we apply a series of image processing algorithms such as Ends_in search stretching for emphasizing brightness contrast and binarization, region labelling, and cubic spline interpolation for extracting lower bound fasicia line that is the base of extracting the appendix. Knowing that the appendix is located at the lower organ area below the bottom fascia line, we conduct a series of image processing techniques to find the fascia line correctly. And then we apply ART2 algorithm to the organ area in order to extract appendix accurately. Through experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified based on the field experts' evaluations.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of intestinal ultrasonography (US) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the early diagnosis of Henoch-Sch$\"{o}$nlein purpura (HSP) with the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms preceding the emergence of the skin lesion. Methods: The clinical, intestinal US and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic records of 85 patients (88 cases) with GI symptoms relating to HSP presenting between January 1999 and April 2001 were reviewed. Results: 1) GI symptoms were observed in 52 cases (59%) and skin, joint, renal and scrotal manifestations were observed in 88 (100%), 64 (73%), 15 (17%), 3 cases (3%) respectively. 2) Out of 52 cases with GI symptoms, abdominal pain was observed in all cases (100%). Positive stool occult blood, nausea and vomiting, abdominal tenderness, melena or tarry stool, diarrhea, hematemesis, rebound tenderness and rigidity were observed in 28 (50%), 17 (33%), 17 (33%), 12 (23%), 6 (12%), 4 (8%), 1 (2%) and 1 case (2%) respectively in order of frequency. 3) Intestinal US examination was performed in 27 cases with HSP and GI symptoms (52 cases). Out of 27 sonographic examinations 22 showed abnormal findings. Thickening of the duodeno-jejunal wall was observed in 16 cases (73%). Free peritoneal fluid, enlarged mesenteric lymph node, ileus and abnormal gall bladder were seen in 8 (36%), 8 (36%), 4 (18%) and 1 case (5%) respectively. In three cases of HSP without GI symptoms, those changes were absent. 4) In all of five cases with HSP and GI symptoms, endoscopic study showed mucosal edema and multiple hemorrhagic erosions especially at the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsy specimens from the duodenum of 2 cases out of 5 endoscopic examinations showed acute inflammatory infiltrates in the mucosa with hemorrhage. 5) Both intestinal US and endoscopic studies were performed in 4 cases with HSP and GI symptoms simultaneously. Out of 4 those cases, 3 cases showed the thickened duodeno-jejunal wall on the intestinal US, which suggested erosive hemorrhagic duodenitis by endoscopic findings. Conclusion: The typical but nonpathognomonic intestinal US findings including the thickening of the duodeno-jejunal wall and upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings including hemorrhagicerosive duodenitis, in children with GI symptoms, should be considered a manifestation of HSP, even in the absence of skin lesion.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasound examination of children performed by a pediatrician. Methods: One thousand children who presented with symptoms of a gastrointestinal disorder and underwent abdominal ultrasound evaluation in the Department of Pediatrics, between January 2003 and June 2006, were included in this study. We analyzed the patient's medical records and ultrasound results retrospectively. Results: Among the 1,000 patients, 58.4% were male and 41.6% were female. The mean age of the patients was $4.7{\pm}4.0$ years. The main reasons for ultrasound were abdominal pain (43.9%), vomiting (17.3%), elevated liver enzymes (11.8%), and jaundice (9.8%). Abnormal ultrasound findings were present in 57.9% of cases. The major abnormal findings were mesenteric lymphadenitis (29.2%), fatty liver (12.1%), hepatitis (6.4%), hepatosplenomegaly (6.2%), and acute appendicitis (4.8%). The time interval between the initial medical evaluation and the ultrasound evaluation was within 24 hours in most cases (78.5%). The main findings in children with abdominal pain were mesenteric lymphadenitis (32.6%), fatty liver (5.9%), intussusception (2.7%), and acute appendicitis (2.7%). The main findings in children with vomiting were mesenteric lymphadenitis (12.7%), hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (10.4%), and acute appendicitis (3.5%). The major ultrasound findings in children with urinary tract diseases were hydronephrosis (45.4%), urolithiasis (21.5%) and cystic renal disease (18.1%). Conclusion: Ultrasound examination played an important role as a non-invasive and prompt screening examination for detection of abdominal diseases. Ultrasound was an important tool for pediatricians to determine timely information for patient management.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 1995

Purpose: Acute febrile illness in children frequently accompanies with abdominal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, even if its etiology is not occured from the gastrointestinal tract. If the etiology of fever was unknown and the fever was accompanied with abdominal symptoms, we should be concerned about whether the etiology of fever was originated from the gastrointestinal tract or interpretated from the abnormality in the gastrointestinal tract. This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of abdominal ultrasonography in patients with fever and abdominal symptoms. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of abdominal ultrasonographic (US) findings of 60 cases of acute febrile illness with abdominal symptoms at department of Pediatrics, Ulsan Dongang General Hospital during the period from January 1994 to June 1995. Results: The abnormal abdominal US findings obtained were as follows. 1) The abnormal US findings were seen in 56 cases (93.3%). 2) The most common abnormal US finding was the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes in 52 cases (86.7%) 3) The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes with or without intra-abdominal fluid were seen in 30 cases (50.0%) of a wide variety of illnesses, so their diagnostic values were absent. 4) The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and splenomegaly with or without ileocecitis were seen in 7 cases. Among them, 4 cases (6.7%) were confirmed as typhoid fever. 5) The US findings in 6 cases of typhoid fever were the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes in all cases (100%), splenomegaly in 4 cases (66.7%), ileocecitis in 1 case (16.7%), enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and splenomegaly in 4 cases (66.7%), enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, splenomegaly and ileocecitis in 1 cases (16.7%). 6) The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and the abnormalities around the appendix were seen in 7 cases (11.7%), which were confirmed as appendicitis all. 7) The thickening of wall in urinary bladder was seen in 2 cases (3.3%) of acute cystitis and acute hemorrhagic cystitis. 8) The subtle thickening of wall in colon was seen in 1 cases (1.7%) of shigellosis. Conclusions: The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, splenomegaly and ileocolitis on the abdominal ultrasonography in patients with fever and abdominal symptoms aree suggestive findings of typhoid fever. The enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and the abnormalities around the appendix on abdominal ultrasonography make the rapid diagnosis of acute appendicitis and its complications, when physical examination is difficult in small children and diagnosis of their illnesses is obscure in patients with fever and abdominal pain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2012.01a
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• pp.73-75
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 복부 초음파 영상에서 근육 영역의 명암 대비를 강조하기 위해서 Multiple 연산을 적용한 후, 명암 대비가 강조된 영상에서 수직 방향의 명암도가 200 이상인 픽셀들에 대해 퍼지 기법에 적용하여 이진화한다. 이진화된 영상에서 피부층과 외복사근 사이에 존재하는 피하지방을 추출하기 위해 Thick-Search 방법을 적용하여 피부층과 외복사근을 추출한 후, 피부층과 외복사근의 사이에 Up-Down Search 방법을 적용하여 피하지방층을 추출한다. 피하지방층이 추출된 영상에서 근막의 형태학적 정보를 이용하여 근막을 추출한다. 추출된 근막 사이에 대해 Up-Down Search 방법을 적용하여 근육의 후보 영역을 추출한 후, 근육의 형태학적 정보를 이용하여 최종적인 근육 층을 추출한다. 추출된 근육의 경계선을 Monotone Cubic Hermite 보간법을 이용하여 근육의 경계선을 보정한 후, 최소자승법을 이용하여 근육의 두께를 측정한다. 제안된 방법을 복부 초음파 영상에 적용하여 근막 및 근육 영역을 추출한 결과, 기존의 근육 추출 방법보다 정확하게 추출되었고, 근육의 두께 측정 결과도 전문의가 육안으로 측정한 결과와 근사한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.